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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
List of Contributors
Preface
Part I: Introduction
Chapter 1: Overview of Biomass Conversion Processes and Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Biochemical conversion biorefineries
1.3 Thermo-chemical and other chemical conversion biorefineries
1.4 Integrated lignocellulose biorefineries
1.5 Separation and purification processes
1.6 Summary
References
Part II: Equilibrium-Based Separation Technologies
Chapter 2: Distillation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Ordinary distillation
2.3 Azeotropic distillation
2.4 Extractive distillation
2.5 Molecular distillation
2.6 Comparisons of different distillation processes
2.7 Conclusions and future trends
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 3: Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE)
3.1 Introduction to LLE: Literature review and recent developments
3.2 Fundamental principles of LLE
3.3 Categories of LLE design
3.4 Equipment for the LLE process
3.5 Applications in biorefineries
3.6 The future development of LLE for the biorefinery setting
References
Chapter 4: Supercritical Fluid Extraction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Principles of supercritical fluids
4.3 Market and industrial needs
4.4 Design and modeling of the process
4.5 Specific examples in biorefineries
4.6 Economic importance and industrial challenges
4.7 Conclusions and future trends
References
Part III: Affinity-Based Separation Technologies
Chapter 5: Adsorption
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Essential principles of adsorption
5.3 Adsorbent selection criteria
5.4 Commercial and new adsorbents and their properties
5.5 Adsorption separation processes
5.6 Adsorber modeling
5.7 Application of adsorption in biorefineries
5.8 A case study: Recovery of 1-butanol from ABE fermentation broth using TSA
5.9 Research needs and prospects
5.10 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 6: Ion Exchange
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Essential principles
6.3 Ion-exchange market and industrial needs
6.4 Commercial ion-exchange resins
6.5 Specific examples in biorefineries
6.6 Conclusions and future trends
References
Chapter 7: Simulated Moving-Bed Technology for Biorefinery Applications
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Essential SMB design principles and tools
7.3 Simulated moving-bed technology in biorefineries
7.4 Conclusions and future trends
References
Part IV: Membrane Separation
Chapter 8: Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration and Diafiltration
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Membrane plant design
8.3 Economic considerations
8.4 Process design
8.5 Operating parameters
8.6 Diafiltration
8.7 Fouling and cleaning
8.8 Conclusions and future trends
References
Chapter 9: Nanofiltration
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Nanofiltration market and industrial needs
9.3 Fundamental principles
9.4 Design and simulation
9.5 Membrane materials and properties
9.6 Commercial nanofiltration membranes
9.7 Nanofiltration examples in biorefineries
9.8 Conclusions and challenges
References
Chapter 10: Membrane Pervaporation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Membrane pervaporation market and industrial needs
10.3 Fundamental principles
10.4 Design principles of the pervaporation membrane
10.5 Pervaporation in the current integrated biorefinery system
10.6 Conclusions and future trends
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 11: Membrane Distillation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Membrane distillation market and industrial needs
11.3 Basic principles of membrane distillation
11.4 Design and simulation
11.5 Examples in biorefineries
11.6 Economic importance and industrial challenges
11.7 Comparisons with other membrane-separation technologies
11.8 Conclusions and future trends
References
Part V: Solid-Liquid Separations
Chapter 12: Filtration-Based Separations in the Biorefinery
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Biorefinery
12.3 Solid–liquid separations in the biorefinery
12.4 Introduction to cake filtration
12.5 Basics of cake filtration
12.6 Designing a dead-end filtration
12.7 Model development
12.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13: Solid–Liquid Extraction in Biorefinery
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Principles of solid–liquid extraction
13.3 State of the art technology
13.4 Design and modeling of SLE process
13.5 Industrial extractors
13.6 Economic importance and industrial challenges
13.7 Conclusions
References
Part VI: Hybrid/Integrated Reaction-Separation Systems—Process Intensification
Chapter 14: Membrane Bioreactors for Biofuel Production
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Basic principles
14.3 Examples of membrane bioreactors for biofuel production
14.4 Conclusions and future trends
References
Chapter 15: Extraction-Fermentation Hybrid (Extractive Fermentation)
15.1 Introduction
15.2 The market and industrial needs
15.3 Basic principles of extractive fermentation
15.4 Separation technologies for integrated fermentation product recovery
15.5 Examples in biorefineries
15.6 Economic importance and industrial challenges
15.7 Conclusions and future trends
References
Chapter 16: Reactive Distillation for the Biorefinery
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Column internals for reactive distillation
16.3 Simulation of reactive distillation systems
16.4 Reactive distillation for the biorefinery
16.5 Recently commercialized reactive distillation processes for the biorefinery
16.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 17: Reactive Absorption
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Market and industrial needs
17.3 Basic principles of reactive absorption
17.4 Modelling, design and simulation
17.5 Case study: Biodiesel production by catalytic reactive absorption
17.6 Economic importance and industrial challenges
17.7 Conclusions and future trends
References
Part VII: Case Studies of Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries
Chapter 18: Cellulosic Bioethanol Production
18.1 Introduction: The market and industrial needs
18.2 Separation procedures and their integration within a bioethanol plant
18.3 Importance and challenges of separation processes
18.4 Pilot and demonstration scale
18.5 Conclusions and future trends
References
Chapter 19: Dehydration of Ethanol using Pressure Swing Adsorption
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Ethanol dehydration process using pressure swing adsorption
19.3 Future trends and industrial challenges
19.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 20: Separation and Purification of Lignocellulose Hydrolyzates
20.1 Introduction
20.2 The market and industrial needs
20.3 Operation variables and conditions
20.4 The hydrolyzates detoxification and separation processes
20.5 Separation performances and results
20.6 Economic importance and industrial challenges
20.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 21: Case Studies of Separation in Biorefineries—Extraction of Algae Oil from Microalgae
21.1 Introduction
21.2 The market and industrial needs
21.3 The algae oil extraction process
21.4 Extraction
21.5 Separation performance and results
21.6 Economic importance and industrial challenges
21.7 Conclusions and future trends
References
Chapter 22: Separation Processes in Biopolymer Production
22.1 Introduction
22.2 The market and industrial needs
22.3 Lactic acid recovery processes
22.4 Separation performance and results of autocatalytic counter current reactive distillation of lactic acid with methanol and hydrolysis of methyl lactate into highly pure lactic acid using 3-CSTRs in series
22.5 Economic importance and industrial challenges
22.6 Conclusions and future trends
Acknowledgements
References
Index
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