Linux in a Nutshell by Siever, Ellen -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Linux in a Nutshell

Preface

Organization of This Book Other Resources

Online Documentation Websites Linux Journal and Linux Magazine Usenet Newsgroups Online Linux Support Linux User Groups

Using Code Examples Conventions How to Contact Us Safari® Books Online Acknowledgments

1. Introduction

The Excitement of Linux Distribution and Support Commands on Linux What This Book Offers Sources and Licenses Beginner's Guide

Communication Comparisons File Management Media Printing Programming Program Maintenance Searching Shell Programming Storage System Status Text Processing Miscellaneous

2. System and Network Administration Overview

Common Commands

Clocks Daemons Hardware Host Information Installation Mail Managing Filesystems Managing the Kernel Networking Printing Security and System Integrity Starting and Stopping the System System Activity and Process Management Users Miscellaneous

Overview of Networking

TCP/IP Administration NFS and NIS Administration

Overview of TCP/IP

IP Addresses Gateways and Routing

Gateway protocols Routing daemons Routing tables

Name Service

DNS and BIND Domain names

Configuring TCP/IP

Network interfaces Serial-line communication

Troubleshooting TCP/IP

Overview of Firewalls and Masquerading Overview of NFS

Administering NFS Daemons Exporting Filesystems Mounting Filesystems

Overview of NIS

Servers Domains NIS Maps Map Manipulation Utilities

Administering NIS

Setting Up an NIS Server Setting Up an NIS Client NIS User Accounts

RPC and XDR

3. Linux Commands

Alphabetical Summary of Commands

accept access aclocal aconnect acpi acpid addr2line agetty alsactl alsamixer amidi amixer anacron aplay aplaymidi apmd apropos apt ar arch arecord arecordmidi arp as at atd atq atrm autoconf autoheader automake autoreconf autoscan autoupdate badblocks base64 basename bash batch bc bison bzcmp bzdiff bzgrep bzip2 bzless bzmore c++ c++filt cal cat cc cdda2wav cdparanoia cdrdao cdrecord cfdisk chage chattr chfn chgrp chkconfig chmod chown chpasswd chroot chrt chsh chvt cksum clear cmp col colcrt colrm column comm cp cpio cpp crond crontab csplit ctags cupsd cut date dd deallocvt debugfs depmod devdump df diff diff3 dig dir dircolors dirname dmesg doexec domainname dosfsck du dump dumpe2fs dumpiso dumpkeys dvdrecord e2fsck e2image e2label echo edquota egrep eject elvtune emacs enable env envsubst etags ex expand expr factor false fc-cache fc-list fdisk fgconsole fgrep file find flex fmt fold formail free fsck ftp ftpd fuser g++ gawk gcc gdb genisoimage getent getkeycodes gpasswd gpg gpgsplit gpgv gpm gprof grep groff groupadd groupdel groupmod groups grpck grpconv gs gunzip gzexe gzip halt hdparm head hexdump host hostid hostname htdigest hunspell hwclock icedax iconv id ifconfig imapd inetd info init initctl insmod install ionice ip ipcrm ipcs iptables iptables-restore iptables-save isodump isoinfo isosize isovfy ispell join kbd_mode kbdrate kill killall klogd last lastb lastlog ld ldconfig ldd less lesskey lftp lftpget link ln loadkeys locale locate lockfile logger login logrotate look losetup lpadmin lpinfo lpmove lpq lpr lprm lpstat ls lsattr lspci lsmod lsusb m4 mail mailq mailstats mailx make makedbm makemap man manpath md5sum merge mesg mkdir mkdosfs mke2fs mkfifo mkfs mkfs.ext3 mkisofs mklost+found mknod mkswap mktemp modinfo modprobe more mount mountd mt mv named namei nameif nc netstat newaliases newgrp newusers nfsd nfsstat nice nm nohup nslookup nsupdate objcopy objdump od openvt passwd paste patch pathchk pccardctl pidof ping pmap portmap poweroff pppd pr praliases printenv printf ps ptx pwck pwconv pwd quota quotacheck quotaon quotaoff quotastats ranlib rcp rdate rdist rdistd readcd readelf readlink readom reboot reject rename renice repquota reset resize2fs restore rev rexec rexecd rlogin rlogind rm rmail rmdir rmmod rndc route rpcbind rpcgen rpcinfo rpm rsh rshd rsync rsyslogd runlevel sane-find-scanner scanimage scp screen script sdiff sed sendmail sensors seq setkeycodes setleds setmetamode setquota setsid setterm sftp sh sha1sum showkey showmount shred shutdown size slabtop slattach sleep sort split ssh ssh-add ssh-agent ssh-keygen ssh-keyscan sshd stat statd strace strings strip stty su sudo sum swapoff swapon sync sysctl sysklogd syslogd tac tail tailf talk tar taskset tcpdump tcpslice tee telinit telnet telnetd test time tload tmpwatch top touch tr tracepath traceroute troff true tset tsort tty tune2fs tunelp ul umount uname unexpand unicode_start unicode_stop uniq unlink uptime useradd userdel usermod users usleep uuidgen vdir vi vidmode vim vmstat volname w wall warnquota watch wc wget whatis whereis which who whoami whois wodim write xargs xinetd yacc yes ypbind ypcat ypinit ypmatch yppasswd yppasswdd yppoll yppush ypserv ypset yptest ypwhich ypxfr ypxfrd zcat zcmp zdiff zforce zgrep zless zmore znew

4. Boot Methods

The Boot Process LILO: The Linux Loader

The LILO Configuration File

Global options Image options Kernel options

The lilo Command lilo Command Options LILO Boot Errors

GRUB: The Grand Unified Bootloader

Installing GRUB

Creating a GRUB boot CD Creating a GRUB boot floppy Using grub-install Installing from the GRUB command line

The GRUB Configuration File Using the Menu Interface The GRUB Shell

GRUB Commands

Command-Line and Global Menu Commands

bootp color device dhcp hide ifconfig pager partnew parttype password rarp serial setkey splashimage terminal tftpserver unhide

Command-Line and Menu-Entry Commands

blocklist boot cat chainloader cmp configfile debug displayapm displaymem dump embed find fstest geometry halt help impsprobe initrd install ioprobe kernel lock makeactive map md5crypt module modulenounzip pause quit read reboot root rootnoverify savedefault setup testload testvbe uppermem vbeprobe

Dual-Booting Linux and Windows 2000/XP/Vista Boot-Time Kernel Options initrd: Using a RAM Disk

5. Package Management

Yum: Yellowdog Updater Modified

The yum Command

General options

yum Command Summary

check-update clean deplist groupinfo groupinstall grouplist groupremove help info install list localinstall localupdate makecache provides reinstall remove repolist resolvedep search shell update upgrade

Plugins and yum-utils

The Red Hat Package Manager

RPM Package Concepts The rpm Command

General options Install, upgrade, and freshen options Query options Package-selection options Package-query options Uninstall options Verify options Database rebuild options Signature-check options Miscellaneous options FTP/HTTP options

RPM Examples The rpmbuild Command

rpmbuild options

The Debian Package Manager

Files Package Priorities Package and Selection States Package Flags Scripts Debian Package Manager Command Summary

apt-cache apt-cdrom apt-config apt-extracttemplates apt-ftparchive apt-get apt-sortpkgs aptitude dpkg dpkg-deb dpkg-query dpkg-split dselect synaptic

6. The Bash Shell

Overview of Features Invoking the Shell

Options Arguments

Syntax

Special Files Filename Metacharacters

Examples

Quoting

Examples

Command Forms

Examples

Redirection Forms

Simple redirection Redirection using file descriptors Multiple redirection Examples

Coprocesses

Functions Variables

Variable Substitution

Examples

Built-in Shell Variables Other Shell Variables Arrays Special Prompt Strings

Arithmetic Expressions

Operators Examples

Command History

Line-Edit Mode

Common editing keystrokes

The fc Command

Examples

Programmable Completion

Examples

Job Control Command Execution Restricted Shells Built-in Commands

! # #!shell : . [[ ]] alias bg bind break builtin caller case cd command compgen complete continue declare dirs disown do done echo enable esac eval exec exit export false fc fg fi for for function getopts hash help history if jobs kill let local logout mapfile name ( ) popd printf pushd pwd read readonly return select set shift shopt source suspend test time times trap true type ulimit umask unalias unset until wait while

7. Pattern Matching

Filenames Versus Patterns Metacharacters

Search Patterns Replacement Patterns

Metacharacters, Listed by Program Examples of Searching

Examples of Searching and Replacing

8. The Emacs Editor

Conceptual Overview

Modes Buffer and Window Point and Mark Kill and Yank Notes on the Tables Absolutely Essential Commands

Command-Line Syntax Summary of Commands by Group

File-Handling Commands Cursor-Movement Commands Deletion Commands Paragraphs and Regions Stopping and Undoing Commands Transposition Commands Search Commands Capitalization Commands Word-Abbreviation Commands Buffer-Manipulation Commands Window Commands Special Shell Characters Indentation Commands Centering Commands Macro Commands Detail Information Help Commands Help Commands

Summary of Commands by Key

Control-Key Sequences Meta-Key Sequences

Summary of Commands by Name

9. The vi, ex, and vim Editors

Conceptual Overview Command-Line Syntax

Command-Line Options

Review of vi Operations

Command Mode Insert Mode Syntax of vi Commands

Examples Visual mode (vim only)

Status-Line Commands

vi Commands

Movement Commands

Character Text Lines Screens Searches Line numbering Marks

Insert Commands Edit Commands

Changing and deleting text Copying and moving

Saving and Exiting Accessing Multiple Files Window Commands Interacting with the System Macros Miscellaneous Commands

vi Configuration

The :set Command Options Used by :set Sample .exrc File

ex Basics

Syntax of ex Commands Addresses Address Symbols Options

Alphabetical Summary of ex Commands

abbreviate append args bdelete buffer buffers cd center change close copy delete edit file fold foldclose foldopen global hide insert join jumps k left list map mark marks mkexrc move new next nohlsearch number only open preserve previous print put qall quit read read recover redo resize rewind right sbnext sbuffer set shell snext source split sprevious stop substitute suspend sview t tag tags unabbreviate undo unhide unmap v version view visual visual vsplit wall wnext write write wq wqall X xit yank z ! = < > address Enter @ & ~

10. The sed Editor

Conceptual Overview

Typical Uses of sed sed Operation

Command-Line Syntax

Standard Options GNU sed Options

Syntax of sed Commands

Pattern Addressing Pattern Addressing Examples GNU sed Regular Expression Extensions

Group Summary of sed Commands

Basic Editing Line Information Input/Output Processing Yanking and Putting Branching Commands Multiline Input Processing

Alphabetical Summary of sed Commands

# : = a b c d D e g G h H i l n N p P q Q r R s t T v w W x y

11. The gawk Programming Language

Conceptual Overview Command-Line Syntax

Standard Options Important gawk Options

Patterns and Procedures

Patterns Procedures Simple Pattern-Procedure Examples

Built-in Variables Operators Variable and Array Assignment

Escape sequences Octal and Hexadecimal Constants in gawk

User-Defined Functions gawk-Specific Features

Coprocesses and Sockets Profiling File Inclusion Internationalization

Implementation Limits Group Listing of awk Functions and Commands Alphabetical Summary of awk Functions and Commands

# and asort asorti atan2 bindtextdomain break close compl continue cos dcgettext dcngettext delete do exit exp extension fflush for for function gensub getline gsub if index int length log lshift match mktime next nextfile or print printf rand return rshift sin split sprintf sqrt srand strftime strtonum sub substr system systime tolower toupper while xor

Output Redirections printf Formats

12. Source Code Management: An Overview

Introduction and Terminology Usage Models Source Code Management Systems Other Source Code Management Systems

13. The Subversion Version Control System

Conceptual Overview

Basic Version-Control Operations Key Features Special File Properties Obtaining Subversion Using Subversion: A Quick Tour

The Subversion Command Line Client: svn

Common svn Options svn Subcommands

add blame cat changelist checkout cleanup commit copy delete diff export help import info list lock log merge mergeinfo mkdir move propdel propedit propget proplist propset resolve resolved revert status switch unlock update

Repository Administration: svnadmin

Common svnadmin Options Common svnadmin Subcommands

create deltify dump help hotcopy list-dblogs list-unused-dblogs load lslocks lstxns recover rmlocks rmtxns setlog setrevprop setuuid verify

Examining the Repository: svnlook

svnlook Options svnlook Subcommands

author cat changed date diff dirs-changed help history info lock log propget proplist tree uuid youngest

Providing Remote Access: svnserve

svnserve Options

14. The Git Version Control System

Conceptual Overview

Git Repository Format Referring to Commits

Using Git: A Quick Tour

Before You Start Example: The Linux Kernel Repository Creating and Sharing a New Repository

The Git Command Line Client: git

The git Command Accessing Git's Online Help git Subcommands

add archive bisect branch checkout cherry-pick clean clone commit config diff fetch gc gitk grep init log merge mv pull push rebase reflog remote reset revert rm stash status tag

15. Virtualization Command-Line Tools

Conceptual Overview

System Requirements Virtualization Technology Network Concepts libvirt Tools and Terminology

Basic Virtualization Operations

Creating Virtual Systems

Examples

Managing Virtual Systems Graphic and Console Interfaces Configuring Networks MAC Addresses Making Changes to Virtual Machines Creating and Manipulating Disk Image Files

Xen

Paravirtualization and Architecture Xen Networking Xen Commands

xm xentop

KVM

QEMU Ubuntu Builder Scripts

libvirt and Red Hat Virtual Machine Manager

XML Configuration Files Connection URIs Connection URI Examples Remote GUI control IP Forwarding and libvirt Networking

libvirt and Virtual Machine Manager Commands

virsh virt-clone virt-image virt-install virt-viewer virt-manager

VMware ESX 3.5

ESX Management Client Virtual Center

VMware Networking

Shared Disks Snapshots VMware Tools ESX Server Commands

esxcfg-firewall esxcfg-vswif esxcfg-vswitch esxcfg-nics esxtop vmware-cmd vmkfstools

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