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Index
Cover
Half Title Page
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contributors
Preface
Introduction Europe in Agony, 1900–1945
Part I: Continuity and Change; Forces and Movements
Chapter One: Urbanization, Poverty, and Crime
Urbanization and the “Metropolis”
Poverty, Welfare, and Eugenics
Crime and Policing
Conclusion
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Two: The Revolution in Science
Ideas
The Scientific Enterprise
Impact and Implications
Conclusion
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Three: Feminism: Women, Work, and Politics
Women’s Suffrage
Feminism, Peace, and War
Work, Family, and Politics in the Interwar Years
Conclusion
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Four: Modernism
The Perceptual Revolution
The Early Avant-Garde
From Radical Avant-Garde to the New Sobriety
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Five: The Cult of Youth
Against Degeneration
Realm of Youth or Rebellion of Youth?
The “Youthful Face of War”
Youth in Movement: The Cult of the Body
Youth and Fascism: “The Mission of the Young Generation?”
Conclusion
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Six: Sexuality and the Psyche
Making the Modern Sexual Subject
New Solutions to Ancient Afflictions
Birth and Breeding
Changing Lives
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Seven: The Economy
European Economic Performance 1900–1945
Enterprises and Economic Performance
Conclusion
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Part II: Before the Deluge
Chapter Eight: Europe’s World: Power, Empire, and Colonialism
Modernization and Globalization
Imperialism and Politics
Colonial Reform
Imperialism and Identity
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Nine: Social Reform or Social Revolution?
The “Admirable Century” and Origins of the War
Marxism and the Workers’ Movements
Sources of Worker Consciousness
Whence Post-1945 Europe?
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Ten: Modernity: Approaching the Twentieth Century
Literature
The Visual Arts
Performing Arts
Ideas
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Eleven: Politics: The Past and the Future
Russia: Autocracy and Democracy
Britain: Liberalism and Discontent
Germany: Kaiser and People
Austria-Hungary: Dualism and the Nationalities
France: Republicanism and Socialism
Conclusion
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Twelve: The Coming of War, 1914
Long-Term and Short-Term Causes of World War I
The July Crisis and the Outbreak of War
Conclusion: The Debate on the Origins of World War I
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Part III: World War I
Chapter Thirteen: August 1914: Public Opinion and the Crisis
Perceptions of War
War Aims
Responses
Conclusion
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Fourteen: The War in the Trenches
Capturing Prisoners of War
Shell Shock: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Execution of Serving Officers and Soldiers
Self-Inflicted Wounds
Fraternization with the Enemy
Trench Raids
Conclusion
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Fifteen: The War from Above: Aims, Strategy, and Diplomacy
War Aims
Strategy
Diplomacy
The Turning Point: November 1917–November 1918
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Sixteen: The War and Revolution
Revolutions in the Russian Empire
Revolutions in the Habsburg Empire
Revolution in the German Empire
Conclusion
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Part IV: The Aftermath of War
Chapter Seventeen: Peacemaking after World War I
Attitudes to the Settlement
The Longer View
Organizing Peace?
Peace Conference Structures
An Overview
National self-determination
The League of Nations
Reparations
Conclusion
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Eighteen: Demobilization and Discontent
The War
Postwar Problems
Veterans
Conclusions
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Nineteen: The Socialist Experiment
The Experiment Outlined
The Experiment in the Civil War Years (1918–1921)
The Experiment During the NEP (1921–1928)
The Experiment Redefined (1928–1932)
The Experiment Institutionalized
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Twenty: The Fascist Challenge
The New Europe
Italy and the First Fascist Challenge
The Wider Challenge of Right-Wing Authoritarianism
The Real Fascist Challenge: The Second Wave of the 1930s
Conclusion
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-One: Revisionism
Revisionism Among the Victors
Revisionism Among the Vanquished
Treaty Revision Begins: Locarno, 1925
German Threats, Allied Appeasement
Conclusion
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Part V: The New Age
Chapter Twenty-Two: The Jazz Age
Elements of Popular Culture
“Americanization”: Music and the Movies
Media and the Masses
Spectators and Participants
Music and the Public Realm
Reading Popular Culture in the Jazz Age
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-Three: The Nazi New Society
Economic Reality: Productivity, Income Distribution, and Property Ownership
Class, Mobility, Gender, and Race
A German Identity?
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-Four: The Popular Front
Mass Politics in 1930s Europe
The Origins of the Popular Front
The Popular Front in Practice: France and Spain, 1935–1936
Conclusions: Decline of the Popular Front, 1937–1939
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-Five: The Strategic Revolution
Armies and Land Warfare
Air Forces
Naval Warfare
Conclusion
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-Six: Hitler and the Origins of World War II
Nazi Foreign Policy
Appeasement
The Soviet Dilemma
The Outbreak of War
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Part VI: World War II
Chapter Twenty-Seven: Grand Strategy and Summit Diplomacy
The Grand Alliance that Never Was
The “Phoney War”
The Fall of France
Keep Buggering On
War in the East
“We’re all in it now”
Where is the Second Front?
Teheran
War, War, Not Jaw, Jaw
Moscow and Yalta
Potsdam and the End of the Grand Alliance
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-Eight: The Real War
Casualties
Personnel Selection
Training and Replacement Policies
Combat and Ideology
Discipline, Psychiatry, and Punishments
Killing, Brutality, and Atrocities
Conclusion
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Twenty-Nine: The Home Fronts: Europe at War 1939–1945
European Geopolitics, 1939–1945
Collaboration
Resistance
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Thirty: The Holocaust
What is the Holocaust?
Idea and Execution
Fighting the Death Sentence
The Holocaust and the Modern Condition
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Chapter Thirty-One: Memories of World War II and the Holocaust in Europe
West and East Germany
Austria and Italy
Netherlands, Belgium, France, and Denmark
Poland
Britain and the Soviet Union
Conclusion
Notes
Guide to Further Reading
Bibliography
Index
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