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Index
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Contents
List of Plates
List of Figures
Abbreviations of Library and Archive Locations
Other Abbreviations
Part I: Introductory
1. Early Enlightenment, Revolution, and the Modern Age
1. ANCIEN RÉGIME AND REVOLUTION
2. HISTORIANS AND THE WRITING OF ‘INTELLECTUAL HISTORY’
3. L’ESPRIT PHILOSOPHIQUE
2. Philosophy and the Making of Modernity
1. SPINOZA AND SPINOZISM IN THE RADICAL ENLIGHTENMENT
2. LOCKE, HUME, AND THE MAKING OF MODERNITY
Part II: The Crisis of Religious Authority
3. Faith and Reason: Bayle versus the Rationaux
1. EUROPE’S RELIGIOUS CRISIS
2. CONSENSUS GENTIUM AND THE PHILOSOPHES
3. VOLTAIRE AND THE ECLIPSE OF BAYLE
4. Demolishing Priesthood, Ancient and Modern
5. Socinianism and the Social, Psychological, and Cultural Roots of Enlightenment
6. Locke, Bayle, and Spinoza: A Contest of Three Toleration Doctrines
1. TOLERATION FROM LOCKE TO BARBEYRAC
2. BAYLE’S FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE
3. SPINOZA’S LIBERTY OF THOUGHT AND EXPRESSION
7. Germany and the Baltic: Enlightenment, Society, and the Universities
1. THE PROBLEM OF ‘ATHEISM’
2. ACADEMIC DISPUTATIONS AND THE MAKING OF GERMAN RADICAL THOUGHT
3. AN ALTERNATIVE ROUTE? JOHANN LORENZ SCHMIDT AND ‘LEFT’ WOLFFIAN RADICALISM
4. NATURAL THEOLOGY, NATURAL LAW, AND THE RADICAL CHALLENGE
8. Newtonianism and Anti-Newtonianism in the Early Enlightenment: Science, Philosophy, and Religion
1. ENGLISH PHYSICO-THEOLOGY
2. FROM ’S-GRAVESANDE TO D’ALEMBERT (1720–1750)
Part III: Political Emancipation
9. Anti-Hobbesianism and the Making of ‘Modernity’
10. The Origins of Modern Democratic Republicanism
1. CLASSICAL REPUBLICANISM VERSUS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANISM
2. DEMOCRACY IN RADICAL THOUGHT
11. Bayle,Boulainvilliers, Montesquieu: Secular Monarchy versus the Aristocratic Republic
1. BAYLE’S POLITICS
2. EARLY ENLIGHTENMENT FRENCH POLITICAL THOUGHT
3. THE IDEAL OF MIXED MONARCHY
12. ‘Enlightened Despotism’: Autocracy, Faith, and Enlightenment in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (1689–1755)
1. PETER THE GREAT’S ‘REVOLUTION’ (1689–1725)
2. EUROPE AND THE RUSSIAN ENLIGHTENMENT (1725–1755)
3. LOCKE, NEWTON, AND LEIBNIZ IN THE GREEK CULTURAL DIASPORA
13. Popular Sovereignty, Resistance, and the ‘Right to Revolution’
14. Anglomania, Anglicisme, and the ‘British Model’
1. ENGLISH DEISM AND THE RECOIL FROM RADICALISM
2. FRENCH ANGLICISME
3. ANGLICISME AND ANTI-ANGLICISME IN THE MID EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
15. The Triumph of the ‘Moderate Enlightenment’ in the United Provinces
1. THE DEFEAT OF DUTCH RADICAL THOUGHT: THE SOCIAL CONTEXT
2. INTELLECTUAL REALIGNMENT WITHIN THE HUGUENOT DIASPORA
3. THE ORANGIST RESTORATION (1747–1751)
Part IV: Intellectual Emancipation
16. The Overthrow of Humanist Criticism
1. ARS CRITICA
2. SECULARIZATION OF THE SACRED
3. MAN AND MYTH
17. The Recovery of Greek Thought
1. ‘RATIONALIZING THE GODS’: DISPUTING XENOPHANES
2. STRATO, SPINOZA, AND THE PHILOSOPHES
3. SPINOZISM: A REWORKING OF GREEK STOICISM?
18. The Rise of ‘History of Philosophy’
1. PRE-ENLIGHTENMENT ‘HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY’
2. GERMAN ECLECTICISM AND THE RISE OF A NEW DISCIPLINE
3. ‘RADICAL RENAISSANCE’
19. From ‘History of Philosophy’ to History of l’Esprit humain
1. FONTENELLE, BOULAINVILLIERS, AND ‘L’HISTOIRE DE L’ESPRIT HUMAIN’
2. DIDEROT AND THE HISTORY OF HUMAN THOUGHT
20. Italy, the Two Enlightenments, and Vico’s ‘New Science’
1. ITALY EMBRACES THE MAINSTREAM ENLIGHTENMENT
2. VICO’S ‘DIVINE PROVIDENCE’
3. A RESTORED ITALO-GREEK WISDOM?
Part V: The Party of Humanity
21. The Problem of Equality
1. ENLIGHTENMENT AND BASIC EQUALITY
2. ARISTOCRACY, RADICAL THOUGHT, AND EDUCATIONAL REFORM
22. Sex, Marriage, and the Equality of Women
1. CARTESIANISM AND FEMALE EQUALITY
2. MARRIAGE, CHASTITY, AND PROSTITUTION
3. THE EROTIC EMANCIPATION OF WOMAN, AND MAN
23. Race, Radical Thought, and the Advent of Anti-colonialism
1. ENLIGHTENMENT AGAINST EMPIRE
2. SLAVERY AND THE EARLY ENLIGHTENMENT
3. EMPIRE AND NATIONAL IDENTITY
24. Rethinking Islam: Philosophy and the ‘Other’
1. ISLAM AND TOLERATION
2. BAYLE AND IBN RUSHD (AVERROES)
3. IBN TUFAYL AND THE HIDDEN WISDOM OF THE EAST
4. THE CLANDESTINE ‘ENLIGHTENMENT’ OF THE ZINDIKITES
25. Spinoza, Confucius, and Classical Chinese Philosophy
1. CHINA AND SPINOZISMUS ANTE SPINOZAM
2. LEIBNIZ, WOLFF, AND CHINESE PRISCA THEOLOGIA
3. VOLTAIRE, MONTESQUIEU, AND CHINA
26. Is Religion Needed for a Well-Ordered Society?
1. SEPARATING MORALITY FROM THEOLOGY
2. ‘MODERATE’ ENLIGHTENMENT DEIST MORALITY
3. RADICAL THOUGHT AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SECULAR MORALITY
Part VI: Radical Philosophes
27. The French Enlightenment Prior to Voltaire’s Lettres philosophiques (1734)
1. THE POST-1715 REACTION TO ABSOLUTISM
2. THE MATERIALIST CHALLENGE
3. CLANDESTINITY
28. Men, Animals, Plants, and Fossils: French Hylozoic Matérialisme before Diderot
29. Realigning the Parti philosophique: Voltaire, Voltairianisme, Antivoltairianisme (1732–1745)
1. VOLTAIRE’S ENLIGHTENMENT
2. THE DEFEAT OF VOLTAIRE AND THE FRENCH ‘NEWTONIANS’
3. BREAKDOWN OF THE LOCKEAN-NEWTONIAN SYNTHESIS
30. From Voltaire to Diderot
31. The ‘Unvirtuous Atheist’
1. THE ‘AFFAIRE LA METTRIE’ (1745–1752)
2. ATHEISTIC AMORALISM
32. The Parti philosophique Embraces the Radical Enlightenment
1. RADICALIZATION OF THE DIDEROT CIRCLE
2. THE ‘QUARREL’ OF THE ESPRIT DES LOIS (1748–1752)
33. The ‘War of the Encyclopédie’: The First Stage (1746–1752)
34. Postscript
Bibliography
Index
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