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Index
List of Contributors
Table of Cases
Table of Legislation and Analogous Documents
1. The Doctrine of Discovery
A. The Doctrine of Discovery
B. The Development of the International Law of Discovery
C. England and the Doctrine of Discovery
2. The Legal Adoption of Discovery in the United States
A. American Colonial Law of Discovery
1. Colonial statutory laws
2. Colonial courts
3. Royal attempts to enforce Discovery
B. American State Law of Discovery
1. State laws
2. State court cases
C. American Federal Law of Discovery
1. Articles of Confederation Congress 1781–1789
2. United States constitutional era
D. Fundamental Principles of Federal Indian Law
1. Plenary power
2. Trust doctrine
3. Diminished tribal sovereignty
3. The Doctrine of Discovery in United States History
A. 1789–1830
1. Secretary of State Jefferson
2. President Jefferson
3. Lewis and Clark expedition
4. Louisiana Purchase
5. Jefferson and Madison administrations
6. US Congress
7. Monroe administration
B. 1830–1850
1. Manifest Destiny
2. President James K Polk
3. Mexican-American War 1846–1848
4. American settlers
C. 1850–1887
D. 1887–1934
E. Conclusion
4. The Doctrine of Discovery in Canada
A. The Earth is Our Mother: Meta-Indigenous Conceptualizations of Our Relationship with Our Land
B. Indigenous Ideologies and Understandings
C. Indigenous Identification of Problems with Colonial Research, History, and Narrative
D. The Doctrine of Discovery
1. Defined
2. Sources
3. Theory
4. Practice
E. The Doctrine of Discovery in Canada: Early Era
1. Colonizer philosophies and law
2. Colonizing belief and peoples
F. Early Documentation
1. Constitutional documents
2. Treaties
3. Legislation
4. Early case law
G. Conclusion
5. Contemporary Canadian Resonance of an Imperial Doctrine
A. Contemporary Documentation
1. Constitutional documentation
2. Terra nullius
3. Treaty cases and Canadian treaty interpretation
4. Legislation
5. Canadian case law
B. Changing Policy and Modern Day Agreements
C. Conclusion
6. The Doctrine of Discovery in Australia
A. First Contacts
B. Aboriginal Society and Practices
C. Claiming Australia
D. Invasion
E. Asserting the Doctrine of Discovery
F. Terra Nullius as the Exercise of the Doctrine of Discovery
G. Contesting Terra Nullius
H. Why no Treaty?
7. Asserting the Doctrine of Discovery in Australia
A. Drafting the Australian Constitution
B. The Legacy of the Framers
C. Challenging the Status Quo
D. The Mabo Case: Overturning the Doctrine of Terra Nullius
E. Legislative Recognition of Rights
F. Land Rights Legislation
G. Contemporary Aspirations for the Recognition of Sovereignty and the Protection of Indigenous Rights
H. ‘The Northern Territory Intervention’: Continuing Legislative Power over Aboriginal People and their Rights
1. Welfare quarantining
2. Housing policy
8. Asserting the Doctrine of Discovery in Aotearoa New Zealand: 1840–1960s
A. Background
B. Claiming Sovereignty: Treaty of Waitangi 1840
C. Symonds 1847
D. Native Acts 1860s
E. Wi Parata 1877
F. Privy Council Decisions Early 1900s
G. Cases and Policy in the 1960s
H. Conclusion
9. The Still Permeating Influence of the Doctrine of Discovery in Aotearoa/New Zealand: 1970s–2000s
A. Case Law Era
1. Te Weehi 1986
2. Lands case 1987
3. Muriwhenua Te Ika Whenua and McRitchie 1990s
4. Ngati Apa 2003
B. Settlement Statute Era
1. National parks
2. Foreshore and seabed
C. Future Constitutional Era
1. A constitutional document?
2. Reciprocity principle
D. Wider Judicial Support
E. Conclusion
10. Concluding Comparatively: Discovery in the English Colonies
A. Comparative Law
B. Comparative Analysis
1. First discovery
2. Actual occupancy and current possession
3. Preemption/European title
4. Indian/Native title
5. Indigenous nations limited sovereign and commercial rights
6. Contiguity
7. Terra nullius
8. Christianity
9. Civilization
10. Conquest
11. Summary
C. Conclusion
Bibliography
Index
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