The Army of the Roman Republic · the Second Century BC, Polybius and the Camps at Numantia, Spain by Dobson, Mike -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

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Title Page Dedication Copyright Contents Preface Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 1: The Archaeological and Literary Evidence Relating to Numantia The history of the identification of Numantia The archaeological evidence from Numantia – the work of Schulten The chronology and extent of the excavations Schulten’s funding The publication of the excavations The excavation archive – the written record The excavation archive – the finds The excavation technique The recording methods – plans and photographs The recording methods – the finds The dating evidence of the finds Pottery Lamps Brooches Coins The dating of Lager V The literary evidence for the Numantine Wars Summary of the military aspects of the Numantine Wars ascertainable from the literary evidence Chapter 2: The Theoretical Form of Armies of the Period of the Numantine Wars: The Army of the Second Century BC The evidence of Polybius The general form of the ‘Polybian army’ The organisation of the Polybian legionary infantry The main infantry – the hastati, principes and triarii The legionary skirmishers – the velites The size of the legionary infantry The legionary cavalry Command of the legions – the tribunes The allies Command of the allies – the praefecti sociorum Foreign troops Polybius’ source for his digression on the army The date of the ‘Polybian army’ Changes to the Polybian army after the Second Punic War The size of armies Double-legion armies Single-legion armies Forces smaller than a legion operating independently Allied forces operating independently Changes to the organisation of the infantry – the replacement of maniples by cohorts The composition of cohorts Changes to the organisation of the cavalry Changes to the allies Changes to foreign troops The degree of correspondence between the theoretical armies of the second century and those at Numantia Chapter 3: The theoretical layout of camps of the period of the Numantine Wars – camps of the second century BC The Polybian camp The Polybian camp – what is Polybius describing? Terminology for the side, front and back of the camp The measurement system used by Polybius The grid system used for the camp The layout of the Polybian double-consular camp The praetorium, forum, quaestorium and the principia The tribunes’ accommodation Accommodation for the praefecti sociorum The via principalis The disposition of the legions The layout of the tents of the legionary maniples The layout of the tents of the legionary cavalry The disposition of the main force of allies The cavalry The infantry The position of the delecti extraordinarii and evocati The position of the extraordinarii Foreign troops The junction of the two halves of the double-consular camp Defences Entrances Porta praetoria Porta principalis Porta quintana Porta decumana Changes to the Polybian camp after the Second Punic War The single-consular manipular camp The position of the delecti extraordinarii and evocati The disposition of the legions The layout of the main force of allies The location of the tribunes, praefecti soaorum and legates The location of the extraordinarii and foreign troops The intervallum Names for parts of the camp The single-consular cohort camp The layout of the legionary infantry The layout of the legionary cavalry The main force of allies The cavalry The infantry The praetorium range, the delecti extraordinarii and evocati The tribunes, praefecti sociorum and legates The extraordinarii Foreign troops Streets and entrances Camps for single legions with allies Camps for single legions on their own Camps for forces smaller than a legion Degree of correspondence between the theoretical camps of the second century and those at Numantia Chapter 4: Numantia – the archaeology Construction technique of the buildings Defensive ditches at camps Renieblas Introduction Relative dating of the camps Lager I Lager II Lager III Annexe to Lager III – Lager VI? Lager IV Rampart to the west of Lager IV – Lager VII? Lager V Numantia Castillejo The Blue Phase The Red Phase The Black Phase Travesadas Valdevorrón Saledilla Peña Redonda Molino La Rasa Dehesilla Peña del Judío Alto Real Vega Relating the Numantine sites to the historical evidence for the Numantine Wars The camps at Renieblas The camps around Numantia The Scipionic siegeworks Conclusion Bibliography

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