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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Foreword
Table of Contents
Part I. Socialist Theories and Their Implications For An International Economic Order
Introduction
Chapter I. Ideal Commonwealths
Introduction
Plato: Politeia and Nomoi
Sir Thomas More: Utopia
Johann Gottlieb Fichte: Der geschlossene Handelsstaat
Summary and Conclusions
Notes to Chapter I
Chapter II. The Pre-Marxian Socialists
The Sociological Roots of an Emerging Anti-Capitalistic Theory
Robert Owen
C. H. de Saint-Simon and his Followers
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: from Anarchy to Federalism
Summary and Conclusions
Notes to Chapter II
Chapter III. Karl Marx and his Followers: Their Critique of the Capitalist Mode of Production
Introduction
The Elements of Marxian Political Economy
Concentration and Centralization of Capital
Capitalism and the World Market
Marx’s Views
Rise of Finance Capital
The Seeds of a Future Socialist Order
Lenin’s Thesis
Summary and Conclusions
Notes to Chapter III
Chapter IV. Organization Instead of Laissez-Faire; Interwar Programs for a Socialist World Order
General Ideas
Production for Needs
Science
The Representatives of Collectivity
Human Solidarity
The Internationalist Approach
International Control of Raw Materials
International Migrations
International Money and Credit Control
Methods of Achieving World Planning
Summary and Conclusions
Notes to Chapter IV
Chapter V. The Collectivist State-The Transitional Stage from Capitalism to World Planning
Marxism and the National State
Marxism and Economic Organization
Marx and Engels
Lenin
Stalin
The National Socialist Approach
The Foreign Trade System of a Collectivist State
The State Monopoly of Foreign Trade
Collectivist Foreign Trade and the Theory of Comparative Costs
The Problem of External and Internal Equilibrium
Long-Term Capital Movements
The Future Socialist International Order
Summary and Conclusions
Notes to Chapter V
Conclusion To Part I
Part II. International Economic Order Versus Struggle for World Domination: A Theoretical Analysis of the International Economic Implications of Socialism
Introduction
Chapter VI. The Problem of Value and Economic Calculations in Acollectivist Economy
The Problem
Socially Necessary Labor
The “Mathematical Solution”
The Impossibility of a Rational Evaluation of Capital Goods under Collectivism
The “Market Solution” of Socialism
Critical Objections
The “Theory of Planning” According to Sweezy
Summary and Conclusions
Notes to Pages 125-127 and to Chapter VI
Chapter VII. Planned Foreign Trade and Its Consequences for International Economic Relations
The Place of Foreign Trade in Ideal Commonwealths
Plato
Thomas More
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
The Pre-Marxian Socialists’ Attitude to International Economic Relations
Robert Owen
Saint-Simon and his Followers
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
The General Problem of International Economic Relations under Socialism
The Permanent Pressure on Internal Resources
The Impossibility of Measuring Profitability of Individual Foreign Trade Transactions
Trade Relations between Collectivist and Free Market Economies
Trade Relations between Collectivist States
Summary and Conclusions
Notes to Chapter VII
Chapter VIII. Liberal Versus Socialist Economic Order. A Comparative Analysis
Preliminary Remarks
Balance of Payments Adjustment and National Monetary Policies
Three Concepts of the Balance of Payments
International Payments Adjustment in a Liberal Economic Order
The International Impact of National Full Employment Policies
The Collectivist Solution
The International Problem of Raw Materials
The Liberal Solution Resting on the Divisibility of Ownership and its Invalidation in Times of War
The Collectivist Solution
The International Population Problem
The Problem of International Capital Movements
Summary and Conclusions
Notes to Chapter VIII
Chapter IX. Economic Development and the Problem of International Economic Order
The Problem
The Socialist Approach
“Monopoly Capital” and State Planning
The Politicalization of International Capital Movements
The Liberal Approach
Summary and Conclusions
Notes to Chapter IX
Chapter X. The Fundamental Problem of World Planning; Conclusion to Part II
The Internationalist Approach: a Critical Examination
The “Explosive Effect of Collectivism”
Who Whom?
Conclusion
Notes to Chapter X
Part III. The Test by Practical Experience
Introduction
Chapter XI. The “Socialist” World Market”
The Soviet System of Economic Planning: A Short Survey
The Main Aspects of Centralized Decision-Making and the Problem of Constructing an Efficient Administrative Hierarchy
The Foundations of Soviet Managerial Behavior
The Problem of Economic Rationality
National Planning, International Solidarity and the Council of Mutual Economic Aid
The Initial Years Characterized by an Autarkic Industrial Development within Each Country
Attempts at Closer Cooperation within Comecon by Plan Coordination
Soviet Proposals for a Central Comecon Planning Agency
The “Dialectical” Contradiction between the International Character of Socialist Production and the National Ownership of the Means of Production
The Basic Problems of Socialist International Economic Intercourse
The Effects of the Foreign Trade “Mechanism” Operating in Each C.M.E.A. Country
The Need for an Objective Measure of Profitability for International Economic Transactions
Price Formation on the Socialist World Market: Theories and Reality
International Clearing between C.M.E.A. Countries
The Problems Connected with East-West Trade
Foreign Trade Problems with C.M.E.A. Countries as Seen from the West
Foreign Trade with “Capitalist” Countries as Seen from the East
The Prospects of East-West Trade
Summary and Conclusions
Notes to Chapter XI
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index of Authors
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