McGraw-Hill Education Preparation for the GED Test · Your Best Study Program for THE NEW EXAM by Editors, McGraw-Hill Education -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents How to Use This Book

Introducing the GED® Test About the GED® Test How Do I Register? What Are the Current Question Formats? The Reasoning Through Language Arts (RLA) Test The Mathematical Reasoning Test The Science Test The Social Studies Test More About the Test Interface How the Tests Are Scored Test-Taking Strategies Test-Day Tips How to Use This Book to Set Up a Study Plan

PRETESTS

How to Use the Pretests Reasoning Through Language Arts (RLA) Pretest Part 1: Multiple Choice Part 2: Essay Answers and Explanations Evaluation Chart Mathematical Reasoning Pretest Mathematics Formula Sheet Answers and Explanations Evaluation Chart Science Pretest Answers and Explanations Evaluation Chart Social Studies Pretest Answers and Explanations Evaluation Chart

REASONING THROUGH LANGUAGE ARTS (RLA)

The Reasoning Through Language Arts (RLA) Test The Reasoning Through Language Arts (RLA) Review CHAPTER 1 Testing Basic English Usage

Standard English “Drop-Down” Questions Editing Mechanics

Capitalization Punctuation Sentence Fragments Run-on and Fused Sentences Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers Parallel Structure Improving Awkward Sentences Eliminating Informal or Nonstandard Words Subject-Verb Agreement Verb Tenses Pronoun Usage Apostrophes and Possessive Nouns Transitional Words and Expressions Frequently Confused Words

Practice: Testing Basic English Usage

CHAPTER 2 Testing Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension on the GED® Test Question Types

Multiple-Choice Questions “Drag-and-Drop” Questions Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

Basic Critical Reading Skills

Identifying the Main Idea in a Text Finding Details in a Text Analyzing Implicit Main Ideas Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions Identifying Textual Evidence Making Connections Between Ideas

Practice: Testing Reading Comprehension

CHAPTER 3 Structure and Author’s Choices

Sequence of Events Structural Relationships Author’s Language

Transitional Words Context Clues Connotation Tone Figurative Language

Practice: Structure and Author’s Choices

CHAPTER 4 Literary Texts

Using Textual Evidence to Analyze Elements of Fiction

Theme Plot or Events in a Story Characters Motivation Character Traits Interaction Between Characters Setting Character and Narrator Viewpoint

Practice: Literary Texts

CHAPTER 5 Informational Texts

Foundational Texts Inferring Relationships Between Ideas

Cause and Effect Compare and Contrast Parallel Ideas

Author’s Viewpoint and Purpose Analyzing Arguments

Fact Versus Opinion Source Reliability Evaluating Claims

Rhetorical Techniques Author’s Response to Conflicting Viewpoints and Bias Comparing Texts Practice: Informational Texts

CHAPTER 6 RLA Essay Writing

Elements of a Persuasive Essay

Opening Statement Supporting Evidence Answering Opposing Arguments Concluding Statement

Scoring Rubric Writing a Persuasive Essay Practice: RLA Essay Writing Reasoning Through Language Arts (RLA) Answers and Explanations

MATHEMATICAL REASONING

The Mathematical Reasoning Test The Mathematical Reasoning Review CHAPTER 1 Whole Numbers and Operations

Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Calculators and the GED® Mathematical Reasoning Test Word Problems Involving Basic Operations

CHAPTER 2 Exponents, Roots, and Number Properties

Exponents

Negative Exponents

The Rules of Exponents

Rule 1: When Multiplying Two Terms with the Same Base, Add the Exponents Rule 2: When Dividing Two Terms with the Same Base, Subtract the Exponents Rule 3: To Take a Term with an Exponent to a Power, Multiply the Powers

Square Roots and Cube Roots Exponents and Roots on the TI-30XS

Exponents Roots

Order of Operations The Distributive Property

CHAPTER 3 Decimal Numbers and Operations

Decimals and Place Value Rounding Decimals Comparing Decimals Scientific Notation Scientific Notation on the Calculator Adding and Subtracting Decimals Multiplying Decimals Dividing Decimals

Dividing a Decimal by a Whole Number Dividing a Whole Number by a Decimal Dividing a Decimal by a Decimal

CHAPTER 4 Fractions and Operations

Equivalent Fractions Reducing Fractions to Lowest Terms Reducing Fractions on the Calculator Fractions and Decimals Converting Between Fractions and Decimals on the Calculator Improper Fractions and Mixed Numbers Converting Between Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions on the Calculator Comparing Fractions Comparing Fractions and Decimals Adding and Subtracting Fractions Multiplying Fractions Dividing Fractions Operations with Fractions, Whole Numbers, and Mixed Numbers Operations with Fractions on the Calculator

CHAPTER 5 Ratios, Rates, and Proportions

Ratios and Rates Word Problems with Ratios and Rates Proportions Word Problems with Proportions

CHAPTER 6 Percents and Applications

Converting Between Fractions, Decimals, and Percents

Converting a Percent to a Fraction Converting a Percent to a Decimal Converting a Decimal to a Percent Working with Percents

Word Problems with Percents Simple Interest

CHAPTER 7 The Number Line and Negative Numbers

The Number Line Absolute Value Adding and Subtracting Negative Numbers Multiplying and Dividing Negative Numbers Negative Numbers on the Calculator

CHAPTER 8 Probability and Counting

Basic Probability Compound Probabilities

“And” Events “Or” Probabilities

Counting

CHAPTER 9 Statistics and Data Analysis

Analyzing Data Sets

The Mean The Median The Mode Weighted Averages The Range

Summarizing Data with Pictures

Bar Charts Circle Graphs Dot Plots Box Plots Histograms

Relationships Between Data Sets

Line Graphs Scatter Plots

CHAPTER 10 Algebraic Expressions

Variables, Terms, and Expressions Evaluating Expressions Combining Like Terms Adding and Subtracting Polynomials Multiplying Polynomials Multiplying Single Terms Multiplying Single Terms and Larger Polynomials Multiplying Two Binomials Multiplying Polynomials with More than Two Terms Factoring

Factoring Using the Greatest Common Factor Factoring by Reversing FOIL

Difference of Squares Rational Expressions

Simplifying Rational Expressions Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions Multiplying Rational Expressions Dividing Rational Expressions

Writing Expressions

CHAPTER 11 Solving Equations and Inequalities

Linear Equations Two-Step Equations Multiple-Step Equations Inequalities

Solving Inequalities Graphing Solutions

Writing Linear Equations and Inequalities Word Problems with Equations and Inequalities Systems of Two Equations with Two Unknowns Word Problems and Systems of Equations Solving Quadratic Equations with the Square Root Rule Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring Solving with the Quadratic Formula Writing Quadratic Equations

CHAPTER 12 Graphing Equations

Plotting Points Graphing Lines Intercepts Slope

Calculating the Slope Parallel and Perpendicular Lines Interpreting Slope

Finding the Equation of a Line Graphs and Systems of Equations

CHAPTER 13 Functions

Evaluating Functions Recognizing Functions Properties of Functions Relative Maximums and Minimums

Positive and Negative Values End Behavior and Periodic Functions

CHAPTER 14 Geometry

Polygons Circles 3-Dimensional Objects Complex Figures The Pythagorean Theorem Mathematical Reasoning Answers and Explanations

SCIENCE

The Science Test The Science Review PART 1 Life Science

CHAPTER 1 Structures and Functions of Life

Cells, Tissues, and Organs

Specialized Cells Levels of Organization

Cell Functions and Components

Cell Components

Cell Division

Mitosis Meiosis

CHAPTER 2 Life Functions and Energy Intake

Photosynthesis Respiration Fermentation

CHAPTER 3 Heredity

DNA and Chromosomes

Chromosomes

Alleles and Traits

Assortment of Alleles Environmental Altering of Traits Expression of Traits

Simple Inheritance

Probability of Inheriting Traits

CHAPTER 4 Evolution

Evolutionary Relationships

Cladograms

Evolution by Natural Selection

Requirements for Selection

Evolutionary Change

Speciation

CHAPTER 5 Ecosystems

Energy in Ecosystems

Flow of Energy Conservation of Energy

Matter in Ecosystems

Food Chains Food Webs

Capacity for Change

Limiting Factors

Relationships in Ecosystems

Predator-Prey Symbiosis

Disruption of Ecosystems

Extinction

CHAPTER 6 The Human Body and Health

Body Systems

Interaction Between Body Systems

Homeostasis

Effects of External Environments

Nutrition

Nutrition Concepts

Disease and Pathogens

Prevention of Disease Effects of Disease on Populations

Practice: Life Science

PART 2 Physical Science

CHAPTER 7 Chemical Interactions

Structures of Matter

Atomic Particles Ions and Isotopes Molecules, Elements, and Compounds

Physical and Chemical Properties

States of Matter

Chemical Formulas and Equations

Conservation of Mass Balancing Chemical Equations Limiting Reactants Types of Chemical Reactions

Solutions and Solubility

Solubility Saturation Weak and Strong Solutions

CHAPTER 8 Energy

Types of Energy

Energy Transformations

Waves

Parts of Waves Types of Electromagnetic Radiation Uses and Dangers of Electromagnetic Radiation

Heat

Heat Transfer

Energy in Reactions

Endothermic Reactions Exothermic Reactions

Sources of Energy

CHAPTER 9 Motion and Force

Motion

Momentum and Collisions

Force

Newton’s Laws Gravity Mass and Weight

Work and Machines

Simple Machines Mechanical Advantage and Power

Practice: Physical Science

PART 3 Earth and Space Science

CHAPTER 10 Space Systems

The Age of Earth The Solar System

Interactions Between Earth and the Solar System

The Universe

Age and Development of the Universe Age and Development of Stars

CHAPTER 11 Earth Systems

The Structure of Earth

Tectonic Plates

Earth’s Atmosphere

Atmospheric Gases Effects of Gases on Earth

Weathering and Erosion

Wind

The Oceans

Ocean Currents Coral Reefs

CHAPTER 12 Interactions Between Earth’s Systems and Living Things

Cycles in Nature

Nitrogen Cycle Carbon Cycle Oxygen Cycle Water Cycle

Natural Hazards

Effects of Natural Hazards Hazard Mitigation

Natural Resources

Sustainability of Resources

Practice: Earth and Space Science Science Answers and Explanations

SOCIAL STUDIES

The Social Studies Test The Social Studies Review CHAPTER 1 Civics and Government

Types of Historical and Modern Governments Basic Principles of American Constitutional Democracy Structure and Design of the U.S. Federal Government The Legislative Branch The Executive Branch The President’s Cabinet The Judicial Branch Amending the Constitution The Bill of Rights Citizens’ Rights and Civic Responsibilities Political Parties Political Campaigns, Elections, and the Electoral Process Contemporary Public Policy Practice: Civics and Government

CHAPTER 2 United States History

European Exploration of the Americas The English Colony in Virginia English Colonies in New England and Maryland The Thirteen Colonies Take Shape Tensions Rise Between the Colonies and Great Britain The First Continental Congress and the Beginning of the American Revolution The Second Continental Congress and the Declaration of Independence The Revolutionary War From the Articles of Confederation to the U.S. Constitution The War of 1812 The Monroe Doctrine U.S. Policy Toward Native Americans Manifest Destiny Civil War and Reconstruction The United States Becomes a Major Industrial Nation The United States Becomes a World Power World War I The Great Depression World War II Postwar America The Cold War The Civil Rights Movement and the Women’s Movement The Great Society, the Vietnam War, and Watergate Presidencies in the Late 20th Century Issues Facing the United States at the Start of the 21st Century Practice: United States History

CHAPTER 3 World History

The Earliest Civilizations Early China Early India Classical Greece Rome The Great Migration and the Middle Ages Feudalism The Middle East and Africa Civilizations in the Americas Renaissance and Reformation in Europe The Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment, and the Industrial Revolution The Age of Exploration Building Empires Revolutions in Britain and France New Political Ideas in the 19th Century Political Developments in 19th-Century Europe World War I and the Russian Revolution The Rise of Fascism World War II The End of European Dominance and the Formation of the European Union The End of the Soviet Union China Today The Arab World Practice: World History

CHAPTER 4 Economics

Fundamental Economic Concepts Microeconomics and Macroeconomics

Microeconomics Macroeconomics

Banking and Credit The Role of Government in the National Economy International Trade Key Economic Events in U.S. History Practice: Economics

CHAPTER 5 Geography

Ecosystems Geography and the Development of Human Societies Human Changes to the Environment Human Migration Population Trends and Issues Geography Tools and Skills Practice: Geography

CHAPTER 6 Social Studies Essay Writing

Scoring How to Approach the Social Studies Extended-Response Question

Trait 1: Argument Analysis and Use of Evidence Trait 2: Idea Development and Organizational Structure Trait 3: Clarity and Command of the English Language Time-Management Strategies

Sample Extended-Response Prompts and Essays Social Studies Answers and Explanations

POSTTESTS

How to Use the Posttests Reasoning Through Language Arts (RLA) Posttest Part 1: Multiple Choice Part 2: Essay Answers and Explanations Evaluation Chart Mathematical Reasoning Posttest Mathematics Formula Sheet Answers and Explanations Evaluation Chart Science Posttest Answers and Explanations Evaluation Chart Social Studies Posttest Answers and Explanations Evaluation Chart

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