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Index
Cover
Title page
About the Cover and Chapter Opener Images
Copyright
Dedication
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Media and Supplements
1 Science, Language, and the Science of Language
1.1 What Do Scientists Know about Language?
1.2 Why Bother?
2 Origins of Human Language
2.1 Why Us?
2.2 The Social Underpinnings of Language
2.3 The Structure of Language
2.4 The Evolution of Speech
2.5 How Humans Invent Languages
2.6 Language and Genes
2.7 Survival of the Fittest Language?
3 Language and the Brain
3.1 Evidence from Damage to the Brain
3.2 Mapping the Healthy Human Brain
3.3 The Brain in Real-Time Action
4 Learning Sound Patterns
4.1 Where Are the Words?
4.2 Infant Statisticians
4.3 What Are the Sounds?
4.4 Learning How Sounds Pattern
4.5 Some Patterns Are Easier to Learn than Others
5 Learning Words
5.1 Words and Their Interface to Sound
5.2 Reference and Concepts
5.3 Understanding Speakers’ Intentions
5.4 Parts of Speech
5.5 The Role of Language Input
5.6 Complex Words
6 Learning the Structure of Sentences
6.1 The Nature of Syntactic Knowledge
6.2 Learning Grammatical Categories
6.3 How Abstract Is Early Syntax?
6.4 Complex Syntax and Constraints on Learning
6.5 What Do Children Do with Input?
7 Speech Perception
7.1 Coping with the Variability of Sounds
7.2 Integrating Multiple Cues
7.3 Adapting to a Variety of Talkers
7.4 The Motor Theory of Speech Perception
8 Word Recognition
8.1 A Connected Lexicon
8.2 Ambiguity
8.3 Recognizing Spoken Words in Real Time
8.4 Reading Written Words
9 Understanding Sentence Structure and Meaning
9.1 Incremental Processing and the Problem of Ambiguity
9.2 Models of Ambiguity Resolution
9.3 Variables That Predict the Difficulty of Ambiguous Sentences
9.4 Making Predictions
9.5 When Memory Fails
9.6 Variable Minds
10 Speaking: From Planning to Articulation
10.1 The Space between Thinking and Speaking
10.2 Ordered Stages in Language Production
10.3 Formulating Messages
10.4 Structuring Sentences
10.5 Putting the Sounds in Words
11 Discourse and Inference
11.1 From Linguistic Form to Mental Models of the World
11.2 Pronoun Problems
11.3 Pronouns in Real Time
11.4 Drawing Inferences and Making Connections
11.5 Understanding Metaphor
12 The Social Side of Language
12.1 Tiny Mind Readers or Young Egocentrics?
12.2 Conversational Inferences: Deciphering What the Speaker Meant
12.3 Audience Design
12.4 Dialogue
13 Language Diversity
13.1 What Do Languages Have in Common?
13.2 Explaining Similarities across Languages
13.3 Words, Concepts, and Culture
13.4 Language Structure and the Connection between Culture and Mind
13.5 One Mind, Multiple Languages
Glossary
Literature Cited
Author Index
Subject Index
About the Book
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