Log In
Or create an account ->
Imperial Library
Home
About
News
Upload
Forum
Help
Login/SignUp
Index
Half title
Title page
Imprints page
Dedication
Contents
Figures
Tables
Preface and acknowledgements
Abbreviations
1 Interactions between nature and society in the late-medieval world
1.01 The Great Transition: an outline chronology
1.01.1 1260s/70s–1330s: the Great Transition begins
1.01.2 1340s–1370s: from one socio-ecological regime to another
1.01.3 1370s–1470s: the long downturn
1.02 The Great Transition and the Great Divergence
1.03 Critical transitions in nature and society
1.04 Tracking the Great Transition: issues of scale, focus and evidence
2 Efflorescence
2.01 Latin Christendom's take-off to sustained growth
2.02 The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA)
2.02.1 The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
2.02.2 The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)
2.02.3 Arid Central Asia (ACA)
2.02.4 Old World climates during the final extended phase of the MCA
2.02.5 The Medieval Solar Maximum
2.03 The growth of Old World populations
2.04 The institutional underpinnings of Latin Christendom's commercial expansion
2.04.1. Revival and reform of the Latin Church
2.04.2 Secular states and birth of the Western Legal Tradition
2.04.3 Guilds, communes and international fairs
2.05 Latin Christendom's commercial revolution
2.05.1 Italy: the vanguard economy
2.05.2 England: a lagging economy
2.05.2a Creation of a commercial infrastructure
2.05.2b Factor markets in labour, land and capital
2.05.2c Silver output and money supply
2.05.2d Expanding agricultural output
2.05.3 Urbanization as a proxy indicator of relative economic development
2.05.4 Latin Christendom's integration into an inter-linked world trading system
2.06 The enabling environment and Latin Christendom's high-medieval efflorescence
3 A precarious balance
3.01 From efflorescence to recession
3.01.1 Commercial contraction in Italy
3.01.2 Industrial crisis in Flanders
3.01.3 Agricultural stagnation in England
3.01.3a Wage rates and GDP per head
3.01.3b The bottom-heavy socio-economic structure
3.01.3c Commerce, towns and industry
3.01.3d Morcellation and the growth of structural poverty
3.01.3e The effects of the agrarian crisis of 1315–22 and its aftermath
3.02 Increasing climatic instability
3.02.1 Climate forcing and changes in atmospheric circulation patterns
3.02.2 Evidence of increasing annual variability
3.03 Re-emergent pathogens
3.03.1 The great panzootics of sheep and cattle
3.03.1a Sheep and cattle murrains during the agrarian crisis of 1315–22
3.03.1b The Great Cattle Panzootic's identity, origin and spread
3.03.1c The Great Cattle Panzootic in Britain and Ireland
3.03.1d The Great Cattle Panzootic of 1315–21: some conclusions
3.03.2 Yersinia pestis
3.03.2a Hosts and vectors of Y. pestis
3.03.2b From enzootic to pandemic: the plague cycle
3.03.2c The central Asian origin of Y. pestis
3.03.2d The environmental context of plague's spread across Asia
3.04 A precarious balance
Appendix 3.1 The landed incomes of English households in 1290
4 Tipping point
4.01 Escalating warfare and deepening commercial recession
4.02 Old World climates on the cusp of change
4.02.1 The climate anomaly of the 1340s and 1350s
4.02.2 Interactions between climate and plague
4.03 Eruption of the Black Death in Europe
4.03.1 A killer unmasked: the identity of the Black Death pathogen
4.03.2 The temporal profile of the epidemic
4.03.3 The spread of plague in Europe
4.03.4 The scale of the demographic catastrophe
4.04 The Black Death's lasting epidemiological legacy
4.04.1 The second plague of 1360–3
4.04.2 Later plague outbreaks
4.05 The Black Death: an enigma resolved?
4.06 Three in one: the perfect storm
Appendix 4.1 Outbreak of the Justinianic Plague and the weather
5 Recession
5.01 From a tipping point to a turning point
5.02 Advance of the Little Ice Age (LIA)
5.02.1 The reconfiguration of atmospheric circulation patterns
5.02.2 Climatic conditions during the Spörer Solar Minimum
5.03 A golden age of bacteria?
5.03.1 Climate and disease
5.03.2 The downward demographic trend
5.04 Economic and commercial contraction
5.04.1 Shrinking national incomes and changes in relative factor and commodity prices
5.04.2 Land-use substitution and the reconfiguration of rural populations
5.04.3 Urban stagnation and commercial depression
5.04.4 The negative environmental and economic conjuncture of the mid-fifteenth century
5.05 Prosperity amidst adversity?
5.06 The end of the Great Transition: from an eastward to a westward enterprise
Epilogue
References
Index
← Prev
Back
Next →
← Prev
Back
Next →