Expert C++ Programming by Galowicz, Jacek -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page - Courses Copyright and Credits - Courses

Expert C++ Programming

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Preface

Who this learning path is for What this learning path covers To get the most out of this learning path

Download the example code files Conventions used

Get in touch

Reviews

Mastering C++ Programming Introduction to C++17 Standard Template Library

The Standard Template Library architecture

Algorithms Iterators Containers Functors

Sequence containers

Array

Code walkthrough Commonly used APIs in an array

Vector 

Code walkthrough Commonly used vector APIs Code walkthrough Pitfalls of a vector

List 

Commonly used APIs in a list

Forward list

Code walkthrough Commonly used APIs in a forward_list container

Deque

Commonly used APIs in a deque

Associative containers

Set

Code walkthrough Commonly used APIs in a set

Map

Code walkthrough Commonly used APIs in a map

Multiset Multimap Unordered sets Unordered maps Unordered multisets Unordered multimaps

Container adapters

Stack

Commonly used APIs in a stack

Queue

Commonly used APIs in a queue

Priority queue

Commonly used APIs in a priority queue

Summary

Template Programming

Generic programming

Function templates

Code walkthrough

Overloading function templates

Code walkthrough

Class template

Code walkthrough

Explicit class specializations

Code walkthrough

Partial template specialization

Summary

Smart Pointers

Memory management Issues with raw pointers Smart pointers

auto_ptr

Code walkthrough - Part 1 Code walkthrough - Part 2

unique_ptr

Code walkthrough

shared_ptr

Code walkthrough

weak_ptr

Circular dependency

Summary

Developing GUI Applications in C++

Installing Qt 5.7.0 in Ubuntu 16.04

Qt Core

Writing our first Qt console application

Qt Widgets

Writing our first Qt GUI application

Layouts

Writing a GUI application with a horizontal layout Writing a GUI application with a vertical layout Writing a GUI application with a box layout Writing a GUI application with a grid layout

Signals and slots Using stacked layout in Qt applications

Writing a simple math application combining multiple layouts

Summary

Test-Driven Development

TDD Common myths and questions around TDD

Does it take more efforts for a developer to write a unit test?  Is code coverage metrics good or bad? Does TDD work for complex legacy projects?  Is TDD even applicable for embedded or products that involve hardware?

Unit testing frameworks for C++ Google test framework

Installing Google test framework on Ubuntu How to build google test and mock together as one single static library without installing? Writing our first test case using the Google test framework Using Google test framework in Visual Studio IDE

TDD in action

Testing a piece of legacy code that has dependency

Summary

Behavior-Driven Development

Behavior-driven development TDD versus BDD C++ BDD frameworks The Gherkin language Installing cucumber-cpp in Ubuntu

Installing the cucumber-cpp framework prerequisite software Building and executing the test cases

Feature file Spoken languages supported by Gherkin The recommended cucumber-cpp project folder structure Writing our first Cucumber test case

Integrating our project in cucumber-cpp CMakeLists.txt Executing our test case

Dry running your cucumber test cases BDD - a test-first development approach

Let's build and run our BDD test case It's testing time!

Summary

Code Smells and Clean Code Practices

Code refactoring Code smell What is agile? SOLID design principle

Single responsibility principle Open closed principle Liskov substitution principle Interface segregation Dependency inversion

Code smell

Comment smell Long method Long parameter list Duplicate code Conditional complexity Large class Dead code Primitive obsession Data class Feature envy

Summary

Mastering C++ Multithreading Revisiting Multithreading

Getting started The multithreaded application

Makefile

Other applications Summary

Multithreading Implementation on the Processor and OS

Introduction to POSIX pthreads Creating threads with the pthreads library

How to compile and run

Does C++ support threads natively? Defining processes and threads

Tasks in x86 (32-bit and 64-bit) Process state in ARM

The stack Defining multithreading

Flynn's taxonomy Symmetric versus asymmetric multiprocessing Loosely and tightly coupled multiprocessing Combining multiprocessing with multithreading Multithreading types

Temporal multithreading Simultaneous multithreading (SMT)

Schedulers Tracing the demo application Mutual exclusion implementations

Hardware Software

Concurrency

How to compile and run Asynchronous message passing using the concurrency support library

How to compile and run

Concurrency tasks

How to compile and run

Using tasks with a thread support library

How to compile and run

Binding the thread procedure and its input to packaged_task 

How to compile and run

Exception handling with the concurrency library

How to compile and run What did you learn?

Summary

C++ Multithreading APIs

API overview POSIX threads

Windows support PThreads thread management Mutexes Condition variables Synchronization Semaphores Thread local storage (TLC)

Windows threads

Thread management Advanced management Synchronization Condition variables Thread local storage

Boost

Thread class Thread pool Thread local storage (TLS) Synchronization

C++ threads Putting it together Summary

Thread Synchronization and Communication

Safety first The scheduler

High-level view Implementation

Request class Worker class

Dispatcher Makefile Output

Sharing data

Using r/w-locks Using shared pointers

Summary

Native C++ Threads and Primitives

The STL threading API

Boost.Thread API

The 2011 standard C++14 Thread class

Basic use Passing parameters Return value Moving threads Thread ID Sleeping Yield Detach Swap

Mutex

Basic use

Non-blocking locking

Timed mutex Lock guard Unique lock Scoped lock Recursive mutex Recursive timed mutex

Shared mutex

Shared timed mutex

Condition variable

Condition_variable_any Notify all at thread exit

Future

Promise

Shared future

Packaged_task Async

Launch policy

Atomics Summary

Debugging Multithreaded Code

When to start debugging The humble debugger

GDB Debugging multithreaded code Breakpoints Back traces

Dynamic analysis tools

Limitations Alternatives Memcheck

Basic use Error types

Illegal read / illegal write errors Use of uninitialized values Uninitialized or unaddressable system call values Illegal frees Mismatched deallocation Overlapping source and destination Fishy argument values Memory leak detection

Helgrind

Basic use

Misuse of the pthreads API Lock order problems Data races DRD Basic use Features C++11 threads support

Summary

Best Practices

Proper multithreading Wrongful expectations - deadlocks Being careless - data races Mutexes aren't magic Locks are fancy mutexes Threads versus the future Static order of initialization Summary

Atomic Operations - Working with the Hardware

Atomic operations

Visual C++ GCC

Memory order

Other compilers C++11 atomics Example Non-class functions Example Atomic flag Memory order

Relaxed ordering Release-acquire ordering Release-consume ordering Sequentially-consistent ordering Volatile keyword

Summary

Multithreading with Distributed Computing

Distributed computing, in a nutshell

MPI

Implementations Using MPI

Compiling MPI applications The cluster hardware

Installing Open MPI

Linux and BSDs Windows

Distributing jobs across nodes

Setting up an MPI node Creating the MPI host file Running the job Using a cluster scheduler

MPI communication

MPI data types

Custom types

Basic communication Advanced communication Broadcasting Scattering and gathering

MPI versus threads Potential issues Summary

Multithreading with GPGPU

The GPGPU processing model

Implementations OpenCL Common OpenCL applications OpenCL versions

OpenCL 1.0 OpenCL 1.1 OpenCL 1.2 OpenCL 2.0 OpenCL 2.1 OpenCL 2.2

Setting up a development environment

Linux Windows OS X/MacOS

A basic OpenCL application GPU memory management GPGPU and multithreading

Latency

Potential issues Debugging GPGPU applications Summary

C++17 STL Cookbook The New C++17 Features

Introduction Using structured bindings to unpack bundled return values

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Limiting variable scopes to if and switch statements

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Profiting from the new bracket initializer rules

How to do it... How it works...

Letting the constructor automatically deduce the resulting template class type

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Simplifying compile time decisions with constexpr-if

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Enabling header-only libraries with inline variables

How it's done... How it works... There's more...

Implementing handy helper functions with fold expressions

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Match ranges against individual items Check if multiple insertions into a set are successful Check if all the parameters are within a certain range Pushing multiple items into a vector

STL Containers

Using the erase-remove idiom on std::vector

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Deleting items from an unsorted std::vector in O(1) time

How to do it... How it works...

Accessing std::vector instances the fast or the safe way

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Keeping std::vector instances sorted

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Inserting items efficiently and conditionally into std::map

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Knowing the new insertion hint semantics of std::map::insert

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Efficiently modifying the keys of std::map items

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Using std::unordered_map with custom types

How to do it... How it works...

Filtering duplicates from user input and printing them in alphabetical order with std::set

How to do it... How it works...

std::istream_iterator std::inserter Putting it together

Implementing a simple RPN calculator with std::stack

How to do it... How it works...

Stack handling Distinguishing operands from operations from user input Selecting and applying the right mathematical operation

There's more...

Implementing a word frequency counter with std::map

How to do it... How it works...

Implement a writing style helper tool for finding very long sentences in text with std::multimap

How to do it... How it works...  There's more...

Implementing a personal to-do list using std::priority_queue

How to do it... How it works...

Iterators

Introduction

Iterator categories

Input iterator Forward iterator Bidirectional iterator Random access iterator Contiguous iterator Output iterator Mutable iterator

Building your own iterable range

How to do it... How it works...

Making your own iterators compatible with STL iterator categories

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Using iterator adapters to fill generic data structures

How to do it... How it works...

std::back_insert_iterator std::front_insert_iterator std::insert_iterator std::istream_iterator std::ostream_iterator

Implementing algorithms in terms of iterators

How to do it... There's more...

Iterating the other way around using reverse iterator adapters

How to do it... How it works...

Terminating iterations over ranges with iterator sentinels

How to do it...

Automatically checking iterator code with checked iterators

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Building your own zip iterator adapter

How to do it... There's more...

Ranges library

Lambda Expressions

Introduction Defining functions on the run using lambda expressions

How to do it... How it works...

Capture list mutable (optional) constexpr (optional) exception attr (optional) return type (optional)

Adding polymorphy by wrapping lambdas into std::function

How to do it... How it works...

Composing functions by concatenation

How to do it... How it works...

Creating complex predicates with logical conjunction

How to do it... There's more...

Calling multiple functions with the same input

How to do it... How it works...

Implementing transform_if using std::accumulate and lambdas

How to do it... How it works...

Generating cartesian product pairs of any input at compile time

How to do it... How it works...

STL Algorithm Basics

Introduction Copying items from containers to other containers

How to do it... How it works...

Sorting containers

How to do it... How it works...

Removing specific items from containers

How to do it... How it works...

Transforming the contents of containers

How to do it... How it works...

Finding items in ordered and unordered vectors

How to do it... How it works...

Limiting the values of a vector to a specific numeric range with std::clamp

How to do it... How it works...

Locating patterns in strings with std::search and choosing the optimal implementation

How to do it... How it works...

Sampling large vectors

How to do it... How it works...

Generating permutations of input sequences

How to do it... How it works...

Implementing a dictionary merging tool

How to do it... How it works...

Advanced Use of STL Algorithms

Introduction Implementing a trie class using STL algorithms

How to do it... How it works...

Implementing a search input suggestion generator with tries

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Implementing the Fourier transform formula with STL numeric algorithms

How to do it... How it works...

Calculating the error sum of two vectors

How to do it... How it works...

Implementing an ASCII Mandelbrot renderer

How to do it... How it works...

Building our own algorithm - split

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Composing useful algorithms from standard algorithms - gather

How to do it... How it works...

Removing consecutive whitespace between words

How to do it... How it works...

Compressing and decompressing strings

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Strings, Stream Classes, and Regular Expressions

Introduction Creating, concatenating, and transforming strings

How to do it... How it works...

Trimming whitespace from the beginning and end of strings

How to do it... How it works...

Getting the comfort of std::string without the cost of constructing std::string objects

How to do it... How it works...

Reading values from user input

How to do it... How it works...

Counting all words in a file

How to do it... How it works...

Formatting your output with I/O stream manipulators

How to do it... How it works...

Initializing complex objects from file input

How to do it... How it works...

Filling containers from std::istream iterators

How to do it... How it works...

Generic printing with std::ostream iterators

How to do it... How it works...

Redirecting output to files for specific code sections

How to do it... How it works...

Creating custom string classes by inheriting from std::char_traits

How to do it... How it works...

Tokenizing input with the regular expression library

How to do it... How it works...

Comfortably pretty printing numbers differently per context on the fly

How to do it...

Catching readable exceptions from std::iostream errors

How to do it... How it works...

Utility Classes

Introduction Converting between different time units using std::ratio

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Converting between absolute and relative times with std::chrono

How to do it... How it works...

Safely signalizing failure with std::optional

How to do it... How it works...

Applying functions on tuples

How to do it... How it works...

Quickly composing data structures with std::tuple

How to do it... How it works...

operator<< for tuples The zip function for tuples

Replacing void* with std::any for more type safety

How to do it... How it works...

Storing different types with std::variant

How to do it... How it works...

Automatically handling resources with std::unique_ptr

How to do it... How it works...

Automatically handling shared heap memory with std::shared_ptr

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Dealing with weak pointers to shared objects

How to do it... How it works...

Simplifying resource handling of legacy APIs with smart pointers

How to do it... How it works...

Sharing different member values of the same object

How to do it... How it works...

Generating random numbers and choosing the right random number engine

How to do it... How it works...

Generating random numbers and letting the STL shape specific distributions

How to do it... How it works...

Parallelism and Concurrency

Introduction Automatically parallelizing code that uses standard algorithms

How to do it... How it works...

Which STL algorithms can we parallelize this way? How do those execution policies work? What does vectorization mean?

Putting a program to sleep for specific amounts of time

How to do it... How it works...

Starting and stopping threads

How to do it... How it works...

Performing exception safe shared locking with std::unique_lock and std::shared_lock

How to do it... How it works...

Mutex classes Lock classes

Avoiding deadlocks with std::scoped_lock

How to do it... How it works...

Synchronizing concurrent std::cout use

How to do it... How it works...

Safely postponing initialization with std::call_once

How to do it... How it works...

Pushing the execution of tasks into the background using std::async

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Implementing the producer/consumer idiom with std::condition_variable

How to do it... How it works...

Implementing the multiple producers/consumers idiom with std::condition_variable

How to do it... How it works...

Parallelizing the ASCII Mandelbrot renderer using std::async

How to do it... How it works...

Implementing a tiny automatic parallelization library with std::future

How to do it... How it works...

Filesystem

Introduction Implementing a path normalizer

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Getting canonical file paths from relative paths

How to do it... How it works...

Listing all files in directories

How to do it... How it works...

Implementing a grep-like text search tool

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Implementing an automatic file renamer

How to do it...

Implementing a disk usage counter

How to do it... How it works...

Calculating statistics about file types

How to do it...

Implementing a tool that reduces folder size by substituting duplicates with symlinks

How to do it... How it works... There's more...

Bibliography

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