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Index
Acknowledgments
Preface
What You Need
How to Use This Book
Schematics
Dimensions
Math
Organization
If Something Doesn’t Work
Writer-Reader Communication
Me Informing You
You Informing Me
You Asking Me
Before You Write
Going Further
A Note from the Publisher: Safari Books Online
Setup
Power Source
Regulation
Boarding School
Wiring
Grabbing
Component Storage
Verifying
1. Experiment 1: Sticky Resistance
A Glue-Based Amplifier
What’s Happening
Symbology
Warning: Nonstandard Leads
Background: Conductors and Insulators
Make Even More
2. Experiment 2: Getting Some Numbers
Requirements
Transistor Behavior
Warning: Meter at Risk!
Abbreviations and Datasheets
What About the Voltage?
Quick Facts About Voltage
Make Even More: Old-School Metering
Quick Facts About Transistors
Answers to Voltage Divider Examples
3. Experiment 3: From Light to Sound
Photosensitive Audio Pitch
4. Experiment 4: Measuring Light
Using Phototransistors
Quick Facts About Phototransistors
Background: Photons and Electrons
Quick Facts About the 555
Quick Facts About CMOS Versus Bipolar
5. Experiment 5: That Whooping Sound
Make Even More
6. Experiment 6: Easy On, Easy Off
Making Comparisons
Quick Facts About Comparators
Feedback
Hysteresis
The Symbol
Quick Facts About Plus and Minus
The Output
More Quick Facts About Comparators
Inside the Chip
The Circuit Redrawn
Warning: Inverted Comparators
Comparisons with a Microcontroller
Make Even More: A Laser-Based Security System
7. Experiment 7: It’s Chronophotonic!
Warning: Avoid Dangerous Voltage
The Circuit Basics
Step Two
Circuit Testing
Relay Details
The Coupling Capacitor
Cracking a Clock
Warning: No AC-Powered Clocks!
Looking Inside
Clock Voltage
How It Beeps
Using the Beeps
Hooking Up the Clock
How It Ought to Work
Testing
Connecting Relay to Lamp
Warning: AC Precautions
Make Even More
What’s Next?
8. Experiment 8: Adventures in Audio
Amping Up
Introducing the Electret
Can You Hear Me?
Background: Microphone Miscellany
Ups and Downs of Sound
9. Experiment 9: From Millivolts to Volts
Putting a Cap on It
Introducing the Op-Amp
What’s the Difference?
A Perfect Pair
Measuring the Output
10. Experiment 10: From Sound to Light
An LED-Transistor Combination
11. Experiment 11: The Need for Negativity
Messing with Measurement
DC Amplification
The Ins and Outs of Amplification
Electronic Ritalin
Gain
Background: Negative Origins
Pushing the Limits
No Pain, No Gain!
Phase 1: Output Voltages
Phase 2: Input Voltages
Phase 3: Graphing It
Phase 4: The Gain
Is It Right?
Splitting the Difference
The Basics
Basic with No Split
Quick Facts About Op-Amps
12. Experiment 12: A Functional Amplifier
Introducing the 386 Chip
The Amplification Circuit
Troubleshooting the Amplifier
13. Experiment 13: No Loud Speaking!
Background: The Widlar Story
Step by Step
Sensing
Will It Really Work?
Background: Voltage Translation
Noise Protest, Continued
Power Problems
Fail?
Just One More Little Thing
14. Experiment 14: A Successful Protest
Timing Is Everything
Revision Summary
The Noise Test
Make Even More
Can You Do It with a Microcontroller?
What’s Next?
15. Experiment 15: It’s All So Logical!
Experiment 15: Telepathy Test
Background: ESP
The Setup
Quick Facts About Logic Chips
ESP Logic
Building It
Making It Better
16. Experiment 16: Enhanced ESP
Are You Ready?
Cheating Revealed
Failure Indicated
Conflicts
The Untangling
Translating the Chart
Optimizing
Building It
Details
The Digital Difference
Making It Even Better
Not So Simple?
Could We Use a Microcontroller?
17. Experiment 17: Let’s Rock!
Background: Probability
Background: Game Theory
The Logic
Who’s On?
Who’s Cheating?
Background: Gate Arrays
18. Experiment 18: Time to Switch
Background: An XNOR Made from Light Switches
Back to the Rock
Showing Which Button
Cheat Proofing
Fit to Be Tied
Wiring It
Cheat-Proofed Wiring
Conclusion
19. Experiment 19: Decoding Telepathy
Decoder Testing
Remembering Binary
Boarding It
Decoder Pinouts
20. Experiment 20: Decoding Rock, Paper, Scissors
The Logic
The Specification
An Unobtainable Or
Saved by NOR
Boarding the Simplified Scheme
Make Even More
Undecoding
21. Experiment 21: The Hot Slot
Muxing It
Jumping and Roaming
Quick Facts About Muxes
Mux Pinouts
Mux Applications
Analog Versus Digital Mux
Quick Facts About Mux Variants
Game Design
Slot Counting
Circuit Design
Slot Design
Hot Slot Testing
Who Wins?
The Payoff
Understanding the Odds
Background: Alternative Game Arrays
And a Microcontroller?
22. Experiment 22: Logically Audible
Background: Neither Here nor Theremin
Logical Audio
Audible XOR
All Mixed Up
23. Experiment 23: A Puzzling Project
Background: The British King of Puzzles
Moving Counters
The Logical Grid
Using Logic
Switching Ovid
Making Even More
Answer to the Puzzle
24. Experiment 24: Adding It Up
The Five Rules of Binary
From Bits to States
Background: The NAND Alternative
Your Own Little Adder
Breadboard Addition
25. Experiment 25: Enhancing Your Adder
Return of the Decoder
DIPping In
Introducing an Encoder
Other Encoder Features
Background: The Power of Binary
Background: Encode Your Own
Make Even More: Other Input Options
Can We Switch It?
Make Even More: Switched Binary Adder
Making a Table
Switch Specification
Make Even More: Other Possibilities
26. Experiment 26: Running Rings
Ring Demo
Warning: Timer Incompatibilities
Annoying Pin Sequence
Quick Facts About Headers
Quick Facts About Ring Counters
Making a Game of It
Additional Features
Playability
Make Even More
And a Microcontroller?
27. Experiment 27: Shifting Bits
No Bouncing!
Specifics
A Bit-Shifting Demo
Quick Facts About Shift Registers
Pinouts
Background: Bit Streams
Modern Applications
28. Experiment 28: The Ching Thing
Hexagrams
The Display
The Straight and Yarrow Path
The Numbers
Random Sampling
The Look and Feel
The Details
Bars or LEDs
Boarding the Ching Thing
Assembly and Testing
Ching Usage
Packaging
29. Experiment 29: Common Sensors
The Little Magnetic Switch
Reed Test
How It Works
Level Sensor
Fuel Gauge
Quick Facts About Reed Switches
Easy Substitution
Installing a Reed Switch
Background: Magnetic Polarity
Magnetic Types and Sources
Magnetic Shapes
Make Even More: Eddy Currents
Warning: Magnetic Hazards
30. Experiment 30: Hidden Detectors
Hall Test
Applications
Quick Facts About Hall Sensors
Hall Types
Sensor Ideas
Make Even More: Miniature Roll-the-Ball Game
Plastic Bending
Rolling-Ball Electronics
31. Experiment 31: Electronic Optics
Active Light Sensors
Warning: Slow Sensor Death!
The Numbers
Infrared Sensor Test
Infrared LED Test
Phototransistor Test
Logic Test
Options
Quick Facts About Transmissive Optical Sensors
Better Slots
Proof of Concept
The Schematic
The Breadboard
The Slot Box
32. Experiment 32: Enhancing Ovid
The Logic Option
Switching It Around
Magnetic Issues
Make Even More: Microcontrolling It
33. Experiment 33: Reading Rotation
Defining a Rotational Encoder
Specification
The Pulse Train
Warning: Mediocre Encoders
Inside the Encoder
Encoder Usage
It Can Be Random
Rotational Decider
Rotational Equivocator
Seriously Random
34. Experiment 34: Ambient Sensing
One Timer Controlling Another
Temperature Control
Random Factors
Automating the Randomizing Circuit
Background: Lower Counting
Speed Adjustment
Quick Facts About Thermistors
Making a Thermistor More Random
Humidity Sensor
Humidity Control
Accelerometer
Touch Sensor
Empirical Issues
How Random Is Random?
35. Experiment 35: The LFSR
Getting to Know Your LFSR
Quick Facts About a LFSR
Bit-Shifting in Closeup
The Problem with Zeroes
The Need to Be Nonrepeating
Warning: XNOR Idiosyncracies
Running the Test
Ones and Zeroes
The Problem of Weighting
Skipping 254
Sharing the Clock Input
Any Other Options?
Seeding
Make Even More: Other Games and Other Numbers
Make Even More: Microcontroller Randomicity
36. Experiment 36: The One-Person Paranormal Paradigm
The Last Logic Diagrams
Looking at Part 2
Input Logic
The Ready Signal
Random Seeding
Two More XORs
Timing is Everything
Making Every Guess Count
Schematic Part 2
Testing the Tester
How Unlikely Is ESP?
Powers of the Triangle
John Walker’s Probabilities
37. Is That All?
A. Bibliography
B. Shopping for Parts
The Kit Option
Sources
Generic Components
Resistors
Capacitors
LEDs
LEDs with internal resistor
Warning: Series Resistors
Chip Family Basics
Transistors
Switches
Power Supply, Breadboards, and Wiring
Minimum Shopping: Experiments 1 Through 14
Minimum Shopping: Experiments 15 Through 25
Minimum Shopping: Experiments 26 Through 36
Moderate Shopping: Experiments 1 Through 14
Moderate Shopping: Experiments 15 Through 25
Moderate Shopping: Experiments 26 Through 36
Maximum Shopping, Experiments 1 Through 14
Maximum Shopping: Experiments 15 Through 25
Maximum Shopping: Experiments 26 Through 36
Incremental Shopping
Experiment 1
Experiment 2
Experiment 3
Experiment 4
Experiment 5
Experiment 6
Experiment 7
Experiment 8
Experiment 9
Experiment 10
Experiment 11
Experiment 12
Experiment 13
Experiment 14
Experiment 15
Experiment 16
Experiment 17
Experiment 18
Experiment 19
Experiment 20
Experiment 21
Experiment 22
Experiment 23
Experiment 24
Experiment 25
Experiment 26
Experiment 27
Experiment 28
Experiment 29
Experiment 30
Experiment 31
Experiment 32
Experiment 33
Experiment 34
Experiment 35
Experiment 36
Index
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