Users' Guides to the Medical Literature · A Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice, 3E (Users Guides to the Medical Literature) by Guyatt, Gordon -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Contributors Foreword Preface The Foundations 1 How to Use the Medical Literature— and This Book—to Improve Your Patient Care 2 What Is Evidence-Based Medicine? 3 Evidence-Based Medicine and the Theory of Knowledge 4 What Is the Question? 5 Finding Current Best Evidence 6 Why Study Results Mislead: Bias and Random Error

Therapy

11.1 An Illustration of Bias and Random Error 11.2 Surprising Results of Randomized Trials 11.3 Randomized Trials Stopped Early for Benefit 11.4 The Principle of Intention to Treat and Ambiguous Dropouts 11.5 N-of-1 Randomized Clinical Trials 11.6 Clinical Decision Support Systems 11.7 How to Use an Article About Quality Improvement 12.1 Hypothesis Testing 12.2 Understanding the Results: More About Odds Ratios 12.3 What Determines the Width of the Confidence Interval? 12.4 Composite End Points 12.5 Measuring Patients’ Experience 13.1 Applying Results to Individual Patients 13.2 Numbers Needed to Treat 13.3 Misleading Presentations of Clinical Trial Results 13.4 Surrogate Outcomes 13.5 Qualitative Research

7 Therapy (Randomized Trials) 8 How to Use a Noninferiority Trial 9 Does Treatment Lower Risk? Understanding the Results 10 Confidence Intervals: Was the Single Study or Meta-analysis Large Enough? 11 Advanced Topics in the Risk of Bias of Therapy Trials 12 Advanced Topics in the Results of Therapy Trials 13 Advanced Topics in Applying the Results of Therapy Trials

Harm (Observational Studies)

15.1 Correlation and Regression

14 Harm (Observational Studies) 15 Advanced Topics in Harm

Diagnosis

19.1 Spectrum Bias 19.2 Examples of Likelihood Ratios 19.3 Measuring Agreement Beyond Chance 19.4 Clinical Prediction Rules

16 The Process of Diagnosis 17 Differential Diagnosis 18 Diagnostic Tests 19 Advanced Topics in Diagnosis

Prognosis

20 Prognosis 21 Advanced Topics in Prognosis

Summarizing the Evidence

25.1 Fixed-Effects and Random-Effects Models 25.2 How to Use a Subgroup Analysis

22 The Process of a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 23 Understanding and Applying the Results of a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 24 Network Meta-analysis 25 Advanced Topics in Systematic Reviews

Moving From Evidence to Action

28.1 Assessing the Strength of Recommendations: The GRADE Approach 28.2 Economic Analysis 28.3 Recommendations About Screening 28.4 Understanding Class Effects 28.5 Evidence-Based Practitioners and Evidence-Based Care

Glossary Index