Measuring Time · Frequency Measurements and Related Developments in Physics by Kajita, Masatoshi -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Copyright Contents Acknowledgment Author biography 1 Standards of physical quantities

1.1 Introduction 1.2 The time and frequency standard 1.3 The length standard [9] 1.4 The mass standard 1.5 From macro to micro References

2.1 Introduction 2.2 Change from Ptolemaic theory to Copernican theory 2.3 Measurement of the speed of light 2.4 Theory of relativity [12] References

3 The fundamentals of an atomic clock

3.1 Introduction 3.2 Attainable accuracy of atomic clocks

3.2.1 Statistical uncertainty 3.2.2 Systematic uncertainty

3.3 Accuracy and stability 3.4 Atomic clock operating in the microwave region 3.5 Optical atomic clocks 3.6 Precision measurement of molecular transition frequencies 3.7 Other possible clocks 3.8 Comparison between atomic clocks References

4 The role of precision measurements in future developments in physics

4.1 Introduction 4.2 Confirmation of theory of relativity

4.3 Search for symmetry violations in particles and anti-particles

4.3.1 C-, P-, and T-symmetry 4.3.2 Confirmation of CPT-symmetry 4.3.3 Search for electron electric dipole moment

4.4 Search for the variation in the fundamental constants

4.5 Search for symmetry violation in chiral molecules 4.6 Role of atomic clocks for astronomy

4.6.1 History of the Universe 4.6.2 Dark energy 4.6.3 Dark matter

4.7 Quantum electrodynamics and proton size References

5 Role of atomic clocks for human life

5.1 Position measurement by GPS [1] 5.2 Very long baseline interferometry 5.3 Establishment of a national standard time and its distribution to users 5.4 Contribution to communication technology 5.5 Monitoring air composition 5.6 Temperature measurement References

6 Conclusion Appendix A: Laser cooling