Hunting.Serial.Predators.eBook-EEn by Godwin, Grover Maurice -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

EEn Front Cover Back Cover Hunting Serial Predators: A Multivariate Classification Approach to Profiling Violent Behavior

Prologue Preface Acknowledgements About the Author Introduction Dedication TOC

Chapter 1: Motives For Murder: What Differentiates Killers?

1.1 Sociogenic Motives for Murder 1.2 Culture Motives for Murder 1.3 Biogenic Motives for Murder 1.4 Psychogenic Motives for Murder 1.5 Murder Typologies 1.6 Theories on Instrumental and Reactive Aggression 1.7 The Distinction Between Instrumental and Expressive Behavior in Murder 1.8 Classifying Aggression in Serial Murderers

Chapter 2: Reliability, Validity, and Utility of Extant Serial Murderer Classifications

2.1 The Origins of the FBI Serial Murder Project

2.1.1 The Organized Serial Murderer 2.1.2 The Disorganized Serial Murderer

2.2 Discrepancies in the Organized and Disorganized Dichotomy

2.2.1 Reliability of the FBI Serial Murderer Sample 2.2.2 Inferring Behavior from Fantasy in the FBI Model

2.3 Validity of the FBI Serial Murder Model

2.3.1 Lack of Empirical Operational Definitions 2.3.2 False Dichotomization of Variables

2.4 Utility of the FBI Serial Murder Model 2.5 The Personality to Behavior Confusion 2.6 Other Perspectives on Classifying Serial Murderers

2.6.1 Sewell's Approach 2.6.2 The Holmes Approach 2.6.3 Hickey's Approach 2.6.4 The Dietz Approach

2.7 Investigative Process Management (IPM)

2.7.1 Induction as Systematization

2.8 Deriving Inductive Profiles from Deductive Experiences 2.9 A Move Towards a Facet Classification of Serial Murderers

Chapter 3: A Thematic Facet Model of Serial Murder

3.1 The Facet Approach

3.1.1 Facet Structures 3.1.2 Constituents of Facets

3.2 Narrative Themes

3.2.1 Criminal Narratives

3.3 Rationale for the Facet Model of Serial Murder

3.3.1 The Behavioral Organizational Facet 3.3.2 Affective Element

3.4 The Cognitive Element

3.4.1 Consistency in the Cognitive Element

3.5 The Attachment Facet

3.5.1 Victim as Vehicle Element 3.5.2 Victim as Object Element

3.6 Common Behavioral Actions 3.7 Summary

3.7.1 The Facet Model of Serial Murder

Chapter 4: Research Objectives

4.1 General Hypotheses 4.2 Research Conditions 4.3 Identifying Background Characteristics

Chapter 5: Data Acquisition and Content Analysis

5.1 Data Acquisition

5.1.1 Homicide Investigative Tracking System (HITS)

5.2 Type of Variables Identified

5.2.1 Content Categories

5.3 Reliability

Chapter 6: Research Design and Methodology

6.1 Coding the Data Matrix 6.2 The Initial Preparatory Stage 6.3 Mapping Sentence

6.3.1 Structuples in a Mapping Sentence 6.3.2 Elements of the Facet

6.4 Nonmetric Multivariate Analysis

6.4.1 Smallest Space Analysis (SSA-I) 6.4.2 Regions and Dimension Interpretation of SSA 6.4.3 Partial Order Scalogram Analysis (POSA)

6.5 Summary

Chapter 7: Descriptive Statistics of Victims

7.1 Characteristics of Serial Murder VictimsÌ Ages 7.2 Characteristics of VictimsÌ Gender 7.3 Characteristics of VictimsÌ Ethnicity 7.4 Characteristics of Victim-Offender Relationships

7.4.1 Stranger-to-Stranger 7.4.2 Victim Worked as a Prostitute

7.5 Victim - Killer Relationships in Relation to Victims' Ages 7.6 Summary

Chapter 8: Descriptive Statistics of Offenders

8.1 Characteristics of Offenders' Ages 8.2 Characteristics of Killers' Age and Victim Offender Relationship 8.3 Characteristics of Serial Murderers' Gender 8.4 Characteristics of Serial Murderers' Ethnicity 8.5 Serial Killers' Employment History 8.6 Serial Killers' Marital Status 8.7 Serial Killers' Educational Status 8.8 Serial Killers' Mental History 8.9 Serial Killers' Sexual History

8.9.1 Offenders' Sexuality 8.9.2 Pornography 8.9.3 Bizarre Sexual Activities

8.10 Characteristics of Serial Killers' Criminal History

8.10.1 Burglary Offenses 8.10.2 Violent Offenses 8.10.3 Sex Offenses 8.10.4 Drug Offenses 8.10.5 Fraud Offenses 8.10.6 Domestic Offenses 8.10.7 Offenders on Parole or Probation 8.10.8 Juvenile Criminal History

8.11 Miscellaneous Characteristics of Serial Killers' Background Histories

8.11.1 Military Record 8.11.2 Emotional Setback 8.11.3 Offender Attempted or Committed Suicide 8.11.4 Prior Work in Law Enforcement

8.12 Summary

Chapter 9: Elements of Crime Scene Behavior

9.1 Elements of KillersÌ Method of Gaining Access to the Victim

9.1.1 Blitz, Cons, and Ploys 9.1.2 Solicited for Sex 9.1.3 Forced Entered VictimsÌ Homes at Night 9.1.4 Aliases 9.1.5 Victim was Stalked

9.2 Elements of KillersÌ Method of Controlling the Victim

9.2.1 Victims Bound with Rope 9.2.2 Victims Gagged 9.2.3 Victims Bound with Tape 9.2.4 Victims Bound with Handcuffs 9.2.5 Victims Bound with Own Clothing 9.2.6 Victims Bound with Electrical Cord 9.2.7 Blindfold and Covering the VictimÌs Face

9.3 Elements of KillersÌ Cognitive Planning

9.3.1 Weapon and Restraint Selection 9.3.2 Crime Kit 9.3.3 Victim Drugged

9.4 Killers' Methods of Death

9.4.1 Method of Death: Knife 9.4.2 Method of Death: Ligature Strangulation 9.4.3 Method of Death: Firearm 9.4.4 Method of Death: Bludgeon

9.5 Methods of Killers' Sexual Degradation of the Victim

9.5.1 Vaginal Penetration 9.5.2 Anal Penetration 9.5.3 Sex Organs Assaulted and Foreign Objects 9.5.4 Male Sexual Assault 9.5.5 Postmortem Sexual Activities

9.6 Elements of Killers' Sadistic Behavior

9.6.1 Tortured Victims 9.6.2 Dismemberment Postmortem 9.6.3 Ritualistic Acts 9.6.4 Piqueurism 9.6.5 Victims' Body Posed 9.6.6 Anthropophagy

9.7 Actions Indicating Killers' Psychological Reflection

9.7.1 Offender Retained Trophies 9.7.2 Photos 9.7.3 Kept Diary of Crimes 9.7.4 Offender Interjected Himself Into the Investigation

9.8 Actions Indicating Killers' Forensic Disorganization

9.8.1 Semen Found at Crime Scene 9.8.2 Restraint Found at Crime Scene 9.8.3 Body Openly Displayed 9.8.4 Weapon Found at the Crime Scene 9.8.5 Ransacked Victims' Property 9.8.6 Bite Marks on Victim 9.8.7 Victims' Vehicle Stolen

9.9 Actions Indicating Killers' Forensic Organization

9.9.1 Body Hidden 9.9.2 Body Transported 9.9.3 Clothing Hidden 9.9.4 Offender Destroyed Evidence 9.9.5 Victims' Body Disfigured 9.9.6 Victims' Body Buried 9.9.7 Body Parts Scattered 9.9.8 Property at Crime Scene Undisturbed

9.10 Summary

Chapter 10: Smallest Space Analysis ( SSA- I) of Crime Scene Behaviors

10.1 Modeling the Crime Scene Actions of Serial Murderers 10.2 Explanation of the Smallest Space Analysis Procedure

10.2.1 Preparing the Data for the SSA

10.3 Procedure Rationale 10.4 Smallest Space Analysis SSA-I: Results

10.4.1 Interpretation of SSA Configurations

10.5 SSA Results for the First Offense Series

10.5.1 Focal Aspects of Serial Murder

10.6 Facets of Behavior in Serial Murder

10.6.1 Affective Element 10.6.2 Cognitive Element

10.7 Attachment to Victim Facet

10.7.1 Victim as Vehicle Element 10.7.2 Victim as Object Element

10.8 Regional Themes in Serial Murder 10.9 Cronbach Alpha Analysis 10.10 Classifying Crime Scene Actions into Themes

10.10.1 Affective-Vehicle (AV) Theme 10.10.2 Affective-Object (AO) Theme 10.10.3 Cognitive-Vehicle (CV) Theme 10.10.4 Cognitive-Object (CO) Theme

10.11 Confirmatory SSA Results 10.12 Summary

Chapter 11: Partial Order Scalogram Analysis of Crime Scene Behaviors

11.1 Selecting Behaviors for Partial Order Scalogram Analysis ( POSA) 11.2 Linear Structure Between Variables in the Affective- Vehicle Behavioral Theme 11.3 Linear Structure Between Variables in the Affective- Object Behavioral Theme 11.4 Linear Structure Between Variables in the Cognitive- Vehicle Behavioral Theme 11.5 Linear Structure Between Variables in the Cognitive- Object Behavioral Theme 11.6 Scaling to Order the Crime Scene Behavior of Serial Murderers 11.7 Individual Item Diagrams Partitioning 11.8 Coding the Data for POSA 11.9 POSA Results for the Affective-Vehicle Theme

11.9.1 Interpreting the POSA Individual Item Plots for the Affective- Vehicle Theme

11.10 POSA Results for the Affective-Object Theme

11.10.1 Interpreting Individual POSA Item Plots for the Affective- Object Theme

11.11 POSA Results for the Cognitive-Vehicle Theme

11.11.1 Interpreting the POSA Individual Item Plots for the Cognitive-Vehicle Theme

11.12 POSA Results for the Cognitive-Object Theme

11.12.1 Interpreting the Individual POSA Item Plots for the Cognitive-Object Theme

11.13 Summary

Chapter 12: Consistency in Serial Murderers and Their Crime Scene Behaviors

12.1 Consistency in Serial Murderers' Crime Scene Behaviors 12.2 Faceted SSA Model of Crime Scene Behaviors 12.3 Assigning Serial Murderers to Themes 12.4 Searching for Consistency Between Crime Scene Behaviors Using Cochran’s Q Analysis 12.5 Consistency of Serial Murderers Across their First, Middle, and Last Offense Series 12.6 Summary

Chapter 13: Modeling Crime Scene Behavior and Background Characteristics

13.1 The Challenge of Linking Crime Scene Actions to Background Characteristics 13.2 Point-Biserial Analysis of Crime Scene Behavior and Background Characteristics

13.2.1 Results of the Point-Biserial Analysis

13.3 Initial Preparation of the Data 13.4 Elements of Crime Scene Behavior and Criminal History

13.4.1 Interpreting POSA Main Item Plots for Crime Scene Actions and Criminal History

13.5 Affective-Vehicle Theme and Criminal History

13.5.1 POSA Individual Item Plots for the AV Theme and Criminal History

13.6 Affective-Object Theme and Criminal History

13.6.1 POSA Individual Item Plots for the AO Theme and Criminal History

13.7 Cognitive-Vehicle Theme and Criminal History

13.7.1 POSA Individual Item Plots for the CV Theme and Criminal History

13.8 Cognitive-Object Theme and Criminal History

13.8.1 POSA Individual Item Plots for the CO Theme and Criminal History

13.9 Summary 13.10 Serial Murderers, Crime Scene Behavior, and Sex 13.11 Elements of Crime Scene Behavior and Sexual History

13.11.1 Interpreting the POSA Main Item Plots for Crime Scene Behavior and Sexual History

13.12 Affective-Vehicle Theme and Sexual History

13.12.1 POSA Individual Item Plots for the AV Theme and Sexual History

13.13 Affective-Object Theme and Sexual History

13.13.1 POSA Individual Item Plots for the AO Theme and Sexual History

13.14 Cognitive-Vehicle Theme and Sexual History

13.14.1 POSA Individual Item Plots for the CV Theme and Sexual History

13.15 Cognitive-Object Theme and Sexual History

13.15.1 POSA Individual Item Plots for the CO Theme and Sexual History

13.16 Summary 13.17 Elements of Crime Scene Behavior and Personal History

13.17.1 Interpreting the POSA Main Item Plots for Personal History

13.18 Affective–Vehicle Theme and Personal History

13.18.1 POSA Individual Item Plots for the AV Theme and Personal History

13.19 Affective–Object Theme and Personal History

13.19.1 POSA Individual Item Plots for the AO Theme and Personal History

13.20 Cognitive–Vehicle Theme and Personal History

13.20.1 POSA Individual Item Plots for the CV Theme and Personal History

13.21 Cognitive–Object Theme and Personal History

13.21.1 POSA Individual Item Plots for the CO Theme and Personal History

13.22 Elements of Crime Scene Behavior and Age 13.23 Age and Thematic Classifications 13.24 Difference Between Offenders’ Ages Across the Four Themes

13.24.1 ANOVA Results

13.25 Elements of Crime Scene Behavior, Personal History, and Age

13.25.1 Results of the Point-Biserial Correlation Between Age, Crime Scene Behavior, and Background Characteristics

13.26 Summary

Chapter 14: Applications To Police Investigations

14.1 Case Study Research

14.1.1 Presentation of Case Studies

14.2 Inner Themes - Outer Behaviors of an Affective- Vehicle ( AV) Serial Murderer

14.2.1 WalkerÌs Victims 14.2.2 WalkerÌs Background History 14.2.3 Summary of Walker

14.3 Inner Themes - Outer Behaviors of an Affective-Object ( AO) Serial Murderer

14.3.1 CarpenterÌs Victims 14.3.2 CarpenterÌs Murders 14.3.3 CarpenterÌs Background History

14.4 Inner Themes - Outer Behaviors of a Cognitive- Vehicle ( CV) Serial Murderer

14.4.1 KraftÌs Victims 14.4.2 KraftÌs Background History 14.4.3 Summary of Kraft

14.5 Inner Themes - Outer Behavior of a Cognitive-Object ( CO) Serial Murderer

14.5.1 BerdellaÌs Victims 14.5.2 BerdellaÌs Background History 14.5.3 Summary of Berdella

14.6 The Representation of Crime Information 14.7 Profiling a Serial Murderer and his Offenses: Linking Crimes Using the Facet Model 14.8 The Victims 14.9 Linking Behaviors Using Jaccard’s Coefficients

14.9.1 Co-occurrence of Behaviors Across a Series of Murders 14.9.2 Preparing the Data for SSA-I Analysis

14.10 SSA Results of Raleigh Murders 14.11 Original Psychological Profile Offered in the Five Unsolved Murders in Raleigh, North Carolina 14.12 Discussion of Offender Profile 14.13 Summary

Chapter 15: General Discussion and Conclusions APPENDIX : RESEARCH DATA COLLECTION PROTOCOL

Appendix A: Crime Scene Variables Appendix B: Victim and Offender Background Characteristics

References

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