Airplane Flying Handbook by Administration, Federal Aviation -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Copyright Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction to Flight Training

Introduction Role of the FAA Flight Standards Service Role of the Pilot Examiner Role of the Flight Instructor Sources of Flight Training

Practical Test Standards (PTS) and Airman Certification Standards (ACS) Safety of Flight Practices

Collision Avoidance Runway Incursion Avoidance Stall Awareness Use of Checklists Positive Transfer of Controls

Chapter Summary

Chapter 2: Ground Operations

Introduction Preflight Assessment of the Aircraft

Visual Preflight Assessment Outer Wing Surfaces and Tail Section Fuel and Oil Landing Gear, Tires, and Brakes Engine and Propeller

Risk and Resource Management

Risk Management

Identifying the Hazard Risk Risk Assessment Risk Identification Risk Mitigation Resource Management

Ground Operations Engine Starting Hand Propping Taxiing Before-Takeoff Check Takeoff Checks After-Landing Clear of Runway and Stopped Parking Engine Shutdown Post-Flight

Securing and Servicing

Chapter Summary

Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers

Introduction The Four Fundamentals Effect and Use of the Flight Controls

Feel of the Airplane

Attitude Flying Integrated Flight Instruction Straight-and-Level Flight

Straight Flight Level Flight

Trim Control Level Turns

Turn Radius Establishing a Turn

Climbs and Climbing Turns

Establishing a Climb Climbing Turns

Descents and Descending Turns Glides

Gliding Turns

Chapter Summary

Chapter 4: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training

Introduction

Defining an Airplane Upset Coordinated Flight Angle of Attack

Slow Flight

Performing the Slow Flight Maneuver

Stalls

Stall Recognition

Angle of Attack Indicators

Stall Characteristics Fundamentals of Stall Recovery Stall Training Approaches to Stalls (Impending Stalls), Power-On or Power-Off Full Stalls, Power-Off Full Stalls, Power-On Secondary Stall Accelerated Stalls Cross-Control Stall Elevator Trim Stall Common Errors Spin Awareness Spin Procedures

Entry Phase Incipient Phase Developed Phase Recovery Phase

Intentional Spins Weight and Balance Requirements Related to Spins Common Errors

Upset Prevention and Recovery

Unusual Attitudes Versus Upsets Environmental Factors Mechanical Factors Human Factors

VMC to IMC IMC Diversion of Attention Task Saturation Sensory Overload/Deprivation Spatial Disorientation Startle Response Surprise Response

Upset Prevention and Recovery Training (UPRT) UPRT Core Concepts Academic Material (Knowledge and Risk Management)

Prevention Through ADM and Risk Management Prevention through Proportional Counter-Response Recovery

Common Errors Roles of FSTDs and Airplanes in UPRT Airplane-Based UPRT All-Attitude/All-Envelope Flight Training Methods FSTD–based UPRT Spiral Dive UPRT Summary

Chapter Summary

Chapter 5: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs

Introduction

Terms and Definitions

Prior to Takeoff Normal Takeoff

Takeoff Roll Lift-Off Initial Climb

Crosswind Takeoff

Takeoff Roll Lift-Off Initial Climb

Ground Effect on Takeoff Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb

Takeoff Roll Lift-Off Initial Climb

Soft/Rough-Field Takeoff and Climb

Takeoff Roll Lift-Off Initial Climb

Rejected Takeoff/Engine Failure Noise Abatement Chapter Summary

Chapter 6: Ground Reference Maneuvers

Introduction Maneuvering by Reference to Ground Objects Drift and Ground Track Control

Correcting Drift During Straight-and-Level Flight Constant Radius During Turning Flight Tracking Over and Parallel to a Straight Line

Rectangular Course Turns Around a Point S-Turns Elementary Eights

Eights Along a Road Eights Across A Road Eights Around Pylons Eights-on-Pylons

Chapter Summary

Chapter 7: Airport Traffic Patterns

Introduction Airport Traffic Patterns and Operations Standard Airport Traffic Patterns Non-Towered Airports Safety Considerations Chapter Summary

Chapter 8: Approaches and Landings

Introduction Normal Approach and Landing

Base Leg Final Approach Use of Flaps Estimating Height and Movement Round Out (Flare) Touchdown After-Landing Roll Stabilized Approach Concept

Intentional Slips Go-Arounds (Rejected Landings)

Power Attitude Configuration

Ground Effect Crosswind Approach and Landing

Crosswind Final Approach Crosswind Round Out (Flare) Crosswind Touchdown Crosswind After-Landing Roll Maximum Safe Crosswind Velocities

Turbulent Air Approach and Landing Short-Field Approach and Landing Soft-Field Approach and Landing Power-Off Accuracy Approaches

90° Power-Off Approach 180° Power-Off Approach 360° Power-Off Approach

Emergency Approaches and Landings (Simulated) Faulty Approaches and Landings

Low Final Approach High Final Approach Slow Final Approach Use of Power High Round Out Late or Rapid Round Out Floating During Round Out Ballooning During Round Out Bouncing During Touchdown Porpoising Wheel Barrowing Hard Landing Touchdown in a Drift or Crab Ground Loop Wing Rising After Touchdown

Hydroplaning

Dynamic Hydroplaning Reverted Rubber Hydroplaning Viscous Hydroplaning

Chapter Summary

Chapter 9: Performance Maneuvers

Introduction Steep Turns Steep Spiral Chandelle Lazy Eight Chapter Summary

Chapter 10: Night Operations

Introduction Night Vision Night Illusions Pilot Equipment Airplane Equipment and Lighting Airport and Navigation Lighting Aids Training for Night Flight Preparation and Preflight Starting, Taxiing, and Runup Takeoff and Climb Orientation and Navigation Approaches and Landings

Night Emergencies

Chapter Summary

Chapter 11: Transition to Complex Airplanes

Introduction

Function of Flaps Flap Effectiveness Operational Procedures

Controllable-Pitch Propeller

Constant-Speed Propeller Takeoff, Climb, and Cruise Blade Angle Control Governing Range Constant-Speed Propeller Operation

Turbocharging

Ground Boosting Versus Altitude Turbocharging Operating Characteristics Heat Management Turbocharger Failure

Over-Boost Condition Low Manifold Pressure

Retractable Landing Gear

Landing Gear Systems Controls and Position Indicators Landing Gear Safety Devices Emergency Gear Extension Systems Operational Procedures

Preflight Takeoff and Climb Approach and Landing

Transition Training Chapter Summary

Chapter 12: Transition to Multiengine Airplanes

Introduction General Terms and Definitions Operation of Systems

Propellers Propeller Synchronization Fuel Crossfeed Combustion Heater Flight Director/Autopilot Yaw Damper Alternator/Generator Nose Baggage Compartment Anti-Icing/Deicing

Performance and Limitations Weight and Balance Ground Operation Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb Level Off and Cruise Normal Approach and Landing Crosswind Approach and Landing Short-Field Takeoff and Climb Short-Field Approach and Landing Go-Around Rejected Takeoff Engine Failure After Lift-Off

Landing Gear Down Landing Gear Control Selected Up, Single-Engine Climb Performance Inadequate Landing Gear Control Selected Up, Single-Engine Climb Performance Adequate

Control Configuration Climb Checklist

Engine Failure During Flight Engine Inoperative Approach and Landing Engine Inoperative Flight Principles Slow Flight Stalls

Power-Off Approach to Stall (Approach and Landing) Power-On Approach to Stall (Takeoff and Departure) Full Stall Accelerated Approach to Stall Spin Awareness

Chapter 13: Transition to Tailwheel Airplanes

Introduction Landing Gear

Instability

Angle of Attack Taxiing Weathervaning Visibility Directional Control Normal Takeoff Roll Liftoff Crosswind Takeoff Short-Field Takeoff Soft-Field Takeoff Landing Touchdown

Three-Point Landing Wheel Landing Crosswinds

After-Landing Roll Crosswind After-Landing Roll Short-Field Landing Soft-Field Landing Ground Loop Chapter Summary

Chapter 14: Transition to Turbopropeller-Powered Airplanes

Introduction Gas Turbine Engine Turboprop Engines Turboprop Engine Types

Fixed Shaft Split Shaft/ Free Turbine Engine

Reverse Thrust and Beta Range Operations Turboprop Airplane Electrical Systems Operational Considerations Training Considerations

Ground Training Flight Training

Chapter Summary

Chapter 15: Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes

Introduction Jet Engine Basics Operating the Jet Engine

Jet Engine Ignition Continuous Ignition Fuel Heaters Setting Power Thrust To Thrust Lever Relationship Variation of Thrust with RPM Slow Acceleration of the Jet Engine

Jet Engine Efficiency Absence of Propeller Effect Absence of Propeller Slipstream Absence of Propeller Drag Speed Margins Recovery From Overspeed Conditions Mach Buffet Boundaries Low Speed Flight Stalls Drag Devices Thrust Reversers Pilot Sensations in Jet Flying Jet Airplane Takeoff and Climb

Minimum Equipment List and Configuration Deviation List V-Speeds Pre-Takeoff Procedures Takeoff Roll Rejected Takeoff Rotation and Lift-Off Initial Climb

Jet Airplane Approach and Landing

Landing Requirements Landing Speeds Significant Differences Stabilized Approach Approach Speed Glidepath Control The Flare Touchdown and Rollout

Key Points Chapter Summary

Chapter 16: Transition to Light Sport Airplanes (LSA)

Introduction Light Sport Airplane (LSA) Background LSA Synopsis Sport Pilot Certificate Transition Training Considerations

Flight School Flight Instructors

LSA Maintenance Airframe and Systems

Construction Engines Instrumentation

Weather Considerations Flight Environment

Preflight Inside of the Airplane Outside of the Airplane Before Start and Starting Engine Taxi Takeoff and Climb Cruise Approach and Landing Emergencies Postflight

Key Points Chapter Summary

Chapter 17: Emergency Procedures

Emergency Situations Emergency Landings

Types of Emergency Landings Psychological Hazards

Basic Safety Concepts

General Attitude and Sink Rate Control Terrain Selection Airplane Configuration Approach

Terrain Types

Confined Areas Trees (Forest) Water (Ditching) and Snow

Engine Failure After Takeoff (Single-Engine) Emergency Descents In-Flight Fire

Engine Fire Electrical Fires Cabin Fire

Flight Control Malfunction/Failure

Total Flap Failure Asymmetric (Split) Flap Loss of Elevator Control Landing Gear Malfunction

Systems Malfunctions

Electrical System Pitot-Static System

Abnormal Engine Instrument Indication Door Opening In-Flight Inadvertent VFR Flight Into IMC

Recognition Maintaining Airplane Control Attitude Control Turns Climbs Descents Combined Maneuvers Transition to Visual Flight

Chapter Summary

Glossary Index

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