Ancient and Medieval Concepts of Friendship by Gurtler, Gary M. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Copyright Contents Preface Part 1: Plato and Aristotle

1 Philia in Plato

Introduction 1. Friendship and the Laws of Attraction: Leg. 8, 836e–837d

A. Three Kinds of Philia B. Friendship from Opposites C. Friendship from Resemblance and Mixed Friendship

2. Forms of Friendship in the Phaedrus 3. Civic Friendship in the Laws

A. Legislative Consequences B. Friendship and Legislation C. Virtuous friendship and civic friendship D. Civic Friendship and Equality

4. Civic Friendship in the Republic

A. Is Civic Friendship Possible in the Ideal City? B. Friendship and Resemblance

Conclusion Notes Bibliography

2 Aristotle on Friendship: Insight from the Four Causes

1. Introduction 2. Wishing the Good (boulesthai tagatha) 3. Good Will (eunoia) 4. Self-Love and Another Self (philein heauton kai allos autos) 5. Virtue and Activity 6. Conclusion Notes Bibliography

3 Souls Great and Small: Aristotle on Self-Knowledge, Friendship, and Civic Engagement

Introduction 1. A Translator’s Headache: Megalopsychia and Mikropsychia 2. Megalopsychia and Self-knowledge 3. Megalopsychia and Civic Friendship

A. The End of the City-State B. Egalitarian and Aristocratic Constitutions C. Civic Friendship D. The Megalopsychos as Friend

4. Mikropsychia 5. Conclusion Notes Bibliography

I Primary Literature II Secondary Literature

Part 2: Hellenistic Philosophers

4 Making Friends: The Stoic Conception of Love and Its Platonic Background

Introduction 1. Friendship as the Aim of Love

A. The Pedagogical Dimension of Stoic Love B. Love, Friendship, and the Beautiful

I. Love and the appearance of beauty II. Friendship and true beauty

2. The Platonic Background

A. Plato’s Symposium on Friendship as the Aim of Love B. Plato on Love as Philosophical C. Pedagogical v. Philosophical Love

3. The Good of Friend Making

A. Why Does the Sage Make Friends? B. The Stoics on Coincidental Goods C. Seneca on the Artistry of Friend-Making

I. The sage as an artist II. The use of virtues III. The need of friends

Conclusion Notes Bibliography

I Primary Literature II Secondary Literature

5 Erōs and Philia in Epicurean Philosophy

1. Epicurean Arguments against Erōs 2. Epicurean Friendship Bibliography

6 Cicero’s Stoic Friend as Resolution to the Paradoxes of Platonic Love: The Amicitia alongside the Symposium

Introduction Loving the oikeion To Love the Virtuous or Those like Ourselves? Desiring without Dependence Friendship Made to Last The Limits of Friendship Friends Old and New Love as Abundance Notes Bibliography

Part 3: Patristic and Medieval Philosophers

7 Friendship in Late Antiquity: The Case of Gregory Nazianzen and Basil the Great

1. Introduction: Classical and Christian Friendship 2. A Story of Friendship in Three Acts: From agapan to philein

2.1 First Betrayal: Friendship between Students 2.2 Second Betrayal: Friendship and the Philosophic Life 2.3 Third Betrayal: Friendship among Theologians

3. Friendship Redeemed: Gregory’s Final Achievement Notes Bibliography

8 Adiutrix Virtutum?: Augustine on Friendship and Virtue

I II III IV V VI VII VIII Notes Bibliography

9 Aelred of Rievaulx on Friendship

1. Introduction 2. Aelred’s Anthropology 3. Friendship as the Perfection of Attachment 4. Becoming a Friend 5. How to Be a Friend 6. The Foundation of Friendship 7. The Perfect Friendship of God Notes References

1. Primary Sources 2. Secondary Sources

10 Thomas Aquinas: Charity as Friendship

1. The Thirteenth-Century Reception of Aristotle’s Ethics 2. Aquinas’ Change on Friendship and Charity 3. Platonic Love in the Symposium 4. Aristotle’s Early Ethical Writings 5. Friendship in Aristotle’s Ethics 6. The Influence of the Ethics on Aquinas Notes Bibliography

Part 4: Enlightenment Thinkers

11 Aristotle and Kant on Self-Disclosure in Friendship

1. Introduction 2. Aristotle on Knowing Another Person in Friendship 3. Kant on Self-Disclosure in Friendship 4. Aristotle and Kant on Mutual Knowing in Friendship Notes Bibliography

12 The Platonic Roots of Hölderlin’s Concept of Friendship in Hyperion

Introduction 1. Aging and Rejuvenating 2. Death Is a Messenger of Life 3. Love Bore the World, Friendship Will Bear It Again Conclusion Notes Bibliography

Contributors Name Index Subject Index Back Cover

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