The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Pain by Corns, Jennifer -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents List of illustrations List of contributors Acknowledgements Introduction: Pain research: where we are and why it matters

1 Controversy 2 Contents 3 Conclusion

SECTION I: The nature of pain – what is pain?

Part I-I: Modeling pain in philosophy

1. A brief and potted overview on the philosophical theories of pain

1 Representationalism 2 The phenomenology of pain 3 Eliminativism 4 Folk conceptions of pain Related topics Acknowledgements Notes References

2. Pain and representation

1 Introduction 2 Does pain have representational content? 3 The intentionalist view of pain 4 Conclusion Related topics Acknowledgements Notes References

3. Evaluativist accounts of pain’s unpleasantness

1 Locating evaluativism 2 Motivating evaluativism 3 Challenges Related topics Acknowledgements Notes References

4. Imperativism

1 Imperativism 2 Why imperativism? 3 Varieties of imperativism 4 Issues with imperativism 5 Future directions 6 Conclusion Related topics Notes References

5. Fault lines in familiar concepts of pain

1 The bodily disturbance model 2 The intensity objection 3 The central state model 4 A paradox and its resolution Related topics References

PART I-II: Modeling pain in neuroscience

6. Advances in the neuroscience of pain

1 Introduction 2 Conscious pain, subconscious nociception, and blindness to pain 3 Pain psychophysics obeys mathematical rules 4 Neural elements of nociception and acute pain 5 Cortical encoding of acute pain, in contrast to vision 6 Pain as emotion or sensation 7 Pain as salience 8 Chronic pain 9 Animal models, and peripheral and spinal cord reorganization 10 Malleability of the cortex with chronic pain 11 Predictability of chronic pain 12 Memory and chronic pain 13 Concluding remarks Related topics References

7. Neuromatrix theory of pain

1 Pain, nociception, neurosignatures, and the body–self neuromatrix 2 From neuron to voxels: a brief history of brain imaging of pain 3 From voxels to pain: reverse inference and the problem of pain specificity 4 From voxels to signatures: identifying the cerebral representation of pain Related topics References

8. A neurobiological view of pain as a homeostatic emotion

1 Introduction 2 The ascending homeostatic sensory pathway 3 Homeostatic sensory projections to the primate forebrain 4 Interoceptive integration in the insula underlies all subjective feelings 5 A sensorimotor architecture for emotion in the cortex 6 Pain is a homeostatic emotion 7 A theoretical model for the generation of feelings 8 Emotional pain in clinical patients 9 Abnormal activation in the anterior insula in depression 10 Emotional asymmetry, depression, and pain Related topics Notes References

9. A view of pain based on sensations, meanings, and emotions

1 Defining pain through a perspective of direct experience 2 Unique sensory qualities of pain 3 Exteroceptive and interoceptive functions of sensory qualities of pain 4 Immediate pain-related emotional feelings 5 Characteristics of pain-related emotions 6 Multisensory contributions to immediate pain unpleasantness 7 How do pain sensation and immediate pain unpleasantness/disturbance interact? 8 Suffering: extended pain-related emotions based on reflection/rumination 9 Neural processing of pain: types of nociceptive neurons and ascending pathways 10 Pain-related neurons involved in exteroceptive, interoceptive, sensory, and affective functions Related topics Further reading References

10. Pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic pain

1 Neuroplastic mechanisms of the central nervous system 2 Functional plasticity 3 Supraspinal functional plasticity 4 Structural plasticity 5 Conclusion Related topics References

Part I-III: Modeling pain in psychology

11. Psychological models of pain

1 Definition of pain 2 Neurophysiology of pain: the basis for psychological models 3 The behavioral model 4 Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral models 5 The Third Wave 6 Problems with evidence 7 Philosophical observations on pain 8 Conclusions Related topics: References

12. Biopsychosocial models of pain

1 The gate-control theory of pain 2 Biopsychosocial models 3 Clinical applications of biopsychosocial ideas 4 Conclusion and future directions Related topics References

13. Psychogenic pain: Old and new

1 Introduction 2 History of psychogenic pain concepts 3 Modern pain psychology 4 Role of psychological trauma in chronic pain 5 Physical and social pain arise from similar neurophysiological processes 6 Explaining pain without reference to psychogenic or somatogenic categories 7 Conclusion Related topics References

14. Pain, voluntary action, and the sense of agency

1 Self-administration of pain 2 Effects of voluntary movement and motor preparation on pain processing 3 Effects of control and predictability on pain processing 4 Pain and the sense of agency 5 Conclusions Related topics Acknowledgements Note References

SECTION II: Theoretical implications – why does pain matter, theoretically?

Part II-I: Pain in philosophy of mind

15. The lives of others: Pain in non-human animals

1 The problem of evidence across alternative taxonomic groups 2 Nociception in animals 3 Learning and emotion 4 The question of consciousness 5 Pain and animal welfare 6 Conclusion Related topics Acknowledgements Notes References

16. Robot pain

1 The problem of evidence across alternative taxonomic groups 2 Chinese rooms and the case against robot pain 3 Prosthetic neurons and the case for robot pains 4 Concluding comparative assessment Related topics Acknowledgements Notes References

17. Pain and consciousness

1 Introduction 2 Consciousness 3 Pain and consciousness 4 Relevant cases 5 Conclusion Related topics Acknowledgements References

18. Pain: Perception or introspection?

Related topics Acknowledgements Notes References

Part II-II: Pain in epistemology

19. Pain and rationality

1 Introduction 2 Motivational internalism: from reasons to pain? 3 Pain and justifying reasons Related topics Notes References

20. Pain and incorrigibility

1 Introduction 2 The incorrigible and the self-intimating 3 Consciousness 4 Pains-as-sensations versus pains-as-tissue-damage 5 An argument from the appearance/reality distinction 6 Sensations and beliefs 7 Pain as assessment-dependent 8 Pain as a complex phenomenon: implications for incorrigibility Related topics Acknowledgements Notes References

21. Can I see your pain? An evaluative model of pain perception

1 How direct? 2 The non-epistemic hypothesis of pain perception 3 The epistemic hypothesis of pain perception 4 The evaluative model of pain perception 5 Conclusion Related topics Notes References

22. Pain and cognitive penetrability

1 CP and perceptual experience – a general characterization 2 Cognitive penetrability and pain – an initial application 3 Cognitive penetrability and pain – implications Related topics Notes References

Part II-III: Pain in philosophy of religion

23. Sacred pain: The use of self-inflicted pain in religion

1 Introduction 2 Involuntary pain and suffering 3 Voluntary pain 4 The agent and the telos 5 Conclusion Related topics References

24. The role of pain in Buddhism: The conquest of suffering

1 The Four Noble Truths 2 A study of existential pain 3 The cause of suffering 4 Conclusion Related topics Further reading References

25. Pain and the divine

1 Introduction 2 On omnisubjectivity 3 Conclusion Related topics Notes References

26. The problem of pain in the philosophy of religion

1 Rowe’s formulation 2 Types of theistic responses 3 The soul-making theodicy 4 The comparative response illustrated 5 Theism and mental causation Related topics Notes Further reading References

SECTION III: Practical implications – why does pain matter, practically?

Part III-I: Pain in ethics

27. Bad by nature: An axiological theory of pain

1 Two dogmas about pain 2 The Axiological Theory of Pain 3 The ATP and the paradox of pain 4 Tackling Privacy 5 Tackling Self-Intimacy 6 Tackling Incorrigibility Related topics Acknowledgements Notes References

28. Psychological models of pain

1 Some inadequacies of the standard legal definition 2 The alternative definition 3 Some unsatisfactory alternatives Related topics Notes References

29. Pain and education

1 Pains of learning in teaching and parenting 2 The case of corporal punishment as a pain of learning 3 From corporal punishment to other educational pains 4 Justifiable and productive educational pains 5 Promoting productive responses to the pains of learning 6 Conclusion: why thinking about educational pain matters Related topics Notes References

30. Pain and justified evaluative belief

1 Pain Evaluativism 2 Two epistemologies 3 Pain Presentationalism 4 Pain Reliabilism 5 What evaluative content? 6 Moral pain Related topics Acknowledgements Notes References

Part III-II: Pain in medicine

31. An introduction to the IASP’s definition of pain

1 The need for a taxonomy 2 Taxonomic appropriateness 3 Clarity 4 Narrow Scope, Broad Scope and Brevity 5 Concluding remarks – the utility of the definition Related topics Notes References

32. Philosophy and “placebo” analgesia

1 Pain is in the brain 2 Placebos and pain 3 Active and inert treatments: what is the difference? 4 The classic experiment 5 Beyond pain 6 Colorful pills 7 Open–hidden experiments 8 Factors causing the placebo effect meaning response to vary: genes and/or gender 9 Some philosophical considerations 10 Discussion Related topics Acknowledgements Notes References

33. Pain management

1 Introduction 2 What is the aim of pain management? 3 Delivering optimal pain management 4 Measuring outcomes 5 Screening tools 6 Pharmacological strategies 7 Psychological strategies 8 Therapeutic neuroscience education 9 Operant learning theory: graded activity and pacing 10 Hypnosis 11 Physical, complementary and alternative medicine strategies 12 Training the brain 13 Surgical interventions and imaging 14 Self-management and virtual strategies Related topics References

Part III-III: Pain in ethics

34. Pain and the law

1 Introduction 2 “Pain and suffering” in the law of torts – semantics over substance 3 The politics of pain management: opioid analgesics for chronic non-cancer pain 4 Law and the pursuit of a peaceful death Related topics Notes References

35. Pain and controlled pain-relieving substances

1 Background 2 The legal framework of the pandemic 3 Ideological roots of the contemporary pandemic 4 A right to pain relief and palliative care 5 Conclusion Related topics Further reading References

36. Fetal pain and the law: Abortion laws and their relationship to ideas about pain and fetal pain

1 Early abortion laws 2 Early twentieth century 3 Later twentieth-century UK law reform 4 Later twentieth-century US law reform 5 Fetal pain science 6 The neural structures necessary for pain 7 Fetal pain laws in the US 8 Fetal pain laws in the UK 9 Can science resolve the issue of abortion? Related topics References

37. Pain, mental suffering and physician-assisted death

1 2 3 4 Conclusion Related topics Notes References

Index

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