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Index
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Ungendering Civilization
Contributors
Preface
Introduction Rethinking Complex Society
Professor Wolf at the Door
Riding the Second Wave
Women as “People Without History”
The Essence of Womanhood
Animal Muddles
Family Values: The Functional Models
Postmodern Science: Resisting the Bad Questions
Women with a Past
The Riddle of the Rodeo Queen
The Remaking of Nations
Questionable States
In the End
References Cited
Chapter 1: Gendered States Gender and Agency in Economic Models of Great Zimbabwe
Theorizing Gender and the State
Archaeology on the Zimbabwe Plateau
Cattle
Trade
Conclusion
References Cited
Chapter 2: The Use and Abuse of Ethnographic Analogies in Interpretations of Gender Systems at Cahokia
Introduction
Physical Environment
Mississippian Period at Cahokia
Ethnographic Analogy
Sweatlodges and Menstrual Huts in the Ethnohistorical and Archaeological Record
Two-Spirits in Native North American Cultures
Archaeological Interpretations of Two-Spirits
Conclusion
Note
References Cited
Chapter 3: The “Marauding Pagan Warrior” Woman
Viking Archaeology: An Overview
Life in the Viking Age
No, They Were Not All Men…
Whither Gender
Notes
References Cited
Chapter 4: Tracing Women in Early Sumer
Essentializing Ancient Mesopotamia: Identifications and the Past
Imagining a Civilization
Sources on Women: The Late Uruk Period
The State of Research
Identifying Gender
Women in the Economy
Domestic and Public Labor
Women and State Formation
Female Rulers and Rulers’ Wives
Women in the Cult
Conclusion
Notes
References Cited
Chapter 5: Leaders, Healers, Laborers, and Lovers Reinterpreting Women’s Roles in Moche Society
The Implications of the Past for the Present: Using the Past as Justification
Re-Visiting the Moche
Interpreting the Past Through Participant Observation and Ethnohistorical Approaches
Gender and Women’s Roles in the Moche State
Conclusion
References Cited
Chapter 6: The Benefits of an Archaeology of Gender for Predynastic Egypt
Introduction
Egypt as a Topic of Conversation
Women in Ancient Egypt
The Egyptian Predynastic Period
Women in the Predynastic Period
Ethnographic Analyses
Mortuary Studies
Symbolism in Artifacts
Physical Anthropology
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References Cited
Chapter 7: All the Harappan Men are Naked, but the Women are Wearing Jewelry
Subsistence
Polity and Hierarchy
Economy
Ideology and the Economic Goddess: Figurines, Bangles, and Beads
Paradigmatic Reflections
Notes
References Cited
Chapter 8: Oh My Goddess a Meditation on Minoan Civilization
Conclusion
References Cited
Chapter 9: Ungendering the Maya
Exploiting the Women of Tikal: New Data for Old Models
A Space–Time Continuum: The Mesoamerican “Woman”
The Documents in the Case
The Spoils of War
Constructing a Valuable History
The Ungendered Dead
Arts, Crafts and Specialists
In Conclusion
References Cited
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