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Index
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Tables
Preface and Acknowledgements
Maps
Introduction
Three Wars, Three Constitutions and Three Coups
Between India and Afghanistan: Caught in a Pincer Movement?
The Pakistani Paradox
Part One: Nationalism without a Nation—And Even without a People?
1. The Socio-Ethnic Origins of Indian Muslim Separatism: The Reform Phase (1857–1906)
The Crushing of the 1857 Revolt and Reactions of the Muslim Elite
From the Aligarh Movement to the Muslim League
Muslimhood as a Communal Ideology
2. An Elite in Search of a State—and a Nation (1906–1947)
Muslim Politics beyond the North Indian Elite
Jinnah, the Congress and the Muslim-majority Provinces
Majority Muslims versus Minority Muslims
Jinnah’s Strategy
The 1946 Elections: What Turning Point?
3. Islamic State or a Collection of Ethnic Groups? From One Partition to the Next
Jinnah’s Nation-State: Between “The Poison Of Provincialism” and the Indian Threat
Stillborn Federalism and the Unresolved Ethno-linguistic Issue
Muhajirs and Punjabis, Founding Fathers of a Unitary and Centralised State
Bengali Separatism: Mujibur Rahman, the Two-Economy Theory and the Centre’s Overreaction
4. Five Ethnic Groups for One Nation: Between Support and Alienation
The Pakistanisation of Sindh
The Baloch Self-Determination Movement
The Pashtuns, from Pashtunistan to Pakhtunkwa
Muhajir Militancy—and its Limitations
National Integration through Federalism and Regionalisation of Politics?
Part Two: Neither Democracy nor Autocracy?
5. Impossible Democracy or Impossible Democrats?
An Initial Democratic Design Aborted (1947–1958)
Democratisation, Separatism and Authoritarianism (1969–1977)
Civilians under Influence—and Prone to Lawlessness (1988–1999)
A Democratic “Transition” without Transfer of Power? (2007–2013)
The 2013 Elections: What “New Pakistan”?
The 2014 Crisis: Imran Khan, Qadri, Nawaz Sharif and the Army
6. Variable-Geometry Military Dictatorship
Ayub Khan, an “Enlightened Dictator”?
Zia: A Modern Tyrant
Musharraf, a New Ayub Khan?
7. The Judiciary, the Media and NGOs: In Search of Opposition Forces
The Judges: From Submission to Control?
The Press: A Fifth Estate?
The Opposite of Tocqueville: Democratisation without Civil Society?
The Election Commission—a Work in Progress
Part Three: Islam: Territorial Ideology or Political Religion?
8. From Jinnah’s Secularism to Zia’s Islamisation Policy
What Islam, for What Policy? (1947–1969)
Islamisation and the Politics of Legitimation (1969–1988)
9. Jihadism, Sectarianism and Talibanism: From Military/Mullah Cooperation to 9/11
The Rise of Sectarianism or the Invention of a New Enemy Within
From One Jihad to Another: From Afghanistan to Kashmir and Back
The Taliban: the Price of “Friendship”
The 11 September 2001 Attacks: A Watershed Moment
Musharraf and the Islamists: A Selective Break
10. Toward Civil War? The State vs. (some) Islamists and the Islamists vs. the Minorities
The Islamists, a Social and Political Force
The State’s Double Game in Pashtun Areas—and the Islamists’ Measured Response
The Rise of Extremes
The Army: Accomplice and/or Out of Its Depth?
Punjab, New Land of Conquest?
Minorities under Attack
Conclusion
One Syndrome, Three Contradictions
The Fourth Dimension: Elites Backed by External Support
After 16 December 2014: What “Post-Peshawar” Pakistan?
Glossary
List of acronyms
Bibliography
Index
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