Bone and Muscle · Structure, Force, and Motion by Publishing, Britannica Educational -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Page Title Page Copyright Page Contents Introduction Chapter 1: Human Skeletal and Muscle Systems

Human Skeletal System

Axial and Visceral Skeleton The Appendicular Skeleton

Human Muscle System

Evolutionary Context Muscles of the Lower Limb Muscles of the Upper Limb Muscles of the Head and Neck Muscles of the Trunk

Chapter 2: The Nature of Bone

Evolutionary Significance Chemical Composition and Physical Properties Bone Morphology

Compact Bone Cancellous Bone Epiphyses Osteons Bone Marrow Vascular Supply and Circulation

Bone Resorption and Renewal

Bone Remodeling Bone Formation

Physiology of Bone

Calcium and Phosphate Equilibrium Physiological and Mechanical Controls Hormonal Influences Nutritional Influences

Chapter 3: Bones of the Human Anatomy

Bones of the Head

The Skull Fontanel Zygomatic Bone Parietal Bone Occipital Bone Nasal Conchae

Bones of the Vertebral Column

Vertebrae The Neck The Sacrum The Coccyx

Bones of the Upper Body

Clavicle Scapula Sternum The Ribs Humerus Radius Ulna The Hand

Bones of the Lower Body

The Pelvic Girdle Femur Tibia Fibula The Foot

Chapter 4: The Nature of Muscle

Striated Muscle

Muscle Fibres Myofibrils Myofilaments Proteins of the Myofilaments Actin-Myosin Interaction and Its Regulation Energy Stores Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction

Smooth Muscle

Structure and Organization Initiation of Contraction Cross-Bridge Cycle and ATP Breakdown Mechanical Properties

Cardiac Muscle

Structure and Organization The Frequency of Contraction Excitation/Contraction Coupling Force and Velocity of Contraction Response of the Heart to Stress

Muscles of Movement

Abductor Muscle Adductor Muscle Extensor Muscle Flexor Muscle Sphincter Muscle Levator Muscle

Muscles of the Back

Spinalis Muscle Semispinalis Muscle Erector Spinae Iliocostalis Muscle Coccygeus Muscle Latissimus Dorsi Trapezius Muscle

Muscles of the Chest and Abdomen

Pectoralis Muscle Intercostalis Muscle Abdominal Muscle

Muscles of the Arm

Deltoideus Muscle Biceps Muscle Triceps Muscle

Muscles of the Leg

Gluteus Muscle Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Sartorius Muscle Gastrocnemius Muscle Soleus Muscle

Chapter 5: The Human Body in Motion

Anatomy of Joints

Joint Movements Joint Components Nerve Supply and Blood Supply of Joints Joint Metabolism and Nutrition

Major Types of Joints

Synarthroses Diarthroses

Chapter 6: Diseases and Injuries of Bone

Principal Types of Diseases and Injuries

Abnormal Stress on Bone Metabolic Bone Disease Deficient Blood Supply to Bone Ionizing Radiation Injury to Bone Infectious Diseases of Bone Bone Tumour

Fractures Developmental Abnormalities and Hereditary Conditions

Congenital Bone Diseases Inherited Disorders Dysplasia

Bone Cyst Bone Cancer Osteoclastoma Osteosarcoma Enchondroma Curvature of the Spine Metatarsalgia Marble Bone Disease Morquio Syndrome Osteochondrosis Osteomalacia Osteoporosis Paget Disease of Bone Pott Disease Spondylitis Spondylosis Indications of Muscle Disease

Chapter 7: Diseases and Injuries of Muscle

Primary Diseases and Disorders

Muscular Dystrophy Myasthenia Gravis Toxic Myopathies Myositis Myositis Ossificans Endocrine and Metabolic Myopathies

Indications of Muscle Disease Periodic Paralysis Tetany Tic Muscle Tumour Fatigue Atrophy of Muscle and Bone

Atrophy in Aging

Muscle Weakness

Atrophy in Disuse Signs and Symptoms Disease Detection Classification of Muscle Weakness

Chapter 8: Diseases and Injuries of Joints

Types of Arthritis

Bursitis Infectious Arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis and Allied Disorders Gout Collagen Diseases Miscellaneous Types of Arthritis

Traumatic Joint Diseases

Dislocation Fracture–Dislocation Sprain Elbow Injuries Knee Injuries

Degenerative Joint Disease Congenital and Hereditary Joint Abnormalities Secondary Joint Diseases

Hemorrhagic Joint Diseases Aseptic Necrosis Endocrine Factors Neurogenic Arthropathy Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Tumours of Joints

Conclusion Glossary Bibliography Index

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