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Index
De Gruyter Studies in Mathematical Physics
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
The most beautiful physical theory
Astrophysical black holes
1 Introduction
2 A brief history of astrophysical black holes
2.1 Early history
2.2 The Schwarzschild metric
3 Relativistic astrophysics emerges
3.1 Rotating black holes
3.2 Black holes as energy sources
3.3 Motion in the Schwarzschild metric
3.4 Circular orbits
3.5 Stability of circular orbits
4 Evidence from X-rays, quasars and AGN
5 The black hole at the centre of the Milky Way
5.1 Sgr A*
5.2 GR effects on orbits
5.2.1 Orbital precession
6 Galaxies and black holes
6.1 AGN feedback
6.2 Jets, Gamma-Ray Bursts and the birth of black holes
7 Current observations of accreting black holes
7.1 Particle motion in the Kerr metric
7.2 Current observations of accreting black holes continued
7.3 Velocities and frequencies
7.4 Further AGN properties
8 Measurements of the masses of black holes
9 Measurements of black hole spin
9.1 Equations for photon motion and redshift
9.2 Light bending around a Kerr black hole
9.3 Iron line emission
10 Future observations of astrophysical black holes
11 More general spherically symmetric black holes
12 Primordial black holes
12.1 Hawking radiation
12.2 Link with surface gravity
12.3 Astrophysical aspects of black hole evaporation
12.4 Black hole entropy
12.5 Laws of black hole thermodynamics and the Penrose process
12.6 Adiabatic (reversible) changes
12.7 Other processes for extracting energy from a spinning black hole
13 Conclusions
Bibliography
Observations of General Relativity at strong and weak limits
1 Introduction
2 Tests in the solar system and binary systems
2.1 Orbit precession
2.2 Gravitational waves
2.3 Lense–Thirring effect and relativistic spin-orbit coupling
2.4 Bending of light rays and gravitational redshift
2.5 Massive spinning black hole test
3 Observational discovery of a non-zero cosmological constant (dark energy)
4 Weak limit test near zero gravity surface
4.1 Dark energy antigravity as a test of General Relativity
4.2 Local dark energy test via outflow
4.3 Dynamical structure of a gravitating system within dark energy
5 Estimating cosmologically nearby dark energy: the Local Group
6 Mass, dark energy density and the lost gravity effect
7 Dark energy in the Coma Cluster of galaxies
8 Testing the constancy of Λ
9 Strong limit: Spinning black holes and no-hair theorem
10 OJ287 binary system
10.1 The binary model
10.2 OJ287 flares and jet
10.3 OJ287 orbit parameters (without using outburst times)
11 Modeling binaries with Post Newtonian methods (with outburst times)
12 OJ287 results at the strong field limit
13 Conclusions
14 Appended section; mass, dark energy density and the “lost gravity” effect
15 Appended section: dark energy in the Coma cluster of galaxies
15.1 Three mass estimates of the cluster
15.2 Matter mass profile
15.3 Upper limits and beyond
16 Appended section: modeling binaries with Post Newtonian methods
Bibliography
General Relativity and dragging of inertial frames
1 Frame-dragging: the theory
1.1 Dragging of inertial frames and the origin of inertia
1.2 Dragging of inertial frames and the gravitomagnetic analogy
1.3 The gravitomagnetic formal analogy of General Relativity with electrodynamics
1.4 Dragging of inertial frames inside a hollow sphere
1.5 Frame-dragging phenomena on clocks and photons
1.6 Frame-dragging, time-delay and gravitational lensing
1.6.1 Time-delay inside a slowly rotating massive shell
1.7 [An invariant characterisation of frame-dragging]
2 The need to further test General Relativity
2.1 The universe and the triumph General Relativity
2.2 The riddle of dark energy and dark matter
2.3 Unified theories, alternative gravitational theories and some limits of General Relativity
2.4 [Frame-dragging, Chern–Simons gravity and String theory]
3 The holy grail of experimental General Relativity and its observation with the LAGEOS satellites and Gravity Probe-B
4 The LARES space experiment
4.1 The LARES satellite, its structure and its orbit
4.2 The LARES satellite, General Relativity and geodesic motion
4.3 The LARES satellite and its preliminary orbital results
4.4 [LARES error analyses]
5 Conclusions
Bibliography
GNSS and other applications of General Relativity
1 Introduction
2 Relativity principles
3 Astronomical and geocentric time scales
4 Earth-based time scales TT, TAI, UTC
5 Gravitational frequency shifts
6 Sagnac effect; realizing coordinate time
7 Relativistic effects on orbiting clocks
8 The eccentricity effect
9 Navigation on the rotating earth
10 Emission coordinates
11 JUNO and other missions
12 Summary
Bibliography
The strange world of quantum spacetime
1 A world with no space
2 A world without time
3 Loop gravity
4 Quantum spacetime
5 Empirical evidence
Bibliography
Index
List of contributors
De Gruyter Studies in Mathematical Physics
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