A History of Israel by Sachar, Howard M. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Other Books by This Author Title Page Copyright Dedication Contents Maps Preface I The Rise of Jewish Nationalism

Acculturation and Historical Memory Forerunners of Zionism European Nationalism and Russian Upheaval Palestine as Refuge and Renaissance The Chovevei Zion

II The Beginning of the Return

The Link with the Land Palestine and European Consciousness The “Old Settlement” The “Old Settlement” Stirs The First Aliyah “The Well-known Benefactor” The Bridgehead Widens

III Herzl and the Rise of Political Zionism

The Complete European Der Judenstaat From Theorist to Activist: The Zionist Congress The Kaiser and the Sultan The British Connection Achad HaAm, Easterners, and the Democratic Fraction A Final Diplomatic Effort and the “Uganda” Crisis Herzl: A Last Assessment

IV The Growth of the Yishuv

Zionism after Herzl The Growth of Zionist Parties Labor Zionism The Second Aliyah The Conquest of Labor The Collective Settlement The Guild of Watchmen The Conquest of Hebrew The Yishuv Strives for Political Identity

V The Balfour Declaration

Palestine Jewry and the War The Middle East and British War Policy The Origins of the Anglo-Zionist Alliance A Crucial Intermediary The Quid Pro Quo of Jewish Friendship A Declaration Is Issued The Jewish Legion and the Liberation of the Yishuv

VI The Establishment of the Mandate

A Definition of Frontiers High and Early Hopes in the Holy Land The End of the Military Regime, The Reformulation of the Mandate The “Constitution” of the Mandate The Operation of the Mandate The Roots of Self-Government

VII Building the Jewish National Home

The Revival of the Zionist Organization The Contest for American Zionism, The Struggle for Land and Funds Immigrants and Ideologies A New Utopia on the Soil The Voice of Chalutziut The Growth of Urban Settlement, The Struggle for Labor Unity The Creation of the Jewish Agency

VIII The Seeds of Arab-Jewish Confrontation

Arabs and Jews Before the Mandate The Arabs of Palestine A Failure of Perception, A Renewal of Violence The Aftermath of Violence Polarization and a Failure of Definition The Revisionist Answer The Fifth Aliyah, The Growth of the Capitalist Sector The Growth of Zionism

IX Britain Repudiates the Jewish National Home

The Intrusion of the Axis The Seeds of Arab Revolt The Arab Revolt Begins The Peel Commission The Peel Report and Its Reception Partition in the Balance The Arab Revolt Is Renewed The Growth of Jewish Self-Defense Britain Retreats from Partition The London Round Table Conference The White Paper of 1939

X Palestine in World War II

An Oscillation of British Fortunes A Lonely Ally Tragedy and Rescue Anglo-Zionist Diplomacy During the War The Rise of Jewish Militancy

XI The Yishuv Repudiates the Mandate

The War Ends: Jewish and British Appraisals The United States and the Refugee Question The Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry Jewish Extremism Intensified The Illegal Immigration Britain’s Final Effort: The Morrison-Grady Plan and the London Discussions

XII The Birth of Israel

The Palestine Issue Reaches the United Nations The UNSCOP Reports The United States Makes a Commitment The Vote for Partition The Response to Partition Partition in Jeopardy The Jews Force the Issue The Birth of Israel

XIII The War of Independence

The Arab States Prepare for Invasion The Jews Face Invasion Israel’s Survival in the Balance The Battle for Jerusalem The First United Nations Truce Territorial and Demographic Changes Bernadotte Makes a Proposal The Battle for the Negev The Final Campaign of the Palestine War Negotiations for an Armistice

XIV The Growth of the Israeli Republic

The Framework of Government Legislature and Executive A Bicephalous Judiciary Crises of Israeli Democracy

I. An Entanglement of Parties II. Government by Coalition III. The Bureaucracy IV. Demagoguery V. Religion and State VI. The Arab Minority: Citizenship and Military Government VII. The Arab Minority: Land and Economy

Communal Structure in an Alien Society

XV Ingathering and the Struggle for Economic Survival

The Gates Open The Oriental Immigration The Shock of Absorption Efforts to Disperse and Feed a Population The Crisis of the Israeli Economy The Role of the Public Sector The Immigration Resumes, The Roots of Social Crisis The North African Malaise The Economy Revives

XVI The Search for Peace and Security

The Realities of Israel’s Foreign Policy The Palestine Conciliation Commission, The Status of Jerusalem The Arab Refugees: The Fate of Abandoned Property The Arab Refugees: Repatriation versus Resettlement A Flickering of Border Violence Demilitarized Zones and Fedayeen The Dynamics of Arab Belligerency The Mechanics of Arab Belligerency Israel Looks to the West The Quest for Soviet Friendship A Crisis of Conscience: To Negotiate with Germany The Treaty of Luxembourg and Shilumim The Balance Sheet

XVII Sinai and Suez

Nasser Casts a Shadow Israel in Isolation Dayan Creates a Fighting Force The Search for an Ally Nasser Issues a Challenge Israel Is Brought into the Picture Operation Kadesh Is Launched “The Separation of Combatants” Operation Kadesh Is Completed A World in Outrage Israel Holds Out for Safeguards A Formula Is Devised

XVIII Years of Economic and Social Growth

The Emergence of a Nation The Conquest of Land and Water The Desert Unlocked, The Seas Opened The “Takeoff” Point The Arab Minority Israeli Jewry’s “Other Half”

XIX A Decade of Political and Diplomatic Achievement

The Crisis of the Political Establishment: The Lavon Affair The Aftermath: A Reconstruction of Parties The Eichmann Trial The Courtship of Germany Weapons and Diplomacy Israel, France, and the European Economic Community Israel and the Developing Nations The Israeli-African Honeymoon

XX Cultural and Ideological Currents

The Rise of an Arab Intelligentsia The Growth of a Majority Culture: Education and Science The Search for Identity and Style Literature of the Soul: The “Jewish” Generation “The Palmach Generation”—And After The Crisis of Conscience The Confrontation with Orthodoxy in Israel Who Is a Jew? The Struggle for Flexibility Within Orthodoxy The Quest for Spiritual Alternatives

XXI The Six-Day War

A Fluctuation of Nasser’s Fortunes A Syrian Tiger Is Loosed Moscow Rides the Tiger Nasser Returns to Gaza and Sharm es-Sheikh A Blockade Reimposed Diplomatic Agony, Political Crisis A Massing of Arab Strength The Sources of Israeli Military Power The Decision to Attack An Aerial Thunderbolt, A Mailed Fist A Confusion of Arab Purposes The World in Shock Israel Conquers Sinai “Jerusalem the Golden” Retribution on the Golan Heights A Diplomatic Consolidation

XXII Israel as Empire

A Regime of Improvisation: Jerusalem The West Bank Israel Waits for a “Phone Call” Israel Tightens Its Grip The Rise of Arab Guerrilla Resistance The Economic Impact of Israeli Occupation The War of Attrition The Soviets Enlarge Their Presence The Mutation of Arab Guerrilla Resistance The Rise of Prosperity Israel’s Administered “Common Market” Conflicting Visions of Israel’s Territorial Future

XXIII Israel and World Jewry

A Mobilization of the Diaspora Israel Reformulates Zionism The Crisis of American Zionism The Diaspora Pays Its Dues The Reconstruction of the Jewish Agency The “Jews of Silence” The Upheaval of Soviet Jewry

XXIV The War of The Day of Judgment

The Politics of Complacency A Reevaluation of Military Posture Sadat Reaches a Decision Sadat Completes His Preparations A Failure of Israeli Intelligence Avalanche Out of the North A Tidal Wave Across the Canal A Reevaluation of Priorities A Competition of Patrons Stabilization and Counterattack A Reversal of Fortunes in the South The Soviets in Panic Israel Cedes a Corridor

XXV Aftermath of an Earthquake

Israel in Isolation Again Shuttle Diplomacy and First-Stage Disengagement A Political Changing of the Guard The Costs of an Indeterminate Victory A Crisis of Shuttle Diplomacy Disengagement and Breathing Space Continuing Dangers Rabin’s Years of Sufferance

XXVI The Likud Era Begins

Labor’s Final Epitaph An Electoral Upheaval Israel Turns to the Right “The Enemy Within”

XXVII An Accommodation With Egypt

Sadat in Quest of Peace A Hegira to Jerusalem The Cold Light of Dawn Retreat and Breakthrough The Frameworks of Agreement Sadat’s Equivocation, Carter’s Gamble A Pilgrimage to the Middle East

XXVIII Romantic Nationalism and Realpolitik

The New Palestinians A Paralysis of Dialogue A Fixation on Settlement The Realities of Settlement A Disaffection from Revisionism Malaise on the Domestic Scene Seizing the Political Offensive: Jerusalem A Visitation to Osiraq

XXIX Revisionism at the Apogee

A Revalidated Political Imprimatur Retribution in Egypt The Religionists Claim Their Price The Nationalists Claim Their Price A Blueprint for “Pragmatic” Settlement Carrot and Stick in Palestine A Fulminance of Jewish Vigilantism

XXX Israel in Lebanon

A Rolling Thunder from the North Ariel Sharon’s Mailed Fist Operation Peace for the Galilee Operation Big Pines The Ugly Israeli The Failed Gamble Sabra and Shatila Assad Vetoes an Accord Menachem Begin’s Moment of Truth

XXXI A Crisis of Israeli Spirit, of Diaspora Loyalty

A Sophistication of Majority Culture Confrontation into Kulturkampf? A Brutalization of Civic Rectitude A Waning of Diaspora Patience A Reappraisal of Loyalties

XXXII The Era of Unity Governments

Electioneering on the Economic Brink An End to Adventurism The Struggle for Economic Stabilization Toward a Scientific Society Israel as Armorer Iran-Contra: The Israeli Connection A Redeeming Territorial Moderation

XXXIII The Wages of Immobilism

Peres’s Diplomatic Gamesmanship A Political Rollover The Storm before the Storm Palestinian Intifada, Israeli Retrenchment A Resurgent Immigration from Eastern Europe The Price of Revived Territorialism An Exhaustion of American Forbearance

XXXIV A Tormented Road to Peace

A Firestorm from the Gulf Operation Desert Storm: The Israeli Dimension Operation Desert Storm: Dividends and Debts A Diplomatic Respectability The Madrid Conference—and Beyond Labor’s Political Reincarnation Background to a Diplomatic Revolution A Scandinavian Door to Palestine An Experimental Palestinian Empowerment An Erratic Journey toward Normalization A Partner to the East

XXXV A Deterioration of the Rabin-Peres Legacy

A Post-Rabin Valedictory Peres’s Legacy to Rabin Rabin’s Syrian Legacy A Belated Flexing of Muscles An Anti-Oslo Backlash The Peace Process in Netanyahu’s Extremis An Advent of Clintonian Diplomacy Clinton as Senior Partner

XXXVI Ehud Barak’s Two Years

A Paralysis of Negotiations, A Deterioration of Likud Governance “The Most Decorated Soldier” Barak’s Syrian Option In Pursuit of Hafez al-Assad Barak’s Palestinian Option Ariel Sharon Takes a Walk Clinton’s Middle Eastern Valedictory The Reincarnation of Ariel Sharon

XXXVII The Bulldozer as Prime Minister

Ariel Sharon Organizes a Government Arafat and Sharon Revert to Type The George W. Bush Administration: Overture to a Middle East Diplomacy The Reconquest of Palestine An Electoral Reconfirmation Sharon Builds a Fence Alternate Sponsorships for Peace

XXXVIII The Bulldozer as Statesman

Overture to a Tactical Withdrawal A Political Reconfiguration Jewless in Gaza And for the Rest of Palestine …?

XXXIX Israel Faces the Twenty-First Century

A Russian Success Story Economic Liberalization, Technological Innovation “Constitutional” Liberalization Stylistic Artistry, Moral Sophistication Stepchildren of Israel A Social Disequilibrium

XL A Mottled Landscape

A Cold Peace, An Existential Threat Crime and Brutalization A Burgeoning Kulturkampf From Kulturkampf to Incipient Civil War A Diaspora Irredentism Jerusalem: A Defusable Time Bomb? A Tale of Two Elections

XLI A Middle Eastern Hour of Decision

The Rockets of Lebanon Seeking a Diplomatic Breathing Space The Reckoning A Lingering Vacuum of Great Power Statesmanship A Tenuous Horizon

Acknowledgements Bibliography A Note About the Author

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