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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
List of figures
Acknowledgements
Dedication
Introduction
The Problem of Eurocentrism
Confronting the Problematic of Sociohistorical Difference
What is Capitalism?
What Is Geopolitics?
1 The Transition Debate: Theories and Critique
Introduction
The ‘Commercialisation Model’ Revisited: World-Systems Analysis and the Transition to Capitalism
The Making of the Modern World- System: The Wallerstein Thesis
The Problem of Eurocentrism
The Problem of Historical Specificity
The Spatiotemporal Limits of Political Marxism
The Brenner Thesis: Explanation and Critique
The Geopolitical in the Making of Capitalism
The Political Marxist Conception of Capitalism
The Problematic of Sociohistorical Difference: Postcolonial Studies Engaging Capital
The Eurocentrism of Historicism
The Violence of Abstraction
The Lacuna of Postcolonial Theory
Conclusion
2 Rethinking the Origins of Capitalism: The Theory of Uneven and Combined Development
Introduction
The Theory of Uneven and Combined Development: Exposition and Critiques
Unevenness
Combination
Seeing Through a Prism Darkly? Uneven and Combined Development beyond the Eurocentric Gaze
Trotsky beyond Trotsky? Uneven and Combined Development before Capitalism
More Questions than Answers: Method, Abstraction and Historicity in Marx’s Thought
Modes of Production Versus Uneven and Combined Development? A False Antithesis
Conclusion: Towards an ‘Internationalist Historiography’ of Capitalism
3 The Long Thirteenth Century: Structural Crisis, Conjunctural Catastrophe
Introduction
Pax Mongolica
The Nomadic Mode of Production and Uneven and Combined Development
The World-Historical Significance of the Mongol Empire
Trade, Commerce, and Socio-Economic Development under the Pax Mongolica
Apocalypse Then: The Black Death and the Crisis of Feudalism
Class Struggle and the Changing Balance of Class Forces in Europe
Peasant Differentiation in the Age of the Black Death
Development of the Productive Forces
Conclusion
4 The Ottoman–Habsburg Rivalry over the Long Sixteenth Century
Introduction
Unevenness: A Clash of Social Reproduction
Ottoman–European Relations
The Tributary and Feudal Modes of Production: Unevenness Combined
Ottoman ‘Penalties of Progressiveness’ – European ‘Privileges of Backwardness’
Combination: Pax Ottomana
The Ottoman ‘Whip of External Necessity’
The Breakdown of Christendom
The Ottoman Blockade and the Emergence of the Atlantic
The Ottoman Buffer and English Primitive Accumulation
Conclusion: The Ottoman Empire as a Vector of Uneven and Combined Development
5 The Atlantic Sources of European Capitalism, Territorial Sovereignty and the Modern Self
Introduction
Imagining Europe in the Atlantic Mirror: Rethinking the Territorialised Sovereign, Self and Other
Tearing Down the Ideological Walls of Christendom: From Sacred to Secular Universalism in the Construction of the European Self and Non-European Other
Legitimising Colonialism: The Historical Sociological Foundations of Eurocentrism
Culture Wars in the Americas
The Colonial Origins of the Modern Territorialised States System
1492 in the History of Uneven and Combined Development
The Smithian Moment: American Treasures and So-Called Primitive Accumulation
Sublating the Smithian Moment: From Smith to Marx via ‘the International’
Primitive Accumulation Proper: From ‘Simple’ to ‘Expanded’ Reproduction
The Uneven and Combined Development of Plantation Slavery
The Sociological Unevenness of the Atlantic
Sociological Combination in the Plantation System
New World Slavery and the Rise of Industrial Capitalism
Contributions to the Sphere of Circulation
Contributions to the Sphere of Production
Conclusion: Colonies, Merchants and the Transition to Capitalism
6 The ‘Classical’ Bourgeois Revolutions in the History of Uneven and Combined Development
Introduction
The Concept of Bourgeois Revolution
Reconceptualising Bourgeois Revolutions: A Consequentialist Approach
Reconstructing Consequentialism through Uneven and Combined Development
The Origins of Capitalism and the Bourgeois Revolution in the Low Countries
The Rise of Dutch Capitalism: An International Perspective
The Making of the Dutch Revolt
The English Revolution in the History of Uneven and Combined Development
Rediscovering the English Revolution
Social Forces in the Making of the British Revolution
1789 in the History of Uneven and Combined Development
Peculiarities of the French Revolution?
Capitalism and the Absolutist State in France
The Origins of the Capitalist Revolution in France
Capitalist Consequences of the French Revolution
Conclusion
7 Combined Encounters: Dutch Colonisation in Southeast Asia and the Contradictions of ‘Free Labour’
Introduction
The Specificity and Limits of Dutch Capitalism
Dutch Institutional Innovations
The Limits of Dutch ‘Domestic’ Capitalism
Unevenness and Combination in the Pre-Colonial Indian Ocean Littoral
The Intersocietal System of the Indian Ocean
South Asia beyond the Eurocentric Gaze
The Dutch Encounter: A Policy of Combination
The Specificities and ‘Success’ of Dutch Strategies of Integration and Domination in Southeast Asia
The Moluccas
The Banda Islands
Indian Textiles
Conclusion
8 Origins of the Great Divergence over the Longue Durée
Introduction
Rethinking the ‘Rise of the West’: Advances and Impasses in the Revisionist Challenge
Points of Agreement: European ‘Backwardness’ and the Role of the Colonies
Late and Lucky: Contingences, the Eurasian Homogeneity Thesis, and the Great Divergence
Structure and Conjuncture in the ‘Rise of the West’
The Geopolitical Competition Model and Its Limits
Feudalism, Merchants, and the European States System in the Transition to Capitalism
Unevenness Combined: North–South Interactions in the ‘Rise of the West’
The Conjunctural Moment of ‘Overtaking’: Britain’s Colonisation of India
The Significance of India’s Colonisation to the ‘Rise of the West’
The Mughal Empire and the Tributary Mode of Production
The Imperial Revenue System and Agricultural Decline in the Mughal Empire
European Trade and Colonial Conquest: Towards 1757
Conclusion
Conclusion
Note
Index
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