Hands-On Network Programming With C by Winkle, Lewis Van -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page Copyright and Credits

Hands-On Network Programming with C

Dedication About Packt

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Contributors

About the author About the reviewer Packt is searching for authors like you

Preface

Who this book is for What this book covers To get the most out of this book

Download the example code files Download the color images Conventions used

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Reviews

Section 1 - Getting Started with Network Programming Introducing Networks and Protocols

Technical requirements The internet and C OSI layer model TCP/IP layer model Data encapsulation Internet Protocol

What is an address?

Domain names Internet routing

Local networks and address translation Subnetting and CIDR Multicast, broadcast, and anycast

Port numbers Clients and servers Putting it together What's your address? Listing network adapters from C

Listing network adapters on Windows Listing network adapters on Linux and macOS

Summary Questions

Getting to Grips with Socket APIs

Technical requirements What are sockets? Socket setup Two types of sockets Socket functions Anatomy of a socket program

TCP program flow UDP program flow

Berkeley sockets versus Winsock sockets

Header files Socket data type Invalid sockets Closing sockets Error handling

Our first program

A motivating example Making it networked Working with IPv6 Supporting both IPv4 and IPv6 Networking with inetd

Summary Questions

An In-Depth Overview of TCP Connections

Technical requirements Multiplexing TCP connections

Polling non-blocking sockets Forking and multithreading The select() function

Synchronous multiplexing with select()

select() timeout Iterating through an fd_set select() on non-sockets

A TCP client

TCP client code

A TCP server

TCP server code Building a chat room

Blocking on send() TCP is a stream protocol Summary Questions

Establishing UDP Connections

Technical requirements How UDP sockets differ

UDP client methods UDP server methods

A first UDP client/server

A simple UDP server A simple UDP client

A UDP server Summary Questions

Hostname Resolution and DNS

Technical requirements How hostname resolution works

DNS record types DNS security

Name/address translation functions

Using getaddrinfo() Using getnameinfo() Alternative functions IP lookup example program

The DNS protocol

DNS message format DNS message header format Question format Answer format Endianness A simple DNS query

A DNS query program

Printing a DNS message name Printing a DNS message Sending the query

Summary Questions Further reading

Section 2 - An Overview of Application Layer Protocols Building a Simple Web Client

Technical requirements The HTTP protocol

HTTP request types HTTP request format HTTP response format HTTP response codes Response body length

What's in a URL

Parsing a URL

Implementing a web client HTTP POST requests

Encoding form data File uploads

Summary Questions Further reading

Building a Simple Web Server

Technical requirements The HTTP server

The server architecture

Content types

Returning Content-Type from a filename

Creating the server socket Multiple connections buffering

get_client() drop_client() get_client_address() wait_on_clients() send_400() send_404() serve_resource()

The main loop Security and robustness

Open source servers

Summary Questions Further reading

Making Your Program Send Email

Technical requirements Email servers

SMTP security Finding an email server

SMTP dialog The format of an email A simple SMTP client program Enhanced emails

Email file attachments

Spam-blocking pitfalls Summary Questions Further reading

Section 3 - Understanding Encrypted Protocols and OpenSSL Loading Secure Web Pages with HTTPS and OpenSSL

Technical requirements HTTPS overview Encryption basics

Symmetric ciphers Asymmetric ciphers How TLS uses ciphers

The TLS protocol

Certificates Server name identification

OpenSSL

Encrypted sockets with OpenSSL Certificates

A simple HTTPS client Other examples Summary Questions Further reading

Implementing a Secure Web Server

Technical requirements HTTPS and OpenSSL summary

Certificates Self-signed certificates with OpenSSL

HTTPS server with OpenSSL

Time server example A full HTTPS server

HTTPS server challenges

OpenSSL alternatives Alternatives to TLS

Summary Questions Further reading

Establishing SSH Connections with libssh

Technical requirements The SSH protocol libssh

Testing out libssh Establishing a connection

SSH authentication

Server authentication Client authentication

Executing a remote command Downloading a file Summary Questions Further reading

Section 4 - Odds and Ends Network Monitoring and Security

Technical requirements The purpose of network monitoring Testing reachability

Checking a route How traceroute works Raw sockets

Checking local connections Snooping on connections

Deep packet inspection Capturing all network traffic

Network security

Application security and safety

Network-testing etiquette Summary Questions Further reading

Socket Programming Tips and Pitfalls

Technical requirements Error handling

Obtaining error descriptions

TCP socket tips

Timeout on connect() TCP flow control and avoiding deadlock Congestion control The Nagle algorithm Delayed acknowledgment Connection tear-down The shutdown() function Preventing address-in-use errors Sending to a disconnected peer

Socket's local address Multiplexing with a large number of sockets Summary Questions

Web Programming for the Internet of Things

Technical requirements What is the IoT? Connectivity options

Wi-Fi Ethernet Cellular Bluetooth IEEE 802.15.4 WPANs

Hardware choices

Single-board computers Microcontrollers FPGAs

External transceivers and modems IoT protocols Firmware updates Ethics of IoT

Privacy and data collection End-of-life planning Security

Summary Questions

Answers to Questions

Chapter 1, Introducing Networks and Protocols Chapter 2, Getting to Grips with Socket APIs Chapter 3, An In-Depth Overview of TCP Connections Chapter 4, Establishing UDP Connections Chapter 5, Hostname Resolution and DNS Chapter 6, Building a Simple Web Client Chapter 7, Building a Simple Web Server Chapter 8, Making Your Program Send Email Chapter 9, Loading Secure Web Pages with HTTPS and OpenSSL Chapter 10, Implementing a Secure Web Server Chapter 11, Establishing SSH Connections with libssh Chapter 12, Network Monitoring and Security Chapter 13, Socket Programming Tips and Pitfalls Chapter 14, Web Programming for the Internet of Things

Setting Up Your C Compiler on Windows

Installing MinGW GCC Installing Git Installing OpenSSL Installing libssh Alternatives

Setting Up Your C Compiler on Linux

Installing GCC Installing Git Installing OpenSSL Installing libssh

Setting Up Your C Compiler on macOS

Installing Homebrew and the C compiler Installing OpenSSL Installing libssh

Example Programs

Code license Code included with this book

Chapter 1 – Introducing Networks and Protocols Chapter 2 – Getting to Grips with Socket APIs Chapter 3 – An In-Depth Overview of TCP Connections Chapter 4 – Establishing UDP Connections Chapter 5 – Hostname Resolution and DNS Chapter 6 – Building a Simple Web Client Chapter 7 – Building a Simple Web Server Chapter 8 – Making Your Program Send Email Chapter 9 – Loading Secure Web Pages with HTTPS and OpenSSL Chapter 10 – Implementing a Secure Web Server Chapter 11 – Establishing SSH Connections with libssh Chapter 12 – Network Monitoring and Security Chapter 13 – Socket Programming Tips and Pitfalls Chapter 14 – Web Programming for the Internet of Things

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