Infinite Suburbia by Berger, Alan -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Contents Acknowledgments Introduction

The Infinite Suburbia Roadmap The Drive for Upward Social Mobility Polycentric Metropolitan Form Metropolitan Economic Interrelationships Harnessing Ecological Productivity Scales of Governance The Future Polycentric Metropolis

1 The Drive for Upward Social Mobility

1.1 The Antisuburban Crusade

Three Periods of the Antisuburban Crusades The Second Wave The Third Wave of Criticism Criticism of the Suburbs and the Urban Future

1.2 The Divided Metropolis: The Suburb and the Explosion of Global Urbanization

Origins of Suburbia Social-Democratic Suburbia After Social Democracy Suburbia in Developing Countries East Asia’s New Towns The Suburban Challenge

1.3 Suburbia as a Class Issue

The Importance of Homeownership Suburbs as Aspirational Geography The Assault on the Suburban Dream Suburbs: The Last Egalitarian Geography The New Suburban Population Preserving an Aspirational Geography

1.4 Millennials’ Hearts Are in the Suburbs

Suburbs Change with the Generations Millennials Want a Suburban Home of Their Own Millennials Will Remake America’s Suburbs Unleashing the Millennial Transformation of America’s Suburbs

1.5 Suburban Holy Land

The Commonplace Community Suburbia Photographed: The Shock of the New Suburbia’s Imperfections through a Humble Lens

1.6 Mexico’s Suburban Dream

The International Movement From Satellite City to Suburb The Evolution of Identity and Mexico City Today

1.7 Australia’s Misplaced War on the Suburban Dream

A Short History of Housing in Australia The Brawl over Sprawl Affordability Worsens Conclusion

1.8 How Britain’s Greenbelts Choke Suburbs and Force Up Prices

The Planning System Spiraling Housing Costs Social Inequality The Solution

1.9 The Myth of Homogeneous Suburbia

Transportation Expands Suburbia Self-Built Suburbs Industrial Suburbs Postwar Growth Cosmopolitanism and Class Diversity in Suburbia

1.10 Reexamining Race and Ethnicity in the Suburbs

Two Metros in Different Regions New York Metropolitan Area Los Angeles Metropolitan Area Putting Suburbs into Perspective

1.11 The Grorud Valley: Borderline Suburbia

Geomorphology Nature and Recreation in Norwegian Culture History of Park Planning in the Grorud Valley Future Grorud: Global Satellite Town

2 Polycentric Metropolitan Form

2.1 Engaging with the Planet’s Urban Expansion

Urban Expansion Is Greatest in Developing Countries The Urban Extent Urban Layouts at the Periphery Block Sizes and Road Density The Implications of an Infinite Suburbia

2.2 Sprawl of the Century: Contemporary Chinese Suburbia 2.3 Measuring Urban Cores and Suburbs in the United States

Homeowners and Automobile Owners Conventional Analysis Principal Cities The City Sector Model Population Trends in Twenty-First-Century Cities Employment and Employment Trends Average Commute Times Work Access between 2000 and 2010 Housing Preferences Demographic Trends What the City Sector Model Reveals

2.4 The Continued Suburbanization of America

What Is a Suburb? Housing Recovery Favors the Suburbs The Housing Cycle and the Longer-Term View Will Suburbanization Reverse in the Future? The Role of Housing Prices in Suburbanization The Role of Public Policy in Suburbanization

2.5 Transport Defines Suburbia

Suburban Expansion in Canada Built-Form Methods Transportation Methods Suburbs in Smaller Cities—Census Agglomerations A Suburban Nation

2.6 Interburbia: Ground Truthing US Metropolitan Urbanization

The Rise of the MSA An Enduring Role for the Automobile Metro Area Case Study 1: Denver Metropolitan Area Denver Transportation Trends Metro Area Case Study 2: Atlanta Metropolitan Area Atlanta Transportation Trends Toward Interburbia Summary

2.7 Driving While Suburban

Population Growth Varies Widely Labor Force Moves Transportation Modes The Case of Fairfax County, Virginia National Commuting Flow Patterns and Trends

2.8 Megaregional Australia in the Twenty-First Century

Planning Shortcomings A Model for the Future

2.9 Health, Transportation, and the Community-Built Environment

Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Noise Health and Neighborhood Design Green and Blue Spaces The Next Step: Health Impact Assessment in Community Planning

2.10 Health Advantages in Suburbs

Health Behaviors Ranking Suburban Clinical Care Social and Economic Factors in Suburban Health Suburbia’s Physical Environment Suburbia’s Final Scores

3 Metropolitan Economic Interrelationships

3.1 Trading Places among Cities and Suburbs

Gains from Trade Homogeneity versus Heterogeneity The Evolution of Metropolitan Structure Implications for Policy

3.2 Suburbs in the Metropolitan Economy

New Suburbs: Exurbia Postsuburbs The Mall as an Economic Trading Place The Airport as an Economic Trading Place The Corporate Campus as an Economic Trading Place Stable, Affluent Suburbs Declining Suburbs and Historic Cities as Suburbs Suburbia’s Economic Wins and Losses

3.3 Why Should Suburbs Care about Cities?

Measuring Economic Shocks Study Results The Effect of Industrial Diversity The Bottom Line for Urban Planners

3.4 Six Types of High-Technology Districts

High-Technology District Types Corridors Clumps Cores Campuses Tech Subdivisions Scattered Sites Regional-Scale Clusters Future Evolution

3.5 Creative Suburbia: Cultural Innovation in Outer Suburban Australia

Suburbs on the Cultural Fault Line Creative Workers in the Suburbs The Creative Lifestyle Losses and Gains for Creative Work in the Suburbs Questioning Inner-Urban Bias Suburban Diversity Policies for Suburban Creative Industries

3.6 The Global Suburb: Divesting from the World’s White Picket Fences

The Anglo-Saxon Suburb Revisited Homeownership Industrialization Displacement Globalized Sub/Urbanization Urban Theory after the Suburban Explosion The Incomparable Suburb

3.7 Spain’s Speculative Urbanization

The Spanish Story Urbanize Everything! Housing Bubbles and the Periphery How Infrastructure Fueled the Boom Doubling Down on Urbanization Global Speculative Urbanization Operating Systems and Unintended Outcomes

3.8 Navi Mumbai: From New Town to Suburbia

Governance, Policy, and Land Markets Navi Mumbai in the Twenty-First Century The Importance of an Urban Design Vision India’s Suburban Imagination

3.9 Postsuburban Johannesburg

Real Estate Capitalism Building Postsuburbia The Uneven Topographies of Postsuburbia Inadequacy of Land-Use Planning Conclusion

3.10 Subtracting the Suburbs

The Single Family Home as a Financial Instrument Interplay: Hacking the Suburban Operating System Playbook 1: The Distended Suburb Playbook 2: Rethinking Flood Plains How Growth and Subtraction Can Coexist

4 Harnessing Ecological Potential

4.1 Rediscovering the Nature of Suburbs

How Media Defined Suburbia The Suburban Roots of the Greens

4.2 The Cosmopolitan Ecology of Suburbia 4.3 Metabolic Suburbs, or The Virtue of Low Densities

What Are Suburbs? A Modest Proposal Public Goods in Private Ownership Ornamented Performance The Question of the Car The Necessity of Planning

4.4 Suburban Wetlandia

The Stormwater Problem Wetlands versus Cities New Infrastructure Paradigms Suburban Wetlandia Constructing the Future

4.5 Designing Backward for Suburbia

Thinking Backward and Inverse Problems The Strength of Weak Ties The Tyranny of Small Decisions Questioning, Experimenting, and Predicting Suburbias

4.6 Greening Sprawl: Lawn Culture and Carbon Storage in the Suburban Landscape

Homeowner Preferences Homeowners’ Cultural Aesthetic of Care and Neighborhood Norms Developers’ Perceptions of the Market for Suburban Homes Lot Size: Nudging Suburban Landscapes toward More Trees Tactics for Greening Sprawl by Storing Carbon in the Suburban Landscape

4.7 Belting Future Suburbia

The Static Greenbelt at the Dynamic Fringe New Spatial Patterns on the New Fringe The Developer’s Greenbelt The Not-So-Smart Greenbelt Innovative Approaches to Belting Process-Based Ways to Belt the Suburban Fringe The “Wastebelt” Vision The Waste Matrix Modular Plug-ins Wastewater-Supported Landscapes Energybelts Wetbelts Drossbelts Conclusion

4.8 The Horizontal Metropolis

Roots of the Horizontal Metropolis in Europe Foundational Research Isotropy: The Logic of Water Networks in the Horizontal Metropolis Brussels: Transportation Networks in the Horizontal Metropolis Switzerland: Energy Networks and Diffused Production in the Horizontal Metropolis A Revolution in Land Use: Another Broadacre City Beyond Suburbia

4.9 Sprawl Is Dead! Long Live the Low-Density City

An Archaeology of Urban Expansion A Precedent for the Low-Density City The Grammar of the Low-Density City Ecosystem Services, Cycles, and Actors Embracing Instability and Uncertainty Hampton Roads, Virginia: Experimentation and Preparedness Shifting Centrality across the Low-Density City

4.10 Willow Pond: Technologies for a Future Suburban Form

Sustainable Suburban Form Technological Adaptations: New Energy Systems More Adaptations: Recycling Water and Materials Sustainable Agriculture: Creating Food, Medicine, and Information Trends That Eased the Transition Barriers Overcome in the Transition A Look at the Benefits Is a Sustainable Suburban Form Possible?

4.11 The Power of Suburbia

Measuring Smart Energy Transport Energy Consumption Calculating Solar Energy Generation Potential Solar Energy Generation Potential and Density Conclusions

5 Scales of Governance

5.1 Between Power and Appearance: The Enterprise Suburbs of Silicon Valley 5.2 Coding Permanent Flexibility

Tools of Legibility and Control The “Climax End-State” Fallacy RGB (255,255,0) Yellow: The Highest and Best Use Is Zoned—Not Planned Ecology Evolving Policy From Object to System-Based Codes Opportunistic Suburbia Conclusion

5.3 Cities, Suburbs, and the Challenge of Metropolitan Governance

The Legal Structure of Metropolitan Areas The Costs of Fragmentation From Regional Government to Regional Governance Shortfalls of Regional Governance Mechanisms

5.4 Suburban Government and the Virtues of Local Control

The Suburban Preference The Benefits of Local Governance Preference for Suburbs: Quality of Education Development and Local Governance Balancing Governance and the Need for Services

5.5 Old Suburbs Meet New Urbanism

The Inner Ring Today The Inner Ring as a Distributional Problem The Inner Ring as an Aesthetic Problem: Enter the New Urbanism Countering Costlessness of New Urbanist Codes Rethinking the Older Suburbs

5.6 Beyond Suburbia? Urban Transitions across the Global South

Containment Strategies Payment for Ecosystem Services Green Enclaves Differential Sustainability at Work

5.7 Brazilian Suburbs: Marginality, Informality, and Exclusivity

Early Peri-Urbanization (until the 1960s) Peak Peri-Urbanization (1960s to 1980s) Fragmented Peri-Urbanization (1980s to 2000) Reorganized Peri-Urbanization (ince 2000) Emerging Polycentricity: Macrometrópole Paulista The Future of Brazilian Suburbs

5.8 Dachascapes and Dystopias

The Soviet Era Post-Soviet Suburbanization Trends Elite Highway Suburban Development Middle-Income Suburbanization Future Metropolitan Development

5.9 Turbo-Suburbanism in Luanda

Urban Growth in Postconflict Luanda Suburban Planning and Antiplanning Luxury Housing Compounds Social Housing and the Chinese Pop-Up Model Informal Settlements Life in Luanda’s New Suburbs Future Challenges

5.10 The Dark Side of Suburbia: Israeli Settlements of the West Bank

The Suburban Model on the West Bank The Suburb as Civilian Fortification The Walls of Suburbia

List of Contributors Illustration Credits Index

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