Mastering C++ Multithreading by Posch, Maya -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page Copyright

Mastering C++ Multithreading

Credits About the Author About the Reviewer www.PacktPub.com

Why subscribe?

Customer Feedback Preface

What this book covers What you need for this book Who this book is for Conventions Reader feedback

Downloading the example code Errata Piracy Questions

Revisiting Multithreading

Getting started The multithreaded application

Makefile

Other applications Summary

Multithreading Implementation on the Processor and OS

Defining processes and threads

Tasks in x86 (32-bit and 64-bit) Process state in ARM

The stack Defining multithreading

Flynn's taxonomy Symmetric versus asymmetric multiprocessing Loosely and tightly coupled multiprocessing Combining multiprocessing with multithreading Multithreading types

Temporal multithreading Simultaneous multithreading (SMT)

Schedulers Tracing the demo application Mutual exclusion implementations

Hardware Software

Summary

C++ Multithreading APIs

API overview POSIX threads

Windows support PThreads thread management Mutexes Condition variables Synchronization Semaphores Thread local storage (TLC)

Windows threads

Thread management Advanced management Synchronization Condition variables Thread local storage

Boost Qt

QThread Thread pools Synchronization QtConcurrent Thread local storage

POCO

Thread class Thread pool Thread local storage (TLS) Synchronization

C++ threads Putting it together Summary

Thread Synchronization and Communication

Safety first The scheduler

High-level view Implementation

Request class Worker class

Dispatcher Makefile Output

Sharing data

Using r/w-locks Using shared pointers

Summary

Native C++ Threads and Primitives

The STL threading API

Boost.Thread API

The 2011 standard C++14 C++17 STL organization Thread class

Basic use Passing parameters Return value Moving threads Thread ID Sleeping Yield Detach Swap

Mutex

Basic use

Non-blocking locking

Timed mutex Lock guard Unique lock Scoped lock Recursive mutex Recursive timed mutex

Shared mutex

Shared timed mutex

Condition variable

Condition_variable_any Notify all at thread exit

Future

Promise

Shared future

Packaged_task Async

Launch policy

Atomics Summary

Debugging Multithreaded Code

When to start debugging The humble debugger

GDB Debugging multithreaded code Breakpoints Back traces

Dynamic analysis tools

Limitations Alternatives Memcheck

Basic use Error types

Illegal read / illegal write errors Use of uninitialized values Uninitialized or unaddressable system call values Illegal frees Mismatched deallocation Overlapping source and destination Fishy argument values Memory leak detection

Helgrind

Basic use

Misuse of the pthreads API Lock order problems Data races DRD Basic use Features C++11 threads support

Summary

Best Practices

Proper multithreading Wrongful expectations - deadlocks Being careless - data races Mutexes aren't magic Locks are fancy mutexes Threads versus the future Static order of initialization Summary

Atomic Operations - Working with the Hardware

Atomic operations

Visual C++ GCC

Memory order

Other compilers C++11 atomics Example Non-class functions Example Atomic flag Memory order

Relaxed ordering Release-acquire ordering Release-consume ordering Sequentially-consistent ordering Volatile keyword

Summary

Multithreading with Distributed Computing

Distributed computing, in a nutshell

MPI

Implementations Using MPI

Compiling MPI applications The cluster hardware

Installing Open MPI

Linux and BSDs Windows

Distributing jobs across nodes

Setting up an MPI node Creating the MPI host file Running the job Using a cluster scheduler

MPI communication

MPI data types

Custom types

Basic communication Advanced communication Broadcasting Scattering and gathering

MPI versus threads Potential issues Summary

Multithreading with GPGPU

The GPGPU processing model

Implementations OpenCL Common OpenCL applications OpenCL versions

OpenCL 1.0 OpenCL 1.1 OpenCL 1.2 OpenCL 2.0 OpenCL 2.1 OpenCL 2.2

Setting up a development environment

Linux Windows OS X/MacOS

A basic OpenCL application GPU memory management GPGPU and multithreading

Latency

Potential issues Debugging GPGPU applications Summary

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