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Index
The Pentateuch as Torah: New Models for Understanding Its Promulgation and Acceptance
Contents
Abbreviations
Gary N. Knoppers and Bernard M. Levinson: How, When, Where, and Why Did the Pentateuch Become the Torah?
Introduction
Ratifying Local Law Codes in an International Age
Prophets, Polemics, and Publishers: The Growing Importance of Writing in Persian-Period Judalt
The Torah as a Foundational Text in Judah and Samaria
The Translation, Interpretation, and Application of the Torah
Concluding Thanks
Part 1: Ratifying Local Law Codes in an International Age
Konrad Schmid: The Persian Imperial Authorization as a Historical Problem and as a Biblical Construct: A Plea for Distinctions in the Current Debate
I. The Current Debate
II. What Peter Frei Originally Meant by “Imperial Authorization” and How His Critics Understood His Theory
III. The Imperial Authorization of the Torah as a Historical Problem and as a Biblical Construct
IV. Conclusions
David M. Carr: The Rise of Torah
I. The Question of the Rise of Torah
II. When and How Did the Torah Rise to Prominence?
1. Preexilic Beginnings
2. The Formation and Rise of Pentateuchal Corpora in the Diaspora
3. Ezra Traditions and the Gradual Rise of the Torah to Dominance
III. Conclusion
Anselm C. Hagedorn: Local Law in an Imperial Context: The Role of Torah in the (Imagined) Persian Period
I. Introduction
II. Persia: Mixing Imperial and Colonial Rule
III. Local Law and Global Law
Reinhard G. Kratz: Temple and Torah: Reflections on the Legal Status of the Pentateuch between Elephantine and Qumran
1. The Problem
2. The Situation at Elephantine
3. The Situation at Qumran
4. The Situation in Between
Gary N. Knoppers and Paul B. Harvey Jr.: The Pentateuch in Ancient Mediterranean Context: The Publication of Local Lawcodes
I. The Growing Popularity of Written Legislation in the Greco-Roman World in the Late Archaic and Classical Periods
A. Solon’s Reforms in Athens
B. Gortyn
C. Rome: The Twelve Tables
D. Some Common Factors and Themes
II. The Rise of Written Legislation: An Assessment of Some Current Theories
A. Near Eastern Influence
B. Trade and Colonization
C. The Rise of Law as a Key Factor in the Growth of the Polis
D. Written Law as a Catalyst for Social Reform
E. “Put That in Writing”: A New Function for a Valued Technology
F. Common Factors and Themes
III. The Rise of Written Legislation in Judah and Samaria
Conclusion
Part 2: Prophets, Polemics, and Publishers: The Growing Importance of Writing in Persian Period Judah
Jean-Louis Ska: From History Writing to Library Building: The End of History and the Birth of the Book
1. Persian Imperial Authorization
2. The Birth of the Torah
2.1. The End of History Writing
2.2. Library Building
2.2.1. The Reasons for Collecting Ancient Documents
2.2.2. Books and Libraries in Postexilic Israel
2.3. The Book of the Torah
2.3. Exodus 24:3—8 and the Signature of the “Writers” of the Law of Moses
2.3.1. The Basic Literary Unity of Exodus 24:3–8
2.3.2. The Late Date of Exodus 24:3–8
2.3.3. Exodus 24:3–8 and the Custodians of Israel’s Library
Conclusion
Eckart Otto: Scribal Scholarship in the Formation of Torah and Prophets: A Postexilic Scribal Debate between Priestly Scholarship and Literary Prophecy— The Example of the Book of Jeremiah and Its Relation to the Pentateuch
I. The Formation of the Pentateuch: Beyond the “Compromise Hypothesis” of an Imperial Authorization of the Torah by the Persian Government
II. The Hermeneutics of Revelation in the Postexilic Formation of the Pentateuch and the Book of Jeremiah
Part 3: The Torah as a Foundational Document in Judah and Samaria
Christophe Nihan: The Torah between Samaria and Judah: Shechem and Gerizim in Deuteronomy and Joshua
1. Introduction: The Place of Samaria in New Models for the Acceptance of the Pentateuch as “Torah”
2. Reconsidering Samaria’s Role in the Composition of the Pentateuch and Its Adoption as “Torah”: The Case of the So-Called Shechemite Covenant Tradition
3. Joshua 24: The Shechem Covenant Ceremony and the Finale of the Post-Priestly Hexateuch
4. Deuteronomy 21 and the Acknowledgment of the Gerizim Sanctuary in the Context of the Redaction of the Pentateuch
4.1. Redaction Criticism of Deuteronomy 27
4.2. The Origin and Purpose of the Two Redactions in Deuteronomy 27
4.3. Mount Gerizim in the Postdeuteronomistic Pentateuchal Revision of Deuteronomy 27
5. Joshua 8:30-35 MT (Josh 9:2a-f LXX; 4QJoshᵃ) and the Antti-Samarian Reception of Deuteronomy 21
6. Conclusion: Samaria and the Reception of the Pentateuch as “Torah”
Joachim Schaper: The “Publication” of Legal Texts in Ancient Judah
I. The Problem Addressed and the Methodology Used to Solve It
II. Biblical Passages
1. Deuteronomy 1:5 and 27:3, 8
2. Habakkuk 2:2
III. Greek and Ancient Near Eastern Material
IV. Conclusion
Reinhard Pummer: The Samaritans and Their Pentateuch
1. Terminology
2. The Samaritan Pentateuch
3. The Origin of the Samaritans
4. The Pentateuch among the Samaritans
a. Nehemiah 13:28 and Josephus, Ant. 11.306-312
b. Ezra in the Samaritan Tradition
c. The Population of the Former Northern Kingdom and the Pentateuch
d. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Persian Reichsautorisation
5. Conclusion
Part 4: The Translation, Interpretation, and Application of the Torah in Early Jewish Literature
Sebastian Grätz: The Second Temple and the Legal Status of the Torah: The Hermeneutics of the Torah in the Books of Ruth and Ezra
I. Observations on the Use of the Torah in the Book of Ezra
II. Observations on the Use of the Torah in the Book of Ruth
III. Historical Conclusions
Arie van der Kooij: The Septuagint of the Pentateuch and Ptolemaic Rule
I. A Return to the Letter of Aristeas
II. The “Trigger” for the Translation of the Torah into Greek: Four Hypotheses
Hypothesis 1: Jerusalem Takes the Initiative with Alexandria’s Approval
Hypothesis 2: The Ptolemaic Court Takes the Initiative for the Translation
Hypothesis 3: Priests in Jerusalem Solicit the Translation to Gain Prestige
Hypothesis 4: The Role Played by Demetrius of Phaleron
III. Conclusion
Sidnie White Crawford: The Use of the Pentateuch in the Temple Scroll and the Damascus Document in the Second Century b.c.e.
The Beginning of the Essene Movement
The Temple Scroll
The Damascus Document
Conclusion
James W. Watts: The Torah as the Rhetoric of Priesthood
Index of Authors
Index of Scripture
Index of Other Ancient Sources
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