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Index
Essential SNMP, 2nd Edition
A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
Preface
Audience for This Book
Organization
What's New in This Edition
Example Programs
Using Code Examples
Conventions Used in This Book
Comments and Questions
Safari® Enabled
Acknowledgments for the Second Edition
Douglas
Kevin
Acknowledgments for the First Edition
1. Introduction to SNMP and Network Management
1.1. What Is SNMP?
1.1.1. RFCs and SNMP Versions
1.1.2. Managers and Agents
1.1.3. The Structure of Management Information and MIBs
1.1.4. Host Management
1.1.5. A Brief Introduction to Remote Monitoring (RMON)
1.2. The Concept of Network Management
1.2.1. Fault Management
1.2.2. Configuration Management
1.2.3. Accounting Management
1.2.4. Performance Management
1.2.5. Security Management
1.3. Applying the Concepts of Network Management
1.3.1. Business Case Requirements
1.3.2. Levels of Activity
1.3.3. Reporting of Trend Analysis
1.3.4. Response Time Reporting
1.3.5. Alarm Correlation
1.3.6. Trouble Resolution
1.4. Change Management
1.4.1. Planning for Change
1.4.2. Managing Change
1.4.3. High-Level Process Flow for Planned Change Management
1.4.3.1. Scope
1.4.3.2. Risk assessment
1.4.3.3. Test and validation
1.4.3.4. Change planning
1.4.3.5. Change controller
1.4.3.6. Change management team
1.4.3.7. Communication
1.4.3.8. Implementation team
1.4.3.9. Test evaluation of change
1.4.3.10. Network management update
1.4.3.11. Documentation
1.4.4. High-Level Process Flow for Emergency Change Management
1.4.4.1. Issue determination
1.4.4.2. Limited risk assessment
1.4.4.3. Communication and documentation
1.4.4.4. Implementation
1.4.4.5. Test and evaluation
1.4.5. Before and After SNMP
1.4.6. Staffing Considerations
1.5. Getting More Information
2. SNMPv1 and SNMPv2
2.1. SNMP and UDP
2.2. SNMP Communities
2.3. The Structure of Management Information
2.3.1. Naming OIDs
2.3.2. Defining OIDs
2.4. Extensions to the SMI in Version 2
2.5. A Closer Look at MIB-II
2.6. SNMP Operations
2.6.1. The get Operation
2.6.2. The getnext Operation
2.6.3. The getbulk Operation
2.6.4. The set Operation
2.6.5. get, getnext, getbulk, and set Error Responses
2.6.6. SNMP Traps
2.6.7. SNMP Notification
2.6.8. SNMP inform
2.6.9. SNMP report
2.7. Host Management Revisited
2.8. Remote Monitoring Revisited
2.9. Reverse Engineering SNMP
3. SNMPv3
3.1. Changes in SNMPv3
3.1.1. The SNMPv3 Engine
3.1.2. SNMPv3 Applications
3.1.3. What Does an Entity Look Like?
3.1.4. SNMPv3 Textual Conventions
3.2. USM
3.2.1. The Basics
3.2.2. Discovery
3.2.3. USM Timeliness
3.2.4. Authentication
3.2.5. Privacy
3.2.6. USM User Table
3.2.7. Localized Keys and Changing Keys
3.3. VACM
3.3.1. The Basics
3.3.2. Context Table
3.3.3. Security to Group Table
3.3.4. Access Table
3.3.5. View Tree Family Table
3.4. SNMPv3 in the Real World
4. NMS Architectures
4.1. Hardware Considerations
4.2. NMS Architectures
4.3. A Look Ahead
5. Configuring Your NMS
5.1. HP's OpenView Network Node Manager
5.1.1. Running NNM
5.1.2. The netmon Process
5.1.3. Configuring Polling Intervals
5.1.4. A Few Words About NNM Map Colors
5.1.5. Using OpenView Filters
5.1.5.1. Sets
5.1.5.2. Filters
5.1.5.3. FilterExpressions
5.1.6. Loading MIBs into OpenView
5.2. Castle Rock's SNMPc Enterprise Edition
5.2.1. SNMPc's Map
5.2.2. Discovery and Filters
5.2.3. Discovery Run-Through
5.2.4. Configuring SNMPv3
5.2.5. Loading MIBs into SNMPc
6. Configuring SNMP Agents
6.1. Parameter Settings
6.2. Security Concerns
6.3. Agent Configuration Walkthroughs
6.3.1. Windows Agents (Net-SNMP)
6.3.2. HP OpenView Agent for HP-UX and Solaris
6.3.2.1. Simple configuration
6.3.2.2. Advanced configuration
6.3.3. Net-SNMP for Unix
6.3.3.1. Running the configuration script
6.3.3.2. Creating a configuration by hand
6.3.3.3. Using snmpusm to manage users
6.3.4. Concord SystemEDGE Agent for Unix and Windows
6.3.4.1. Simple configuration
6.3.4.2. Advanced configuration
6.3.5. Cisco Devices
6.3.5.1. Simple configuration
6.3.5.2. Advanced configuration
6.3.5.3. Configuring SNMPv3
6.3.6. APC Symetra
7. Polling and Setting
7.1. Retrieving a Single MIB Value
7.1.1. Using HP OpenView to Retrieve Values
7.1.2. Using Net-SNMP
7.2. Retrieving Multiple MIB Values
7.2.1. Walking the MIB Tree with OpenView
7.2.2. Walking the Tree with Net-SNMP
7.3. Setting a MIB Value
7.4. Error Responses
8. Polling and Thresholds
8.1. Internal Polling
8.1.1. Remote Monitoring (RMON)
8.1.1.1. RMON configuration
8.2. External Polling
8.2.1. Collecting and Displaying Data with OpenView
8.2.2. OpenView Graphing
8.2.3. OpenView Data Collection and Thresholds
8.2.3.1. Designing collections
8.2.3.2. Creating a threshold
8.2.4. Castle Rock's SNMPc
8.2.5. Open Source Tools for Data Collection and Graphing
9. Traps
9.1. Understanding Traps
9.1.1. SNMPv2 Traps
9.2. Receiving Traps
9.2.1. HP OpenView
9.2.2. Using NNM's Event Configurations
9.2.2.1. Selecting event sources
9.2.2.2. Setting event categories
9.2.2.3. Forwarding events and event severities
9.2.2.4. Log messages, notifications, and automatic actions
9.2.3. Custom Event Categories
9.2.4. The Event Categories Display
9.2.5. The Alarms Browser
9.2.6. Creating Events Within OpenView
9.2.7. Monitoring Traps with Perl
9.2.8. Using the Network Computing Technologies Trap Receiver
9.2.9. Receiving Traps Using Net-SNMP
9.3. Sending Traps
9.3.1. Sending Traps with OpenView
9.3.2. Sending Traps with Perl
9.3.3. Sending Traps with Network Computing Technologies' Trap Generator
9.3.4. Sending Traps with Net-SNMP
9.3.5. Forcing Your Hardware to Generate Traps
9.3.6. Receiving Traps with SNMPc
9.3.6.1. Custom trap actions
9.3.7. Using Hooks with Your Programs
10. Extensible SNMP Agents
10.1. Net-SNMP
10.2. SystemEDGE
10.2.1. Extensibility for Unix and Windows
10.2.2. Added Extensibility for Windows
10.3. OpenView's Extensible Agent
10.3.1. Tables
11. Adapting SNMP to Fit Your Environment
11.1. General Trap-Generation Program
11.2. Who's Logging into My Machine? (I-Am-In)
11.3. Throw Core
11.4. Veritas Disk Check
11.5. Disk-Space Checker
11.6. Port Monitor
11.7. Service Monitoring
11.7.1. Web Content
11.7.2. SMTP and POP3
11.7.3. DNS
11.7.4. More Monitoring Suggestions
11.8. Pinging with Cisco
11.9. Simple SNMP Agent
11.10. Switch Port Control
11.11. Wireless Networking
11.12. SNMP: The Object-Oriented Way
11.12.1. Extending SNMP::Info
11.13. Final Words
12. MRTG
12.1. Using MRTG
12.2. Viewing Graphs
12.3. Graphing Other Objects
12.4. Other Data-Gathering Applications
12.5. Pitfalls
12.6. Getting Help
13. RRDtool and Cricket
13.1. RRDtool
13.1.1. Installing RRDtool
13.2. Cricket
13.2.1. Cricket's History
13.2.2. Cricket's Config Tree
13.2.3. Installing Cricket
13.2.4. Configuring and Using Cricket
13.2.5. Gathering Router Data
13.2.6. Command-Line Data Sources
13.2.7. Parallelizing Cricket
13.2.8. Help with Cricket
14. Java and SNMP
14.1. SNMP4J
14.2. SNMP getnext
14.3. SNMP set
14.4. Sending Traps and Informs
14.5. Receiving Traps and Informs
14.6. Resources
A. Using Input and Output Octets
B. More on OpenView's NNM
B.1. Using External Data
B.2. Adding a Menu to NNM
B.3. Profiles for Different Users
B.4. Using NNM for Communications
C. Net-SNMP Tools
C.1. Net-SNMP and MIB Files
C.2. Common Command-Line Arguments
C.3. Net-SNMP Command-Line Tools
C.3.1. snmpwalk
C.3.2. snmpget
C.3.3. snmpbulkget
C.3.4. snmpbulkwalk
C.3.5. snmpset
C.3.6. snmptrap
C.3.7. snmpdelta
C.3.8. snmpdf
C.3.9. snmpgetnext
C.3.10. snmpstatus
C.3.11. snmptable
C.3.12. snmpusm
C.3.13. snmpconf
C.3.14. snmpinform
C.3.15. snmptranslate
D. SNMP RFCs
D.1. SMIv1 Data Definition Language
D.2. SMIv2 Data Definition Language
D.3. SNMPv3 Protocol
D.4. SNMP Agent Extensibility
D.5. SMIv1 MIB Modules
D.6. SMIv2 MIB Modules
D.7. IANA-Maintained MIB Modules
D.8. Related Documents
E. SNMP Support for Perl
E.1. SNMP_Util
E.1.1. MIB Management Routines
E.1.1.1. snmpmapOID()
E.1.1.2. snmpMIB_to_OID()
E.1.1.3. snmpLoad_OID_Cache()
E.1.1.4. snmpQueue_MIB_File()
E.1.2. SNMP Operations
E.1.2.1. snmpget()
E.1.2.2. snmpgetnext()
E.1.2.3. snmpwalk()
E.1.2.4. snmpset()
E.1.2.5. snmptrap()
E.2. Net-SNMP
E.2.1. MIB Management Routines
E.2.1.1. &SNMP::loadModules(<mod>,...)
E.2.1.2. &SNMP::addMibDirs(<dir>,...)
E.2.2. SNMP Operations
E.2.2.1. snmpwalk
E.2.2.2. snmpget
E.2.2.3. snmpset
F. Network Management Software
F.1. SNMP Agents
F.2. NMS Suites
F.3. Element Managers (Vendor-Specific Management)
F.4. Trend Analysis
F.5. Supporting Software
G. Open Source Monitoring Software
G-1. Big Brother
G-2. Nagios
G-3. JFFNMS
G-4. OpenNMS
G-5. NINO
H. Network Troubleshooting Primer
H-1. ping
H-2. ipconfig and ifconfig
H-3. arp
H-4. netstat
H-5. traceroute and tracert
H-6. nslookup and dig
H-7. whois
H-8. Ethereal
15. About the Authors
About the Authors
Colophon
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