Group Dynamics for Teams by Levi, Daniel J. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Copyright Brief Contents Detailed Contents Acknowledgments Introduction PART I: CHARACTERISTICS OF TEAMS

Chapter 1. Understanding Teams

Learning Objectives 1.1 Defining Groups and Teams 1.2 Purposes and Types of Teams

How Teams Are Used by Organizations Classifying Teams

1.3 Why Organizations Use Teams

Job Characteristics Organizational Characteristics

1.4 History of Teams and Group Dynamics

Foundations of Teamwork Foundations of Group Dynamics

Leading Virtual Teams: Virtual Meetings and Virtual Collaboration—Selecting Technologies to Use for your Team Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 1 Survey: Attitudes Toward Teamwork Activity: Working in Teams

Chapter 2. Defining Team Success

Learning Objectives 2.1 Nature of Team Success

Completing the Task Developing Social Relations Benefiting the Individual

2.2 Conditions for Team Success

Group Composition Characteristics of the Task Group Process Organizational Context

2.3 Characteristics of Successful Teams 2.4 Using Teams in the Workplace

Benefits of Teamwork Problems of Teamwork Teams as a Fad

Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 2 Activity: Understanding Team Success

PART II: PROCESSES OF TEAMWORK

Chapter 3. Team Beginnings

Learning Objectives 3.1 Stages of Teamwork

Group Development Perspective Project Development Perspective Cyclical Perspective Implications of Team Development Stages

3.2 Group Socialization 3.3 Team Goals

Value and Characteristics of Goals Hidden Agendas

3.4 Group Norms

How Norms Are Formed Impact of Group Norms

3.5 Application: Jump-Starting Project Teams

Team Warm-Ups Project Definitions and Planning Team Contract

Leading Virtual Teams: Starting a Virtual Team Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 3 Activity: Observing Team Norms Activity: Developing a Team Contract

Chapter 4. Understanding the Basic Team Processes

Learning Objectives 4.1 Motivation

Social Loafing Increasing Group Motivation

4.2 Group Cohesion

How Cohesion Affects the Group’s Performance Building Group Cohesion

4.3 Team Roles

Role Problems Types of Team Meeting Roles

4.4 Task and Social Behaviors

Value of Social Behaviors

4.5 Team Adaptation and Learning

Using Feedback Group Process Observations

Leading Virtual Teams: Motivating Participation in Virtual Meetings Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 4 Activity: Observing Task and Social Behaviors

Chapter 5. Cooperation and Competition

Learning Objectives 5.1 Teamwork as a Mixed-Motive Situation 5.2 Why Are People in Teams Competitive?

Culture Personality Organizational Rewards

5.3 Problems With Competition

Communication and Goal Confusion Intergroup Competition When Is Competition Appropriate?

5.4 Benefits of and Problems With Cooperation

Benefits of Cooperation Problems With Cooperation Competitive Versus Cooperative Rewards

5.5 Application: Encouraging Cooperation

Common Goals Rebuilding Trust and Communication Negotiating Cooperation

Leading Virtual Teams: Building Trust and Social Relationships Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 5 Survey: Cooperative, Competitive, or Individualistic Orientation Activity: Understanding Competitive Versus Cooperative Goals

Chapter 6. Communication

Learning Objectives 6.1 Communication Process

Sender Receiver Message Communication Within Teams

6.2 Flow of a Team’s Communications

Communication Climates Psychological Safety Processing Information Within the Team Building Trust

6.3 Emotional Intelligence 6.4 Facilitating Team Meetings 6.5 Communication Skills for Team Meetings Leading Virtual Teams: Running Virtual Meetings to Ensure Everyone Is Following the Agenda and People Arrive at the Same Understanding Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 6 Survey: Team Emotional Intelligence Activity: Observing Communication Patterns in a Team

PART III: ISSUES TEAMS FACE

Chapter 7. Managing Conflict

Learning Objectives 7.1 Conflict Is Normal 7.2 Sources of Conflict 7.3 Impact of Conflict

Benefits of and Problems With Conflict Conflict in Work Teams

7.4 Conflict Resolution Approaches

Two Dimensions of Conflict Comparing Different Approaches to Conflict Resolution

7.5 Managing Team Conflicts

Preparing for Conflicts Facilitating Conflicts Negotiating Conflicts

Leading Virtual Teams: Reducing Conflict and Developing Collaboration Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 7 Survey: Conflict Resolution Styles Activity: Observing Conflict Resolution Styles

Chapter 8. Power and Social Influence

Learning Objectives 8.1 Definitions of Power and Social Influence

Conformity Obedience

8.2 Types of Power

Bases of Power Influence Tactics

8.3 Power Dynamics

Status and the Corrupting Effect of Power Unequal Power in a Team Minority Influence Impact of Interdependence

8.4 Empowerment

Degrees of Empowerment Programs Successful Empowerment Programs

8.5 Application: Acting Assertively

Power Styles Use of Power Styles Encouraging Assertiveness

Leading Virtual Teams: Ensuring Dissenting Voices Are Heard and Empowering the Team Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 8 Activity: Using Power Styles—Passive, Aggressive, and Assertive

Chapter 9. Decision Making

Learning Objectives 9.1 Value of Group Decision Making

Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Decision Making When Are Group Decisions Superior to Individual Decisions?

9.2 Approaches to Group Decision Making

Evaluating Group Decision-Making Approaches Normative Decision-Making Theory

9.3 Decision-Making Problems

Causes of Group Decision-Making Problems Group Polarization Groupthink

9.4 Decision-Making Techniques

Nominal Group Technique Delphi Technique Ringi Technique Evaluation of Decision-Making Techniques

9.5 Application: Consensus Decision Making Leading Virtual Teams: Encouraging Agreement on a Decision Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 9 Activity: Making Consensus Decisions Activity: Group Versus Individual Decision Making

Chapter 10. Leadership

Learning Objectives 10.1 Alternative Designs of Leadership for Teams

Characteristics of Team Leadership Leader Emergence

10.2 Approaches to Leadership

Trait or Personality Approach Behavioral Approach Situational Approach Contingency Approach

10.3 Situational Leadership Theory 10.4 Self-Managing Teams

Leading Self-Managing Teams Motivating Self-Managing Teams Success of Self-Managing Teams

10.5 Application: The Functional Approach to Leading Teams

Providing a Context for Teams Facilitating Internal Operations Team Coaching

Leading Virtual Teams: New Approaches to Leadership in Virtual Teams Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 10 Survey: Leadership Styles Activity: Observing the Leader’s Behavior

Chapter 11. Problem Solving

Learning Objectives 11.1 Approaches to Problem Solving 11.2 Descriptive Approach: How Teams Solve Problems 11.3 Functional Approach: Advice on Improving Team Problem Solving

Factors That Improve Team Problem Solving Factors That Hurt Team Problem Solving

11.4 Prescriptive Approach: Rational Problem-Solving Model

Problem Recognition, Definition, and Analysis Generating Alternatives and Selecting a Solution Implementation and Evaluation

11.5 Problem-Solving Teams 11.6 Application: Problem-Solving Techniques for Teams

Problem Analysis Criteria Matrix Action Plans Force Field Analysis

Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 11 Activity: Using Problem-Solving Techniques

Chapter 12. Creativity

Learning Objectives 12.1 Creativity and Its Characteristics 12.2 Individual Creativity 12.3 Group Creativity

Problems With Group Creativity Brainstorming Strengths of Group Creativity

12.4 Organizational Environment and Creativity 12.5 Application: Group Creativity Techniques

Brainstorming Nominal Group Technique and Brainwriting Selecting a Solution Multiple-Stage Creativity Approaches

Leading Virtual Teams: Virtual Creativity Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 12 Activity: Comparing Different Creativity Techniques

Chapter 13. Diversity

Learning Objectives 13.1 The Nature of Diversity

Why Diversity Is Important Now Types of Diversity How Diversity Affects a Team

13.2 Causes of Diversity Problems

Diversity as a Cognitive Process Team Leader Diversity as a Social Process

13.3 Problems of Diversity

Misperception Emotional Distrust Failure to Use Team Resources

13.4 Effects of Diversity

Research on the Effects of Diversity on Teams Cross-Functional Teams

13.5 Application: Creating a Context to Support Diversity

Increasing Awareness Improving Group Process Skills Creating a Safe Environment Improving Organizational Issues

Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 13 Survey: Attitudes Toward Diversity Activity: Understanding Gender and Status Differences in a Team

PART IV: ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT OF TEAMS

Chapter 14. Team, Organizational, and International Culture

Learning Objectives 14.1 Team Culture 14.2 Defining Organizational Culture 14.3 Organizational Culture and Teamwork 14.4 Dimensions of International Culture

Individualism Versus Collectivism Power and Status Uncertainty and Risk Avoidance Comparing the United States and Japan

14.5 International Differences in Teamwork 14.6 Transnational Teams

Characteristics of Transnational Teams Creating Effective Transnational Teams

Leading Virtual Teams: Dealing With Cultural Issues Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 14 Survey: Individualism–Collectivism Activity: Evaluating a Team’s Culture and Cultural Context

Chapter 15. Virtual Teamwork

Learning Objectives 15.1 Use of Communication Technologies

Communication Technologies and Teams Characteristics of Communication Technologies

15.2 Communication Impacts

Status Differences Anonymity Miscommunication Communication Norms

15.3 Team Impacts

Task Performance in Virtual Teams Decision Making Social Relations

15.4 Selecting the Right Technology

Factors to Consider When Selecting Technology Matching Technology to the Team and Task

15.5 Challenge of Virtual Teams

Team Building in Virtual Teams Future of Virtual Teams

Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 15 Activity: Developing Netiquette for Virtual Teams Activity: Experiencing Teamwork in a Simulated Virtual Team

Chapter 16. Evaluating and Rewarding Teams

Learning Objectives 16.1 Team Performance Evaluations

Types of Evaluations Types of Measures Participation in the Evaluation Process Problems and Biases With Team Evaluations

16.2 Reward Systems

Types of Approach Hybrid Approaches

16.3 Rewarding Individual Team Members

Changing Base Pay Skill-Based Pay

16.4 Team and Organizational Reward Programs

Team Recognition Programs Organizational Rewards

16.5 Relationship of Rewards to Types of Teams

Types of Teams Linking Rewards to Type of Team

Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 16 Survey: Individual Versus Team Rewards Activity: Evaluating and Rewarding a Project Team

Chapter 17. Team Building and Team Training

Learning Objectives 17.1 What Is Team Building?

Organizational Context of Team Building Evaluating Team-Building Programs

17.2 Does Your Team Need Team Building? 17.3 Types of Team-Building Programs

Goal Setting Role Clarification Interpersonal Process Skills Cohesion Building Problem Solving

17.4 Team Training

Training the Team Together Planning for the Transfer of Training

17.5 Types of Training

Team Resource Management Training Cross-Training and Interpositional Training Action Learning

Summary Team Leader’s Challenge 17 Activity: Team Building Activity: Appreciative Inquiry of Teamwork

Appendix: Guide to Student Team Projects

A.1 Starting the Team A.2 Planning and Developing the Project A.3 Monitoring the Project and Maintaining Teamwork A.4 Performing Group Writing A.5 Wrapping Up and Completing the Project

References Index About the Author

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