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Index
Instructions for online access Cover image Title Page Table of Contents Copyright Contributors Video Table of Contents Preface to the Third Edition
The eBook Acknowledgments
Preface to the First Edition
Target Audience Content of the Textbook Emphasis of the Textbook Creating the Textbook Special Features Acknowledgments
Section I Introduction
Chapter 1 Foundations of Physiology
References
Section II Physiology of Cells and Molecules
Chapter 2 Functional Organization of the Cell
Structure of Biological Membranes Function of Membrane Proteins Cellular Organelles and the Cytoskeleton Synthesis and Recycling of Membrane Proteins Specialized Cell Types References
Chapter 3 Signal Transduction
Mechanisms of Cellular Communication Receptors That are Ion Channels Receptors Coupled to G Proteins Receptors That are Catalytic Nuclear Receptors References
Chapter 4 Regulation of Gene Expression
From Genes to Proteins The Promoter and Regulatory Elements Transcription Factors Regulation of Inducible Gene Expression by Signal-Transduction Pathways Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression Post-Translational Regulation of Gene Expression References Glossary
Chapter 5 Transport of Solutes and Water
The Intracellular and Extracellular Fluids Solute Transport Across Cell Membranes Regulation of Intracellular Ion Concentrations Water Transport and the Regulation of Cell Volume Transport of Solutes and Water Across Epithelia References
Chapter 6 Electrophysiology of the Cell Membrane
Ionic Basis of Membrane Potentials Electrical Model of a Cell Membrane Molecular Physiology of Ion Channels References
Chapter 7 Electrical Excitability and Action Potentials
Mechanisms of Nerve and Muscle Action Potentials Physiology of Voltage-Gated Channels and Their Relatives Propagation of Action Potentials References
Chapter 8 Synaptic Transmission and the Neuromuscular Junction
Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission Synaptic Transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction Toxins and Drugs Affecting Synaptic Transmission References
Chapter 9 Cellular Physiology of Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle
Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle Smooth Muscle Diversity among Muscles References
Section III The Nervous System
Chapter 10 Organization of the Nervous System
Cells of the Nervous System Development of Neurons and Glial Cells Subdivisions of the Nervous System References
Chapter 11 The Neuronal Microenvironment
Cerebrospinal Fluid Brain Extracellular Space The Blood-Brain Barrier Glial Cells References
Chapter 12 Physiology of Neurons
Signal Conduction in Dendrites Control of Spiking Patterns in the Soma Axonal Conduction References
Chapter 13 Synaptic Transmission in the Nervous System
Neuronal Synapses Neurotransmitter Systems of the Brain Fast Amino Acid–Mediated Synapses in the CNS Plasticity of Central Synapses References
Chapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System
Organization of the Visceral Control System Synaptic Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System Central Nervous System Control of the Viscera References
Chapter 15 Sensory Transduction
Chemoreception Visual Transduction Vestibular and Auditory Transduction: Hair Cells Somatic Sensory Receptors, Proprioception, and Pain References
Chapter 16 Circuits of the Central Nervous System
Elements of Neural Circuits Simple, Stereotyped Responses: Spinal Reflex Circuits Rhythmic Activity: Central Pattern Generators Spatial Representations: Sensory and Motor Maps in the Brain Temporal Representations: Time-Measuring Circuits References
Section IV The Cardiovascular System
Chapter 17 Organization of the Cardiovascular System
Elements of the Cardiovascular System Hemodynamics How Blood Flows Origins of Pressure in the Circulation How to Measure Blood Pressure, Blood Flow, and Cardiac Volumes References
Chapter 18 Blood
Blood Composition Blood Viscosity Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis References
Chapter 19 Arteries and Veins
Arterial Distribution and Venous Collection Systems Elastic Properties of Blood Vessels References
Chapter 20 The Microcirculation
Capillary Exchange of Solutes Capillary Exchange of Water Lymphatics Regulation of the Microcirculation References
Chapter 21 Cardiac Electrophysiology and the Electrocardiogram
Electrophysiology of Cardiac Cells The Electrocardiogram Cardiac Arrhythmias References
Chapter 22 The Heart as a Pump
The Cardiac Cycle Cardiac Dynamics From Contractile Filaments to a Regulated Pump References
Chapter 23 Regulation of Arterial Pressure and Cardiac Output
Short-Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure Regulation of Cardiac Output Matching of Venous Return and Cardiac Output Intermediate- and Long-Term Control of the Circulation References
Chapter 24 Special Circulations
The Brain The Heart The Skeletal Muscle The Splanchnic Organs The Skin References
Chapter 25 Integrated Control of the Cardiovascular System
Interaction among the Different Cardiovascular Control Systems Response to Erect Posture Responses to Acute Emotional Stress Response to Exercise Response to Hemorrhage References
Section V The Respiratory System
Chapter 26 Organization of the Respiratory System
Comparative Physiology of Respiration Organization of the Respiratory System in Humans Lung Volumes and Capacities References
Chapter 27 Mechanics of Ventilation
Static Properties of the Lung Dynamic Properties of the Lung References
Chapter 28 Acid-Base Physiology
pH and Buffers Acid-Base Chemistry When Is the Only Buffer Acid-Base Chemistry in the Presence of and Buffers—The Davenport Diagram pH Regulation of Intracellular Fluid References
Chapter 29 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the Blood
Carriage of O2 Carriage of CO2 References
Chapter 30 Gas Exchange in the Lungs
Diffusion of Gases Diffusion and Perfusion Limitations on Gas Transport References
Chapter 31 Ventilation and Perfusion of the Lungs
Ventilation Perfusion of the Lung Matching Ventilation and Perfusion References
Chapter 32 Control of Ventilation
Overview of the Respiratory Control System Neurons That Control Ventilation Generation of the Respiratory Rhythm Chemical Control of Ventilation Modulation of Ventilatory Control References
Section VI The Urinary System
Chapter 33 Organization of the Urinary System
Functional Anatomy of the Kidney Main Elements of Renal Function Measuring Renal Clearance and Transport The Ureters and Bladder References
Chapter 34 Glomerular Filtration and Renal Blood Flow
Glomerular Filtration Renal Blood Flow Control of Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration References
Chapter 35 Transport of Sodium and Chloride
Na+ and Cl− Transport by Different Segments of The Nephron Na+ and Cl−, and Water Transport at the Cellular and Molecular Level Regulation of Na+ and Cl− Transport References
Chapter 36 Transport of Urea, Glucose, Phosphate, Calcium, Magnesium, and Organic Solutes
Urea Glucose Other Organic Solutes Phosphate Calcium Magnesium References
Chapter 37 Transport of Potassium
Potassium Balance and the Overall Renal Handling of Potassium Potassium Transport by Different Segments of the Nephron Potassium Transport at the Cellular and Molecular Levels Regulation of Renal Potassium Excretion References
Chapter 38 Urine Concentration and Dilution
Water Balance and the Overall Renal Handling of Water Water Transport by Different Segments of the Nephron Generation of a Hyperosmotic Medulla and Urine Regulation by Arginine Vasopressin References
Chapter 39 Transport of Acids and Bases
Acid-Base Balance and the Overall Renal Handling of Acid Acid-Base Transport by Different Segments of the Nephron Acid-Base Transport at the Cellular and Molecular Levels Regulation of Renal Acid Secretion References
Chapter 40 Integration of Salt and Water Balance
Control of Extracellular Fluid Volume Control of Water Content (Extracellular Osmolality) References
Section VII The Gastrointestinal System
Chapter 41 Organization of the Gastrointestinal System
Overview of Digestive Processes Regulation of Gastrointestinal Function Gastrointestinal Motility References
Chapter 42 Gastric Function
Functional Anatomy of the Stomach Acid Secretion Pepsinogen Secretion Protection of the Gastric Surface Epithelium and Neutralization of Acid in the Duodenum Filling and Emptying of the Stomach References
Chapter 43 Pancreatic and Salivary Glands
Overview of Exocrine Gland Physiology Pancreatic Acinar Cell Pancreatic Duct Cell Composition, Function, and Control of Pancreatic Secretion Salivary Acinar Cell Salivary Duct Cell Composition, Function, and Control of Salivary Secretion References
Chapter 44 Intestinal Fluid and Electrolyte Movement
Functional Anatomy Overview of Fluid and Electrolyte Movement in the Intestines Cellular Mechanisms of Na+ Absorption Cellular Mechanisms of Cl− Absorption and Secretion Cellular Mechanisms of K+ Absorption and Secretion Regulation of Intestinal Ion Transport References
Chapter 45 Nutrient Digestion and Absorption
Carbohydrate Digestion Carbohydrate Absorption Protein Digestion Protein, Peptide, and Amino-Acid Absorption Lipid Digestion Lipid Absorption Digestion and Absorption of Vitamins and Minerals Nutritional Requirements References
Chapter 46 Hepatobiliary Function
Overview of Liver Physiology Functional Anatomy of the Liver and Biliary Tree Uptake, Processing, and Secretion of Compounds by Hepatocytes Bile Formation Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Acids The Liver as a Metabolic Organ References
Section VIII The Endocrine System
Chapter 47 Organization of Endocrine Control
Principles of Endocrine Function Peptide Hormones Amine Hormones Steroid and Thyroid Hormones References
Chapter 48 Endocrine Regulation of Growth and Body Mass
Growth Hormone Growth-Promoting Hormones Regulation of Body Mass References
Chapter 49 The Thyroid Gland
Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones Action of Thyroid Hormones Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis References
Chapter 50 The Adrenal Gland
The Adrenal Cortex: Cortisol The Adrenal Cortex: Aldosterone The Adrenal Medulla References
Chapter 51 The Endocrine Pancreas
Insulin Glucagon Somatostatin References
Chapter 52 The Parathyroid Glands and Vitamin D
Calcium and Phosphate Balance Physiology of Bone Parathyroid Hormone Vitamin D Calcitonin and Other Hormones References
Section IX The Reproductive System
Chapter 53 Sexual Differentiation
Genetic Aspects of Sexual Differentiation Differentiation of the Gonads Development of the Accessory Sex Organs Differentiation of the External Genitalia Endocrine and Paracrine Control of Sexual Differentiation Puberty References
Chapter 54 The Male Reproductive System
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis Testosterone Biology of Spermatogenesis and Semen Male Sex Act References
Chapter 55 The Female Reproductive System
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Control of the Menstrual Cycle Ovarian Steroids The Ovarian Cycle: Folliculogenesis, Ovulation, and Formation of the Corpus Luteum The Endometrial Cycle Female Sex Act Menopause References
Chapter 56 Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Lactation
Transport of Gametes and Fertilization Implantation of the Developing Embryo Physiology of the Placenta The Maternal-Placental-Fetal Unit Response of the Mother to Pregnancy Parturition Lactation References
Chapter 57 Fetal and Neonatal Physiology
Biology of Fetal Growth Development and Maturation of the Cardiopulmonary System Cardiopulmonary Adjustments at Birth Neonatal Physiology References
Section X Physiology of Everyday Life
Chapter 58 Metabolism
Forms of Energy Energy Balance Energy Interconversion From Cycling between 6-Carbon and 3-Carbon Molecules Energy Capture (Anabolism) Energy Liberation (Catabolism) Integrative Metabolism During Fasting References
Chapter 59 Regulation of Body Temperature
Heat and Temperature: Advantages of Homeothermy Modes of Heat Transfer Active Regulation of Body Temperature by the Central Nervous System Hypothermia, Hyperthermia, and Fever References
Chapter 60 Exercise Physiology and Sports Science
Motor Units and Muscle Function Conversion of Chemical Energy to Mechanical Work Muscle Fatigue Determinants of Maximal O2 Uptake and Consumption Sweating Endurance (Aerobic) Training References
Chapter 61 Environmental Physiology
The Environment Diving Physiology High-Altitude Physiology Flight and Space Physiology References
Chapter 62 The Physiology of Aging
Concepts in Aging Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Aging Aging of the Human Physiological Systems Aging Slowly References
Index
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