Abu Ghraib, 187
Abzug, Bella, 222n34
Adamic myth, 150–51, 153–54, 163–64; in Ellison’s second novel, 165–66
Afghanistan, 189
Africa: as homeland or stolen identity/culture, 13, 31; indigenous African religious traditions, 4, 31–36, 201n49; in Hurston’s Moses, Man of the Mountain, 53
African American literature: and “Negro novel(ist)s,” 5, 7, 8; and protest, 6–7, 8–9, 10, 70, 110, 112, 114, 128, 156, 197n24, 197n26, 212n4
Allen, Danielle, 122–24, 131, 137, 224n60, 225n83; and Reconstitution, 122–24, 127, 131–33, 137
American Academy of Religion (AAR), 105, 218n36
American Adam, The. See Lewis, R. W. B.
American civil religion. See civil religion”
American Missionary Association, 101
Anselm, 16
antagonistic cooperation (includes 0cooperative antagonism and antagonistically cooperative), 6, 10, 13, 14, 16, 24, 27, 33, 74, 77, 78, 79–80, 91, 115, 129, 136, 139, 140, 141, 142, 154, 156, 177, 193, 196n15
apocalypticism, 41–42, 64–68, 210n83, 211n107
Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 204n105
Arminian, 28
Armstrong, Louis, 162
Auden, W. H., 217n19
Augustine (of Hippo), 113, 201n49
Austin, Texas, 184
Azande, 34–35
Babel, Isaac, 18
Babylonian exile, 23
Baker, Houston A., Jr., 213n29
Baldwin, James, 3, 70, 72, 82, 90, 101, 200n43, 211–12n4, 216n5
Bard College, 102, 144–45, 226n2, 226n3, 226n5, 226n7
Barnard College, 49
Barth, Karl, 19–22, 73, 89, 214n72
Beckett, Samuel, 217n22
Beecher, Henry Ward, 152–53, 156
Beecher, Lyman, 152
Bellah, Robert, 133, 137, 140, 223n55
Bellow, Saul, 5, 6, 102, 196–96n12, 229n44
Bible, 15, 18–25, 36, 51, 53–54, 58–59, 62–65, 67, 82, 113, 116, 129, 147, 148, 152, 176, 201n48, 201n49, 201n51, 201n53, 202n54, 202n60, 208n61, 211n107, 229n35; books referenced, Hebrew Bible: Amos, 112; Exodus, 21–23, 25, 204n81; Genesis, 148; Isaiah, 129; Job, 20, 54–55, 65, 202n61, 208n61; Psalms, 176; books referenced, New Testament: Colossians, 19; 2 Corinthians, 19; Hebrews, 19, 29; John (fourth gospel), 148; Matthew, 87, 129; Revelation, 65–67; Romans, 19–20; 1 Timothy, 19; Geneva translation, 19, 21, 201n53; KJV translation, 18, 19, 21, 87, 201n51, 201–2n53, 202n54
Bigsby, C. W. E., 167
Bill of Rights (US), 146–47
Birmingham, Alabama, 112, 125, 129, 188, 221n34
Birney, Robert C., 139
Black Arts, 11, 115, 136, 141, 156
Black Church, 14, 16, 126, 183, 191, 233n11
Black Metropolis, 42
Black Power, as concept, 123, 131
Black Power movement, 11, 136, 156, 222n36, 224–25n68
Blight, David, 172
Book of Common Prayer, The, 102
Booth, Wayne, 163, 165, 168–70, 173, 177
Bradley, Adam, 125, 132, 133, 140, 198n37, 223n57, 224n62
Braithwaite, William Stanley, 61
Breaux, Zelia, 121
Bridgeman, Richard, 145
Brooks, Gwendolyn, 101, 216n17
Brooks, Harry, 162
Brown University, 80–81
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 7, 83, 118, 119, 120, 123, 128, 132, 136, 140, 183, 220n8; and Ellison’s second novel, 125–27
“browning” of America, 191
Brueggemann, Walter, 23
Burger, Douglas, 184–85
Burke, Kenneth, 14, 97, 117, 145, 215n3, 219n66
Burris, Andrew, 51
Burroughs, Reverend George, 29
Bushnell, Horace, 152–53
Calvinism, 28, 37, 99, 117, 144–78, 181, 227n22, 228n31
Campbell, Jill, 45, 206n23, 206n24
Campbell, Joseph, 217n19
Camus, Albert, 109, 112–13, 217n22
Carmichael, Stokely, 224n68
Carpio, Glenda R., 207n37, 208n51, 210n93
Carter, J. Kameron, 200n41, 200n48
Centreville, Virginia, 184
Century Club, 217n19
Charlottesville, Virginia, 100, 102
Chicago, Illinois, 11, 42, 55, 56, 85, 100, 101, 102, 105, 106, 110, 111, 131, 188, 198n34, 205n12, 209n67, 218n36, 232n111
Chinitz, David, 107
civil religion, 37, 119, 133–34, 137–41, 145, 147, 172, 175, 223n55, 223–24n59
Civil Rights Act (1964), 131
Civil War (US), 117, 133, 145–46, 153, 166, 173, 223n54, 229n34
Claghorn, S. D., 198n37, 213n23
Cold War, 72, 75–76, 82–83, 138, 141, 155–56, 196n19, 229n45
Cole, Herman, 217n19
Cole, William G., 106–7
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (CWF), 120, 137–41, 225n71, 225n73
Columbia University, 100, 104, 233n11
Commentary, 5
Communist Party, 63, 135, 212n8, 224n60
Cone, Cecil Wayne, 220n19
Cone, James H., 67, 201n48, 220n19, 225n68
Conference on Christianity and Literature, 105
Connor, Bull, 129
Connor, Kimberly Rae, 105
Constitution (US), 132–33, 146–47, 151, 176–77
Crable, Bryan, 219n66
Crane, Stephen, 145
Cromwell, Oliver, 82
Danforth, Samuel, 80–81
Darwinism, 48
Declaration of Independence, 132, 146–47, 175–77
Delbanco, Andrew, 120, 150, 153–54
Detroit, Michigan, 99, 104, 188
Domingo, W. A., 61
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 5, 9, 18–19, 21, 69, 90, 114, 201n52, 214n59
Douglass, Frederick, 149–50, 157, 171–78, 201n48, 230n54, 231–32n93, 232n95, 232n97, 232n104; Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, 174–75; My Bondage and My Freedom, 171; Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, 77, 171, 175, 231n93; “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?,” 175–77
Douglass High School, 121
drone warfare. See drones
drones, 37, 182, 187–90, 234–35n25, 235n27
DuBois, W. E. B., 5, 62–63, 136, 211n101, 224n65
Durkheim, Emile, 199–200n40
E Pluribus Unum, 134
Eastwood, Clint, 37, 182–86, 233n12, 234n13
“Eastwooding,” as chair lynching, 184–86
Eatonville, Florida, 50, 51–52, 120
Edwards, Jonathan, 158, 160, 180–81, 193, 233n7
Eliade, Mircea, 224n59
Eliot, T. S., 10, 70, 90, 107, 112, 143, 218n43
Ellison, Fanny McConnell, 96, 100, 102, 216n16
Ellison, Ralph: and apocalypse, 41–42, 64–65, 67–68; and Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 120, 137–40, 225n71; death of, 37, 101–02, 124, 221n24; early days in Harlem, 18, 37–40, 114–15; as humanist, 10, 11, 12, 192, 193; on Zora Neale Hurston, 53, 60; and Martin Luther King Jr., 127–32, 139, 211n4, 217n20, 221–22n34, 222n36, 222n37, 223n47, 224n65, 224n68, on Alain Locke, 60–63; “not a black writer,” 11, 104, 136, 192; and race in mid-century African American literature, 5–9, 88, 106, 179, religious background of, 3, 8, 14–17; as secular novelist, 3; teaching, 117, 121, 134, 144–47, 149, 158, 226n2, 226n3, 227n26
Ellison, Ralph, works of: Fiction: “And Hickman Arrives,” 223n52; Invisible Man, 1, 3–9, 11–12, 14, 19–20, 22–24, 27, 29, 36–37, 41, 56, 60–95, 97, 100, 112, 114, 118, 124, 127, 134–36, 144–46, 148, 153, 155, 157, 169–60, 163, 165–67, 171–75, 178–79, 181, 184, 187, 192, 196n17, 196n19, 198n37, 200n43, 209n71, 210n78, 211n103, 211n110, 212n9, 214n54, 220n11, 212n9, 214n54, 220n11, 220n20, 220n22, 223n59, 227n26, 229n43, 231n93, 233n3; Juneteeth (1999 edition of second novel), 15, 124, 165, 222n43; Three Days Before the Shooting. . . , 124, 222n43; Non-Fiction: “The Art of Fiction,” 60, 201n52; “An Extravagance of Laughter,” 40, 56; Going to the Territory, 145, 196n15, 226n4; “Great Day Coming [review of Edmund Fuller],” 173; “The Novel as a Function of American Democracy,” 147; “Recent Negro Fiction,” 53; “Richard Wright’s Blues,” 78; Shadow and Act, 60, 135, 145, 210n91; “Society, Morality, and the Novel,” 27; “What Would America Be Like without Blacks?,” 198n37, 213n23; “The World and the Jug,” 70, 196n15
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 145, 149, 153, 157–58, 171, 201n49, 229n42, 230n53, 230n56, 231n93, 232n99
Eng, David, 185
Enlightenment, 25, 40, 181, 200n40
epistemology, 4, 7, 8, 21, 26–27, 33, 36, 39–68, 106, 112, 129, 192, 228n32
Evans-Pritchard, E. E., 34, 204n105
Faulkner, William, 70, 90, 99, 143, 145, 178, 226n9
Fessenden, Tracy, 3, 32, 35, 41
Fielding, Henry, 44–46, 208n23, 208n24; Shamela, 45–46; Tom Jones, 45
Fields, Barbara, 34–36, 204n105
Finney, Charles Grandison, 151–52, 156, 228n31
Fishkin, Shelly Fisher, 11
Foley, Barbara, 125, 196–97n19, 198n28, 201n52, 210n83, 231n93
Foster, George, 174
Foucault, Michel, 234n19
Foundation for the Arts, Religion, and Culture, 101
Frankfurt School, 89
Fuller, Edmund, 173
Garrison, William Lloyd, 173–74
Garvey, Marcus, 224n59
Geertz, Clifford, 14, 133, 200n40
Geller, Stephen, 23
Gerrish, B. A., 203–4n79
Gerstenberger, Erhard S., 23–24, 202n62
Gilkey, Langdon, 73, 88, 91, 214n72
Glaude, Eddie, Jr., 183, 191, 233n11
Godless communism, 142, 155–56
Goodwin, W. A. R., 138
Gorky, Maxim, 21; as “Gorki,” 18
Graham, Billy, 156
Great Migration, 40–43, 47, 58, 62, 82, 205n4, 209n66
Grinnell College, 11
Groebner, Valentin, 179
Gulliver, 5
Gunn, Giles, 99
Haden, Robert, 216n17
Hardwick, Elizabeth, 164
Harlem, 18, 37, 39–68, 72, 92–93, 115, 165, 172, 195n12, 206n27
Harlem Renaissance, 37, 39–68, 205n8
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, 173
Harries, Karsten, 26
Harvard University, 63, 97, 215n73
Harvey, Marcus, 204n93
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 145, 149, 153–54, 156, 169–71, 231n93
Heraclitus, 81
hidden God (Deus absconditis), 26–27, 203n69, 204n81
Holmqvist, Caroline, 190
Homeland Security, Department of, 189
Howard University, 49, 51, 100, 207n38
Howe, Irving, 70, 72, 90, 114, 175, 181, 196n15, 212n6
Howell, John 184–85, 234n13, 234n16
Hughes, Langston, 3, 39, 60, 70, 83, 130, 205n1
Huie, William Bradford, 208n65
Human Stain, The, 1
Hurston, Zora Neale, 3, 37, 41, 49–55, 58–60, 62, 64–65, 67, 120–22, 206n35, 207n37, 207n38, 207n40, 207n41, 207n49, 207–08n51, 208n55, 208n61, 209n65; Dust Tracks on a Road, 207n40; Jonah’s Gourd Vine, 41, 49–51, 207n41; Letter to The Orlando Sentinel, 120; “Monkey Junk,” 58, 62; Moses, Man of the Mountain, 53; “Spunk,” 49; Their Eyes Were Watching God, 41, 49, 51–54, 206n35, 208n61
Hutchinson, Anne, 28–30, 204n86
Imhoff, Sarah, 220n17
invisibility, 1, 17–36, 84, 86–87, 91–93, 97, 109, 113, 116, 135, 142, 161–62, 164–65, 170, 172, 178, 179, 181, 183, 184, 186, 187, 188–90, 191, 204n79, 204n93, 224n59, 235n26
Invisible Man, 1, 4, 5; as secular novel, 3; early critics on, 5, 9
invisible theology, 8, 10, 16, 21, 24–25, 31, 35, 36, 38, 98, 116, 126, 149, 154, 170, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184–86, 192–93
irony, 1, 7, 12–15, 25, 30, 36, 38, 60, 62, 68, 72, 75–82, 86, 92, 97, 110–13, 125–27, 135, 140, 147, 148, 150, 152–5, 157, 159, 162–70, 173, 176–78, 181, 186–87, 189–93, 211n110, 216n5, 223n57, 229n43, 229n45, 230n46
Islamic State (“ISIS” or “ISIL”), 190, 235n26
Israel (ancient), 21–23, 189, 201n48
Jackson, Katherine Gauss, 5
Jackson, Lawrence P., 6, 195n11, 205n1, 211n2, 212n9, 215n74
Jacobs, Alan, 148
Jennings, Willie James, 41, 200–201n48
Jim Crow, 6–7, 42, 55–56, 81, 83, 86, 118–23, 125, 136, 220n22
Johnson, Bud, 184–85
Johnson, James Weldon, 206n29
Johnson, Lyndon B., 198
Johnson, Robert C., 101
Johnson, Samuel, 41, 43–45, 206n23, 208n61
Johnson, Sylvester, 234n20
Jordan, June, 207–8n51
Joyce, James, 70, 90, 143, 199n40; Ulysses, 199n40
Judaism, 13, 200n48; “emergent” Judaism, 22–23, 202n67
Juneteenth (holiday), 178; for the edition of Ellison’s second novel see Ellison, Ralph
Kahn, Louis, 217n19
Kennedy, John F., 225n69
Kennedy, Robert F., 110
kindoki, 33–36, 204n105. See also witchcraft
King, Coretta Scott, 221n34
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 110, 111, 112, 120, 123, 125, 127–33, 136, 139, 141, 198n34, 209n67, 211n4, 217n20, 219n48, 221n34, 222n35, 222n36, 222n37, 222n42, 223n47, 224n65, 224–25n68
Ku Klux Klan, 234n21
Lake Forest College, 106
Leigh, David J., 64
Lewis, R. W. B., 60, 101, 151, 153–60, 163, 177; The American Adam, 150–51, 154, 158, 168, 177, 227n26
Lincoln, Abraham, 129–30, 133–34, 178, 234n43
Little Rock, Arkansas, 122, 125
Locke, Alain, 37, 39, 41, 46–53, 55, 59–63, 83, 202n59, 205n1, 206n33, 207n38, 208n55, 210n91. See also New Negro, The
Long, Charles, 101, 105, 217n20, 218n35, 218–19n44, 223–24n59
Luther, Martin, 4, 26–27, 116, 161, 203n79, 204n81
lynching, 16, 104, 111, 155, 184–86
Malcolm X, 123, 125, 220n19, 224n59
Malraux, André, 90
Marty, Martin, 137, 139–40, 152–54, 157, 223n55
Massachusetts Bay Colony, 28–29, 82, 133, 227n22
Mayberry, George, 5
McBride, James, 232n104
McCollum, Ruby, 208–09n65
McKeon, Michael, 44
McPherson, James Alan, 130–32, 139
Mead, Margaret, 49
Medine, Carolyn, 113
Melville, Herman, 145, 149, 153–54, 156–72, 177, 230n56, 231n93; Benito Cereno, 157, 159, 166–68; Billy Budd, 157, 159, 163–64, 168; The Confidence-Man, 157, 158–59, 164–66; Moby-Dick, 147, 157, 158–62, 163, 168
Miller, Perry, 37, 71–72, 80–87, 150, 158
Milton, John, 148
Ming, William, 101
Modern, John Lardas, 3, 32, 35, 228n32
Modern Language Association (MLA), 105, 207n36
modernism, 40, 42, 48, 65, 114
modernity, 2–4, 17, 25, 27, 40, 41, 43, 47–48, 59, 67, 83, 99, 161, 179, 200n48, 203n76, 203n79, 234n19
Montaigne, Michel de, 26
Montgomery, Alabama, 125, 222n42
Montgomery, Maxine Lavon, 64
Muhammad, Elijah, 209n66
Mumford, Lewis, 229n43
Murray, Albert, 8, 63, 103, 171–72, 197n22, 197n23, 219n46, 219n64, 222n42, 226n2, 226n5
Myrdal, Gunnar, 202n57
Nadel, Alan, 144, 214n57, 229n43, 230n56, 231n83, 231n93
Nation of Islam, 209n66
National Security Agency (NSA), 187
Native Americans, 25–26, 31, 81
naturalism, literary and religious, 3, 6, 7, 14, 34, 70, 200n43, 215n3
Nazism. See Third Reich
Negro literature. See African American literature
Negro novel(ist)s. See African American literature
New Negro, The, 39, 42, 47–51, 55, 60–62, 64, 84, 202n59, 206n27, 206n29,
New York City, 18, 39, 42, 50, 55–56, 74, 89, 100, 102, 156, 164, 188, 201n52, 205n11, 222n34
New York University (NYU), 144, 146–47, 226n3, 226n8, 229n35
Niebuhr, H. Richard, 180–81, 193, 233n7
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 37, 71–80, 82–83, 89, 94, 100–03, 111, 155–56, 190, 203n76, 211n110, 212n8, 212n9, 212n11, 121n19, 214n72, 230n46
Niebuhr, Ursula, 212n9
Nixon, Richard, 225n69
Noll, Mark, 228n31, 228–29n33, 229n34
Obama, Barack, 37, 142, 182–86, 189, 223n8, 223n9, 235n27
original sin. See sin
Page, Inman, 121
particularity, 8–10, 11–14, 16–17, 26–27, 31, 33, 71, 74, 88–89, 91–92, 97, 114–16, 129, 131, 133, 136, 139, 150, 152, 168, 169, 175, 178, 180, 192, 195n12, 199–200n40, 200n41, 203n71, 224n59
Patriot Act, 187
Paul (of Tarsus), 19, 22, 36, 112, 129. For attributed writings see Bible: books referenced, New Testament
Payne, Charles M., 122–23
Perlstein, Rick, 198n34, 225n69
Plessy v. Ferguson, 7, 42, 118
pluribus, 22, 24, 32, 36, 112, 114, 136, 139–42, 202n71, 224n59. See also E Pluribus Unum; unum
Poe, Edgar Allan, 1
postracial, 37, 182–85, 191, 233n8, 233n9
preachers, 15, 50, 73, 85, 99, 102, 110, 115, 116, 125–28, 130, 156, 159–60, 165–66, 172, 217n27, 222n35, 222n37
preaching, 15, 99, 100, 116, 125, 128, 130, 156, 165
protest, 7, 110, 128–29, 155, 156, 181; fiction as protest, 6, 8–10, 70, 114, 197n24, 212n4
Protestant(ism), 15, 19, 71–72, 151–53, 179, 202n53, 203n79, 206n27, 228n32
Puritans: American, 4, 28–30, 81, 82, 85, 86, 87, 149, 150, 152, 153, 175, 201n49, 227n22; English, 25
Quarles, Benjamin, 101, 107–8, 109
Raboteau, Albert, 201n49
race: and epistemological “crisis of certainty,” 36, 39–41, 45, 47, 56, 58, 63, 65, 67–68; as political orthodoxy, 4, 54, 98; relationship to religion, 16–17, 20–21; religious and theological dimensions, 16–17; as secular concept, 2–5; as signal problem of American literature, 6, 12. See also Ellison, Ralph; invisible theology; sin
Rampersad, Arnold, 11, 31, 60, 124, 137, 138, 205n1, 216n7, 217n19, 222n35, 232n103
Randall, John Herman, 104
Razaf, Andy, 162
Reinhold Niebuhr Award, 101
religion, 12–17; Schleiermacher’s definition, 14, 199–200n40, 200n41; relationship to theology 16–17, 96, 102. See also Ellison, Ralph; race
religion and literature, 19, 101, 195n9, 216n10. See also theology: and literature
Remnick, David, 221n24
Republican National Convention (2012), 37, 182–85
Revelation, Book of, 65–66, 189
Revisionist westerns, 234n13
Revolutionary War (American Revolution), 149, 227n22
Rice, Herbert, 172
Richardson, Samuel, 44–46, 206n23; Pamela 44–46, 59, 208n61
Ricks, Willie, 224n68
Rivera, Alex, 189
Robeson, Paul, 83
Rochester, New York, 176–77
Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 138
Rockefeller, John D., III, 138
Roman Catholic Church, 13
Roman Empire, 13
Roth, Philip, 1
Rourke, Constance, 145
Rutgers University, 144, 226n8
Salinger, J. D., 229n44
Saunders, Laura, 14–16, 126, 200n46, 222n37
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 14, 33, 74, 89, 97–98, 114, 133, 168, 199–200n40, 200n41, 204n101, 215n75
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 141
Schreiner, Susan, 26–27, 203n79
Scott, Charlotte, 100, 102, 107, 216n16
Scott, Leslie, 102
Scott, Nathan A., Jr., 37, 95, 96–117, 118–19, 128, 131–32, 135, 141, 143, 148–49, 155, 157, 177, 211n4, 212n9, 216n5, 216n6, 216n7, 216n8, 216n10, 216n11, 216n16, 216n17, 216n18, 217n19, 218n30, 218n30, 218n33, 218n36, 218n44, 218n46, 219n48, 219n64, 221n34, 232n111; Albert Camus, 112; “Black Literature” (in Harvard Guide to Contemporary American Writing), 97; Craters of the Spirit, 113, “Ramble on a Road Not Taken,” 216n10, 216n18; Rehearsals of Discomposure, 94, 100; The Wild Prayer of Longing, 96, 102, 116,217n27; Works (as editor): The Climate of Faith in Modern Literature (editor), 96; The New Orpheus (editor), 96
secular, 1, 2–4, 8, 10, 18, 19, 20–21, 25, 31–32, 35, 41, 47–48, 65, 67–68, 71–72, 95, 99, 104, 116, 179–80, 184–85, 187, 191–92, 195n9, 215n3
secularism, 4, 32, 185, 191–92, 228n32, 234n18
secularization, 59, 99, 103, 150, 202n59, 206n29, 215n3
Selma, Alabama, 110, 125, 219n48
September 11 attacks, 179, 187
Shakespeare, William, 4, 18, 21, 26–27, 43, 90, 161, 203n79
Sholokhov, Mikhail, 18
sin, 15, 79–80, 99, 111, 144–78, 228n31, 228n32, 228–29n33; original sin, 148–49, 151–52, 154, 156–58, 170, 175; race and/or slavery as American original sin, 37, 77, 111, 117, 147, 148–49, 150, 153, 159, 166, 175, 177, 227n22
social science, 2, 4, 8, 10, 20, 21, 31, 35, 48, 50, 59, 73, 74, 75, 94, 181, 192, 193, 197n22, 200n40, 202n57, 212n8
Society of Arts, Religion, and Contemporary Culture, 101, 217n19
Sollors, Werner, 207n37, 208n51, 210n93
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 110, 127, 131
Southern Illinois University, 11
Soviet Union, 75
Snowden, Edward, 187
Sprague, Morteza, 118, 120, 121, 125
St. James Cathedral (Chicago), 100, 110
Stephens, Gregory, 172
Stout, Jeffrey, 200n43
surveillance, 182, 187, 232n19
Tampa, Florida, 183
Tate, Nahum, 208n61
Taylor, Charles, 3, 32, 34, 35
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, 102, 217n28
theology, 20, 83, 88–89, 192, 200–201n48; biblical theology, 22; crisis theology, 73; and culture, 88–90, 218n30; “good” and “bad” theology, 35, 204n107; and history, 72, 74; Israelite, 189; and literature, 37, 72, 87, 95, 102; modern theology, 96, 102; political theology, 36; Protestant, 151; relationship with religion/religious studies, 16–17, 96, 192. See also invisible theology
Thoreau, Henry David, 145, 171–72
Tillich, Paul, 14, 37, 71–72, 87–94, 99–100, 103, 214n72, 215n73, 215n74, 215n82, 216n8, 217n19, 218n30
Time (magazine), 99, 103, 198n37, 212n9, 213n23
Tolson, Melvin, 105
Tulsa, Oklahoma, 213n35
Turner, Nat, 224n59
Tuskegee Institute, 8, 39, 62, 85, 121, 144, 145
Twain, Mark, 70, 143, 145, 147, 149, 154, 171, 226n9, 231n93
Tweed, Thomas, 205n4
ultimate concern, 87–90, 215n82
Ulysses. See Joyce, James
Ulysses (character), 5, 69, 107
Union Theological Seminary, 89, 100
universal, 9–10, 8, 9–10, 12–14, 16–17, 23–24, 27, 33, 70–72, 74, 89, 91, 97, 114–15, 129, 133, 139, 150, 168–69, 178, 180, 192, 195n12, 198n28, 199–200n40, 200n41, 203n71
University of Chicago 37, 95, 99–102, 107, 144, 145, 215n73, 216n10, 226n7
University of Michigan, 100, 104
University of Virginia, 37, 107
unum, 22, 24, 32, 36, 112, 114, 136–42,202n71, 224n59. See also E Pluribus Unum; pluribus
Vesey, Denmark, 224n59
Virginia Union University, 100
Voting Rights Act (1965), 122, 131
Walker, David, 224n59
Wall Street Journal, 102
Wallace, Margaret, 50–51
“war on terror,” 37, 182, 187, 189–90
Warren, Kenneth, 69–72, 119, 122, 124, 183, 191, 197n21, 209n70, 220n22, 233n3
Washington, Booker T., 61–63, 72, 85, 210n93, 214n54
Washington, DC, 50, 125, 223n52; March on Washington, 125, 129, 132
Watt, Ian, 44
Weisenfeld, Judith, 205n12
Wells, H. G., 201n49
Wesleyan, 151
West, Hollie, 171
Western canon, 5, 8, 69, 95, 145
whiteness, 6, 14, 23–24, 27, 56–57, 120, 147–48, 161–62, 184, 197n26
WikiLeaks, 187
Williamsburg, Virginia,138–40, 225n76. See also Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (CWF)
Winthrop, John, 29, 82, 85–87, 133
Wire, The, 197n21
witchcraft 34, 35
Wolfe, Jesse, 212n9
Wood, Ralph, 105
World War I, 20, 42, 47, 73, 83, 86
World War II, 42, 73, 83, 137, 138, 154
Wright, Richard, 3, 6, 7, 18, 37, 49, 51, 52, 59, 60, 69–70, 72, 78, 82–83, 90, 98, 103, 114–15, 196n13, 198n18, 207–8n51, 208n55, 209n73, 214n59; Nathan Scott as foil for, 115; “Between Laughter and Tears,” 207n49; Black Boy, 78; “Blueprint for Negro Writing,” 51, 52; Ellison and, 7, 70, 72, 90, 115, 219n63; “The Man Who Lived Underground,” 214n59; Native Son, 7, 56, 58, 69–70, 90, 196n13, 196n18; Uncle Tom’s Children, 49, 51, 55
Yale Divinity School, 101
Yeats, William Butler, 110