An Introduction to International Relations by Devetak, Richard -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Half title Title page Imprints page Dedication Contents Tables, figures and boxes Contributors Preface and acknowledgements Introduction: The origins and changing agendas of international relations

Contents Introduction What are international relations? International Relations as a discipline: Traditions, origins and evolution

Traditions of thought Origins and evolution of the discipline

Globalising International Relations Changing agendas: Theory and practice

The ‘critical turn’ against the ‘Great Divide’ From states, war and law to globalisation and global governance

Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

Part 1 Theories of International Relations

Contents 1 International Relations theory in an age of critical diversity

Contents Introduction The necessity of theory Ontology, epistemology and the science question in International Relations theory Mainstream International Relations theory The era of critical diversity Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

2 Liberalism

Contents Introduction Liberalism The historical-political context Contemporary liberal International Relations theory Questioning contemporary liberal International Relations theory Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

3 Realism

Contents Introduction Who are the realists? Genesis of a tradition of thought

The classical approach: Realism A turning point: The ‘international anarchy’ The structural approach: Neo-realism

What is realism? Synthesising theory and practice

The state Anarchy Prudence and responsibility

Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

4 Marxism and critical theory

Contents Introduction Historical and intellectual context: Marx and the critique of capitalism Marxism as historical materialism Marx and Marxism in International Relations Critical theories of International Relations

Frankfurt School Critical Theory in International Relations Gramscian critical theory in International Relations Neo-Gramscianism and the ‘organic crisis’ of neoliberalism

Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

5 Feminism

Contents Introduction Feminist interventions into international relations The feminist International Relations agenda Challenging the masculine bias in International Relations Where are the women? Reconstructing international relations: Examining the differences between sex and gender From women to gender Feminist theories of international relations

Liberal feminism Critiques of liberal feminism Critical and postmodern feminisms

Conclusion: What does feminism add to our study of international relations? Discussion questions Further reading

6 Postmodernism

Contents Introduction Postmodernity as a new historical period Postmodernism as a critical way of understanding modernity The emergence of the third debate in IR scholarship Polemical critiques and the legacy of postmodernism Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

7 Constructivism

Contents Introduction What does constructivism do? Identity and international institutions Constructivism’s understanding of change in the international system

Identity and governance International conflict and security communities

Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

8 Theories of global justice

Contents Introduction Justice and international relations Why justice is global

Equality and the categorical imperative The requirements of justice Interdependence and globalisation

What is a just global order?

Egalitarian justice

Global justice in practice Cosmopolitan democracy Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

Part 2 International history

Contents 9 From the Great War to World War II

Contents Introduction International history and the study of International Relations After World War I: The Paris Peace Conference The League of Nations The Soviet Union in International Relations The United States and international order The Great Depression Asia’s rise Hitler’s world Appeasement and the path to war Conclusion: Reflections on the ‘great’ inter-war era Discussion questions Further reading

10 The Cold War and after

Contents Introduction The beginnings of the Cold War, 1945–53 The Cold War spreads, 1953–69 Détente and the ‘second’ Cold War, 1969–85 The end of the Cold War, 1985–91 The Cold War and International Relations Conclusion: The continuing legacy of the Cold War Discussion questions Further reading

Part 3 The traditional agenda

Contents 11 The modern state

Contents Introduction What is a state? Origins of the modern state The idea of the sovereign state

The meaning of state sovereignty Historical origins of the idea of state sovereignty

The triumph of the sovereign state: State-building as war-making

The rise of the modern state Disarming competing powers

Whither the sovereign state? Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

12 Nations and nationalism

Contents Introduction Terminological debates How nationalism shaped modern states and international society Understanding nations and nationalism in International Relations New nationalisms in contemporary world politics Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

13 Security

Contents Introduction Security and insecurity in the early twenty-first century Defining security Key theories and concepts

Realist approaches Liberal approaches Constructivist approaches Critical and feminist approaches

Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

14 Arms control

Contents Introduction What is arms control? Why do states engage in arms-control practices? Cold War arms control Why is arms control still important? New initiatives in arms control: Conventional weapons Arms control and International Relations theory Nuclear weapons: A special case? The Humanitarian Initiative and a treaty banning nuclear weapons Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

15 The causes of war

Contents Introduction The causes of war and International Relations The causes of war: Questions and answers

Necessary conditions of war Common causal paths to war Contributory causes of war

Chance occurrences War-conducive mechanisms Key actions and inactions

Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

16 The changing character of warfare

Contents Introduction The diversity of warfare War as violence War as organised violence War and politics War as a case of ‘between’ War as large scale Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

17 The ethics and laws of war

Contents Introduction When is it right to fight (jus ad bellum)? How should war be waged (jus in bello)? Jus ad bellum dilemma: Pre-emptive self-defence Jus in bello dilemma: Suicide car bombs Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

18 International law

Contents Introduction What is international law? Sources of international law Debates about international law Contemporary examples of international law

The International Criminal Court The South China Sea

Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

19 The globalisation of international society

Contents Introduction International society and its expansion: Insights from the English School of International Relations The expansion of international society The English School’s rosy vision of the expansion of international society The expansion of international society: An unfinished project? Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

20 Diplomacy

Contents Introduction Defining diplomacy: What is diplomacy and who are the diplomats? The evolution of diplomacy

Pre-modern diplomacy Modern diplomacy in the Westphalian era The future of diplomacy in a post-Westphalian world

Trends

Modern diplomacy still rules Less negotiating, more representation and lobbying Getting out of the embassy The rise of the hyphenated diplomat

Diplomacy and the study of International Relations Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

21 Great powers

Contents Introduction What is a great power? The great powers in historical perspective The great powers in the theory of International Relations

The great powers and international order The great powers and international change

The great powers after the Cold War Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

Part 4 The new agenda

Contents 22 The United Nations

Contents Introduction The United Nations in the Charter The principal organs of the United Nations The United Nations as actor, forum and resource

The United Nations as an actor The United Nations as a forum The United Nations as a resource

Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

23 Non-state actors: Multinational corporations and international non-governmental organisations

Contents Introduction Multinational corporations: Transnationalised material power

Transnationalisation: Multinational corporations

International agency: Social formation Political status and influence

International non-governmental organisations: Transnationalised normative power

Transnationalisation: INGOs International agency: Social formation Political status and influence

Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

24 Religion and secularism

Contents Introduction Religion and International Relations History of a concept: Secularism Secularism and world politics The politics of secularism in the Middle East and North Africa

Tunisia Iran Beyond the politics of ‘secular versus religious’

Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

25 Global economic institutions

Contents Introduction Global governance and the global economy Perspectives on global economic institutions Global economic institutions and the management of the global economy

The International Monetary Fund The World Bank The World Trade Organization

The global economic institutions and contemporary challenges Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

26 Global trade and finance

Contents Introduction Who is afraid of the global economic system? The rise and fall of the Bretton Woods system, 1946–71 Domestic stagflation, international over-lending and international competitiveness, 1972–81 Debt crises at home and abroad, 1982–92 Talking about architecture, 1993–2004 Promises, promises: Credit booms and liquidity busts, 2004–16 Conclusion: Crisis, cooperation and the re-emergence of economic nationalism Discussion questions Further reading

27 Global poverty, inequality and development

Contents Introduction Global poverty and inequality in development A relational approach to global poverty, inequality and development From the Millennium Development Goals to the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals

Perspectives on the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals Advocates of the MDG and SDG initiatives Critics of the MDG and SDG initiatives

Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

28 Globalisation and its critics

Contents Introduction Understanding globalisation Anti-capitalist politics Scholarly critiques of globalisation Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

29 Terrorism

Contents Introduction When and why did this issue become important to the study of International Relations? What are the major issues and debates in the study of terrorism?

The definition of terrorism How to distinguish terrorism from related concepts

What are the most useful concepts for understanding and analysing this topic?

Typologies of terrorism Waves of terrorism in modern history Strategies of terrorism

What is at stake in this issue? Why and to whom does it matter? Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

30 Post-conflict state-building

Contents Introduction The rise of post-conflict state-building The post-conflict state-building agenda The politics of post-conflict state-building Critics of the current agenda Impacts of post-conflict state-building The future of post-conflict state-building Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

31 Humanitarianism and armed intervention

Contents Introduction The origins of humanitarianism A short history of humanitarian intervention The responsibility to protect Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

32 Human rights

Contents Introduction The historical development of an idea The human rights idea today The politics of liberal universalism The future of human rights Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

33 Migration and refugees

Contents Introduction States, refugees and immigrants Controlling migration: A brief history The origins and purposes of refugee law

Origins Purposes

The distribution of refugees around the world The present situation Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

34 Global environmental politics

Contents Introduction The rise of the environment as a global political problem Key discourses

From limits to growth to sustainable development Ecological security Environmental justice

Theories of global environmental politics

Realism and neoliberal institutionalism From critical theory to global political ecology

The United States as the swinging climate state Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

35 Climate change

Contents Introduction A brief history of climate change politics

The organisation of the negotiations

Explaining the global politics of climate change Conclusion Discussion questions Further reading

Glossary References Index Acknowledgements

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