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Index
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Frontispiece
Dedication
List of Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. An Overview of Toxicologic Pathology
Introduction
What is Toxicologic Pathology?
The Basis of Toxicologic Pathology
The Challenges Facing Toxicologic Pathology
Training and Certification in Toxicologic Pathology
The “Practitioner” of Toxicologic Pathology
Summary
Further Reading
Part I: Principles of Toxicologic Pathology
Chapter 2. Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Toxicity
Abstract
Introduction
General Principles of Xenobiotic Disposition
Interactions of Toxicants With Cellular and Molecular Targets
Protective Mechanisms, Repair Mechanisms, and Adaptation
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 3. Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetics
Abstract
Introduction
Pharmacokinetics: Processes and Determinants
Pharmacokinetic (Time-Course) Data and Derivation of Dose Metrics
Pharmacokinetic Models and Computation of Dose Metrics
Pharmacokinetics and Its Use in Designing Toxicity Studies
Concluding Remarks
Further Reading
Chapter 4. Principles of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicodynamics
Abstract
Introduction: Pharmacodynamics and Toxicodynamics Defined
Relevance to Toxicological Pathology
Drug/Toxin–Receptor Interactions Lead to Signal Transduction and Effect
Selectivity and Safety: Therapeutic Versus Toxic Effect of Drugs
Quantal Dose–Effect Curves
Forms of Antagonism at the Tissue or Organism Level
Dynamic Receptor Phenomena Resulting in Altered Efficacy Following Chronic Dosing
Variation in Drug/Toxin Responsiveness
Nonmonotonic Dose–Effect Curves
Principles of Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling
Further Reading
Chapter 5. Morphologic Manifestations of Toxic Cell Injury
Abstract
Introduction
Irreversible versus Reversible Cell Injury
Irreversible Cell Injury
Summary
Further Readings
Chapter 6. Carcinogenesis: Manifestation and Mechanisms
Abstract
Overview of Carcinogenesis
Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
Summary
Identifying Carcinogens
Overall Summary
Acknowledgments
Further Reading
Chapter 7. Design of Studies and Risk Management in Toxicologic Pathology: Addressing Risks in Product Discovery and Development
Abstract
Introduction
Risk Assessment: The Process
Risk Assessment: The Elements
Toxicologic Pathology Issues in Risk Assessment
Risk Perception and Acceptability
Risk Communication
Risk Management
Financial Risk and Toxicologic Pathology
Summary
Acknowledgments
Further Reading
Part II: Systems Toxicologic Pathology
Chapter 8. Liver and Gall Bladder
Abstract
Introduction
Structure, Function, and Cell Biology
Evaluation of Liver Toxicity
Response to Injury
Mechanisms of Toxicity in Liver
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 9. Cardiovascular System
Abstract
Introduction
Heart
Blood Vessels
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 10. Skeletal Muscle System
Abstract
Structure and Function
Evaluation of Skeletal Muscle Toxicity
Response to Injury
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 11. Urinary System
Abstract
Part 1: Kidney
Part 2: Lower Urinary Tract
Acknowledgments
Further Reading
Chapter 12. Immune System
Abstract
Introduction
Mechanisms and Evaluation of Toxicity
Response to Injury
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 13. Hematopoietic System
Abstract
Introduction
Phylogenesis and Ontogenesis
Structure, Function, and Cell Biology
Evaluation of Hematotoxicity
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Responses of Hematopoietic Tissues to Injury
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 14. Respiratory System
Abstract
Introduction
Structure, Function, and Cell Biology
Testing for Toxicity
Response to Injury
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Summary
Acknowledgment
Further Reading
Chapter 15. Digestive System
Abstract
Introduction
Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Toxicity
Response of the Gastrointestinal Tract to Injury
Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Toxicity
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 16. Exocrine Pancreas
Abstract
Introduction
Normal Structure and Function of the Exocrine Pancreas
Evaluation of Toxicity
Responses of Exocrine Pancreas to Injury
Mechanisms of Exocrine Pancreatic Toxicity
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 17. Male Reproductive System
Abstract
Introduction
Structure, Function, and Cell Biology
Evaluation of Toxicity
Response to Injury
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Further Reading
Chapter 18. Female Reproductive System
Abstract
Introduction
Structure, Function, and Cell Biology
Evaluation of Female Reproductive System Toxicity
Mechanisms of Toxicity in the Female Reproductive System
Carcinogenesis in the Female Reproductive System
Further Reading
Chapter 19. The Mammary Gland
Abstract
Introduction
Mammary Gland Structure and Function
Morphologic Evaluation
Evaluation of Toxicity
Response to Injury
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 20. Endocrine System
Abstract
Introduction
Part 1: Adrenal Cortex
Part 2: Adrenal Medulla
Part 3: Pituitary Gland
Part 4: Thyroid C Cells
Part 5: Thyroid Follicular Cells
Part 6: Parathyroid Gland
Part 7: Endocrine Pancreas
Summary
Acknowledgments
Further Reading
Chapter 21. Nervous System
Abstract
Introduction
Neuroanatomic Considerations in Toxicologic Neuropathology
Evaluation of Neurotoxicity
Nervous System Responses to Neurotoxic Injury
Mechanisms of Nervous System Injury
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 22. Special Senses
Chapter 22a. Special Senses—Eye
Introduction
Structure and Function
Evaluation of Toxicity
Response to Injury by Specific Ocular Tissues
Mechanisms of Ocular Toxicity
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 22b. Special Senses—Ear
Introduction
Structure and Function
Testing for Otic Toxicity
Responses to Injury and Mechanisms of Injury
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 23. Bone and Joints
Abstract
Introduction
Structure, Function, and Cell Biology of Bone and Cartilage
Evaluation of Toxicity
Responses to Injury
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 24. The Integumentary System
Abstract
Introduction
Structure and Function
Response to Injury
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 25. Embryo, Fetus, and Placenta
Abstract
Introduction
Normal Morphologic Development
Developmental Toxicity Testing and Risk Assessment
Responses to Injury
Principles of Developmental Toxicity
Mechanisms of Developmental Toxicity
Summary
Further Reading
Index
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