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Index
THE ABOLITION OF FEUDALISM
PEASANTS, LORDS, AND LEGISLATORS IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES AND MAPS
LIST OF TABLES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION: GRIEVANCES, INSURRECTIONS, LEGISLATION
CHAPTER 2
SEIGNEURIAL RIGHTS ON THE REVOLUTIONARY AGENDA
The Cahiers de Doléances
Coding the Cahiers
The Rural World of Burdens
Faces of the Seigneurial Regime
Peasants: Still More Burdens
Nobility: Honor
Third Estate: Freedom of the Market
Seigneurial Rights in the Cahiers: Peasant Burdens, Third Estate Market Freedom, Noble Silence and Honor
CHAPTER 3
THREE REVOLUTIONARY PROGRAMS
Openness to Change
Ways of Changing and Ways of Keeping
To Abolish or to Maintain
Peasant and Third Estate Radicalism
Noble Conservatism
Noble Defense and Third Estate Attack
Indemnification
What Can be Reformed--and How?
Taxation: Services and Equity
Lord and Church: The Irrelevance of Equity
On Seigneurial Courts (and Other Objects of Rural Reform)
How to Reform the Lord's Amusements
Hunting Rights
Pigeons, Rabbits, Fish
Hunting Rights and Other Seigneurial Pleasures
Periodic Payments and Mutation Rights
A Note on the Ideological Rationale for Reform
Reforming Nobles: How Elite Reforms Differ
Peasants and Nobles Protect Themselves; The Third Estate Opts for Lawsuits
A National Dialogue
Peasants Assess Their Burdens
Unstructured Resentment
Parochialism
Seigneurial Rights and Public Service
Conclusions
CHAPTER 4
ON THE IDEOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE SEIGNEURIAL REGIME BY THE THIRD ESTATE (AND OF TWO SEIGNEURIAL REGIMES BY THE NOBILITY)
The Unity of the Seigneurial Regime
The Seigneurial Regime as a Financial Burden
Church Exactions
Taxation
Looking Downstream: August 4, 1789
Tithe, Benefice, Payments to Rome
Tax Privileges
Guilds, Pensions, Venality of Office
Career Opportunities
Judicial Expense
Conclusions
The Society of Privilege
Communal Rights
Economic Development
Agriculture
Industry, Commerce, Finance
Further Explorations
Honor and Income: The Two Seigneurial Regimes of the Nobility
Two Kinds of Rights
Two Webs of Association
The Third Estate Considers the Seigneurial Regime
CHAPTER 5
FORMS OF REVOLT: THE FRENCH COUNTRYSIDE, 1788-1793
Defining an Event
Temporal Boundaries
Sources
Actions, Events, Types of Events
Biases
Moving Beyond the Biases of the Sample
Forms of Revolt
Antiseigneurial Events
Incidents with a Religious Aspect
Anti-tax Events
Attacks on Authorities
Subsistence Events
Wage Conflicts
Land Conflicts
Counterrevolution
Panics
Recapitulation
Rural Revolt, 1788-1793
CHAPTER 6
RHYTHMS OF CONTENTION
Peaks and Troughs
Eight Trajectories
Different Targets, Different Rhythms
Peak Times and Quiet Times
Peak Episodes Day by Day
Rhythms
Microrhythms: The Weekly Cycle
Excursus on Innovation in Struggle
Annual Rhythms
Further Observations
CHAPTER 7
TRACKING INSURRECTION THROUGHTIME AND SPACE
How France's Regions Had Different Rural Revolutions (and What They Had in Common)
Time and Space
Was the West a Different World?
Northern France Falls Quiet
Local Contexts and Forms of Revolt in the Summer of 1789
France as a Laboratory
The Misery Thesis
Involvement in Markets and Struggles over Food Supply
State, Market, and Insurrection in Summer 1789
Literacy
Forms of Solidarity: Communal Ties and the Propensity to Revolt
Land-use: Cereals, Pasturage, Viticulture, Woodlands, Waste
Labor Migration
What Sorts of Places Had Revolts in the Summer of 1789?
Beyond the Breakdown
Antiseigneurialism: Changing Contexts
Five Years of Rural Revolt
Market and State as Contexts of Revolt: Summing Up
Methodological Autocritique
A Collection of Explanations and How to Sort Through Them
Unity and Diversity in Revolt
Center, Periphery, Peripheries
Tracking the Rural Revolution through Time and Space
CHAPTER 8
REVOLUTIONARY PEASANTS AND REVOLUTIONARY LEGISLATORS
The "Eternally Celebrated" Night of August 4
Legislators Talk About Rural Revolt
What Do You Do After You Have Totally Abolished Feudalism?
How the War Revolutionized the Revolution: Seigneurial Rights Abroad and At Home
Parallels and Contrasts
Legislators Deal with the Tithe
The Battle for Land: Divided Communities and Division of the Commons
Legislative Silence: Agricultural Labor
Legislators Respond to Peasants
Peasants Respond to Legislators
Peasants, Legislators, and the Boundary of State Action
A Peasant-Bourgeois Alliance
CHAPTER 9
WORDS AND THINGS: THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY BOURGEOISIE DEFINES THE FEUDAL REGIME
From Fiefs to Epochs: A Word Expands
Lawyers Make Distinctions: A Word Contracts
A Feudal-Modern Mélange
Traditional Claims and Modern Purposes (or Using the Old to Obtain the New)
Defending Old Rights with New Ideas (or Using the New to Maintain the Old)
Merlin Defines the Feudal Regime
Merlin's Reasoning and Noble Ideology
Legislators Maintain a Broad Definition and a Narrow One; Peasants Misunderstand
Monarchy
The Rupture
A Cultural Legacy
CHAPTER 10
CONCLUSION: FROM GRIEVANCES TO REVOLUTION
A Serf Meets Legislators
A Peasant-Bourgeois Alliance
Recapitulation
Elites and Plebeians
Did It Matter?
Was There Only a Popular Revolution? A Note on a Thesis of Cobban
Speaking
An Emerging Political Profession
APPENDIX: SOURCES FOR PEASANT INSURRECTION DATA
REFERENCES
INDEX
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