Fundamentals of Neurology · an Illustrated Guide by Mumenthaler, Heinrich Mattle Mark -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Overview Title Copyright Dedication Preface Contents 1. Fundamentals

Microscopic Anatomy of the Nervous System Elements of Neurophysiology Elements of Neurogenetics

General Genetics Neurogenetics Genetic Counseling

2. The Clinical Interview in Neurology

General Principles of History Taking Special Aspects of History Taking

3. The Neurological Examination

Basic Principles of the Neurological Examination Stance and Gait Examination of the Head and Cranial Nerves

Head and Cervical Spine Cranial Nerves

Examination of the Upper Limbs

Motor Function and Coordination Muscle Tone and Strength Reflexes Sensation

Examination of the Trunk Examination of the Lower Limbs

Coordination and Strength Reflexes Sensation

Examination of the Autonomic Nervous System Neurologically Relevant Aspects of the General Physical Examination Neuropsychological and Psychiatric Examination

Psychopathological Findings Neuropsychological Examination

Special Considerations in the Neurological Examination of Infants and Younq Children

Reflexes

4. Ancillary Tests in Neurology

Fundamentals Imaging Studies

Conventional Skeletal Radiographs Computed Tomography (CT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Angiography with Radiological Contrast Media Myelography and Radiculography Diagnostic Techniques of Nuclear Medicine

Electrophysiological Studies

Fundamentals Electroencephalography (EEC) Evoked potentials Electromyography Electroneurography Other Electrophysiological Studies

Ultrasonography Other Ancillary Studies

Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies Tissue Biopsies Perimetry

5. Topical Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Neurological Syndromes

Fundamentals Muscle Weakness and Other Motor Disturbances

Anatomical Substrate of Motor Function

Sensory Disturbances

Anatomical Substrate of Sensation

Disturbances of Consciousness Dysfunction of Specific Areas of the Brain

Syndromes of the Individual Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres Syndromes of the Extrapyramidal Motor System Thalamic Syndromes Brainstem Syndromes Cerebellar Syndromes

6. Diseases of the Brain and Meninges

Congenital and Perinatally Acquired Diseases of the Brain

Fundamentals Special Clinical Forms

Traumatic Brain injury

Fundamentals Relevant Aspects of the Clinical History and Neurological Examination Grades of Severity of Traumatic Brain Injury Traumatic Hematomas Complications of Traumatic Brain Injury

Intracranial Pressure and Brain Tumors

Intracranial Pressure Brain Tumors

Circulatory Disorders of the Brain and Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage

Cerebral Ischemia Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage

Infectious Diseases of the Brain and Meninges

Infections Mainly Involving the Meninges Infections Mainly Involving the Brain Intracranial Abscesses

Metabolic Disorders and Systemic Illnesses Affecting the Nervous System

Congenital Metabolic Disorders Acquired Metabolic Disorders

Diseases of the Basal Ganglia

Fundamentals Diseases Causing Hypertonia and Hypokinesia Degenerative Systemic Diseases Causing Hypertonia and Hypokinesia Diseases Causing Hyperkinesia Other Types of Involuntary Movement

Cerebellar Diseases

The More Common Diseases of the Cerebellum

Dementing Diseases

The Dementia Syndrome Degenerative Brain Diseases Causing Dementia as Their Most Prominent Manifestation Vascular Dementia

7. Diseases of the Spinal Cord

Anatomical Fundamentals The Main Spinal Cord Syndromes and Their Anatomical Localization Spinal Cord Trauma Spinal Cord Compression

Spinal Cord Tumors Myelopathy Due to Cervical Spondylosis

Circulatory Disorders of the Spinal Cord

Blood Supply of the Spinal Cord Arterial Hypoperfusion Impaired Venous Drainage Hemorrhage in or Adjacent to the Spinal Cord

Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases of the Spinal Cord Syringomyelia and Syringobulbia Diseases Mainly Affecting the Long Tracts of the Spinal Cord

Hereditary Diseases of the Long Tracts of the Spinal Cord

Diseases of the Anterior Horns

8. Multiple Sclerosis and Other Myelinopathies

Fundamentals

Myelin

Multiple Sclerosis Other Demyelinating Diseases of Unknown Pathogenesis

9. Epilepsy and Its Differential Diagnosis

Types of Epilepsy

Classification of the Epilepsies Practical Clinical Management of a Suspected Epileptic Seizure Generalized Seizures Partial (Focal) Seizures Status Epilepticus

Episodic Neurological Disturbances of Nonepileptic Origin

Episodic Disturbances with Transient Loss of Consciousness and Falling Episodic Falling without Loss of Consciousness Episodic Loss of Consciousness without Falling Episodic Movement Disorders without Loss of Consciousness

10. Polyradiculopathy and Polyneuropathy

Fundamentals Polyradiculitis

Classic Polyradiculitis (Landry–Guillain–Barré–Strohl Syndrome) Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating (Recurrent) Polyneuropathy (CIDP) Cranial Polyradiculitis Polyradiculitis of the Cauda Equina

Polyneuropathy

Fundamentals Particular Etiologic Types of Polyneuropathy

11. Diseases of the Cranial Nerves

Fundamentals Disturbances of Smell (Olfactory Nerve) Neurological Disturbances of Vision (Optic Nerve)

Visual Field Defects Impairment of Visual Acuity Pathological Findings of the Optic Disc

Disturbances of Ocular and Pupillary Motility

Fundamentals of Eye Movements Oculomotor Disturbances Supranuclear Oculomotor Disturbances Lesions of the Nerves to the Eye Muscles and Their Brainstem Nuclei Ptosis Pupillary Disturbances

Lesions of the Trigeminal Nerve Lesions of the Facial Nerve Disturbances of Hearing and Balance; Vertigo

Neurological Disturbances of Hearing Disequilibrium and Vertigo

The Lower Cranial Nerves

Lesions of the Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves Accessory Nerve Palsy Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy

Multiple Cranial Nerve Deficits

12. Diseases of the Spinal Nerve Roots and Peripheral Nerves

Fundamentals

Spinal Radicular Syndromes Radicular Syndromes Due to Intervertebral Disk Herniation Radicular Syndromes Due to Spinal Stenosis Radicular Syndromes Due to Space-Occupying Lesions

Peripheral Nerve Lesions

Fundamentals Diseases of the Brachial Plexus Diseases of the Peripheral Nerves of the Upper Limbs Diseases of the Nerves of the Trunk Diseases of the Lumbosacral Plexus Diseases of the Peripheral Nerves of the Lower Limbs

13. Painful Syndromes

Fundamentals Painful Syndromes of the Head And Neck

IHS Classification of Headache Approach to the Patient with Headache Migraine Cluster Headache Tension-type Headache Rare Varieties of Primary headache Symptomatic Headache

Painful Syndromes of the Face

Dangerous Types of Headache “Genuine” Neuralgias in the Face Other Diseases Causing Facial Pain General Differential Diagnosis of Headache and Facial Pain

Painful Shoulder–Arm Syndromes (SAS)

Spondylogenic (Cervicogenic) Shoulder and Arm Pain Degenerative and Rheumatic Shoulder and Arm Pain Neurogenic Arm Pain Vasogenic Arm Pain

Pain in the Trunk and Back

“Arm Pain of Overuse” Other Types of Arm Pain Thoracic and Abdominal Wall Pain Back Pain

Leg Pain

Groin Pain

Pseudoradicular Pain

14. Diseases of Muscle (Myopathies)

Structure and Function of Muscle General Symptomatology, Evaluation, and Classification of Muscle Diseases Muscular Dystrophies

Hereditary Muscular Dystrophies of X-chromosomal Inheritance-Dystrophinopathies Autosomal Muscular Dystrophies

Myotonic Syndromes and Periodic Paralysis Syndromes

Rarer Types of Muscular Dystrophy Diseases Mainly Causing Myotonia Diseases Causing Periodic Paralysis

Metabolic Myopathies

Acute Rhabdomyolysis Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies

Myositis Other Diseases Affecting Muscle

Myopathies Due to Systemic Disease Congenital Myopathies

Disturbances of Neuromuscular Transmission-Myasthenic Syndromes

15. Diseases of the Autonomic Nervous System

Anatomy Normal and Pathological Function of the Autonomic Nervous System

Sweating Bladder, Bowel, and Sexual Function The Cervical Sympathetic Pathway and Horner Syndrome Generalized Autonomic Dysfunction

Index

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