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Index
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
Hands-On Linux Administration on Azure
Packt Upsell
Why subscribe?
PacktPub.com
Contributors
About the author
About the reviewers
Packt is searching for authors like you
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Download the example code files
Download the color images
Conventions used
Get in touch
Reviews
Exploring the Azure Cloud
Fundamentals of cloud computing
Virtualization
Software-Defined Datacenter
SOA
Cloud services
Cloud types
Understanding the Azure Cloud
A small history of the Azure Cloud
Azure architecture
Azure in your organization
Azure and open source
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Getting Started with the Azure Cloud
Technical requirements
Getting access to Azure
Logging in using the Azure portal
Getting command-line access to Azure
Installing the Azure command-line interface
Logging in with the Azure CLI
PowerShell
Logging in with PowerShell
Azure Resource Manager
Linux and Azure
Linux distributions
Microsoft-endorsed Linux distributions
Deploying a Linux virtual machine
Your first virtual machine
Images
Image sizing
Virtual machine networking
Virtual machine information
Connecting to Linux
Logging in to your Linux VM using password authentication
Logging in to your Linux VM with an SSH private key
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Basic Linux Administration
The Linux shell
Executing commands
Command-line editing
Working with history
Auto-completion
Globbing
Redirections
Working with variables
Bash configuration files
Getting help
Using the man-pages
Using info documents
Other documentation
Working with text files
Reading text
Searching in text files
Editing text files
Finding your way in the filesystem
File hierarchy system
Mounting filesystems
Finding files on the filesystem
Process management
View processes
Sending signals to a process
Discretionary Access Control
User management
Group management
Login management
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Managing Azure
Technical requirements
Storage services
Storage accounts
Managed disks
Azure Files
Blob storage
Networking
Virtual network
Subnets
Network Security Group
Public IP address and network interface
Components for your virtual machine
Azure profile
Resource group
Storage account
Virtual network
NSG
Public IP address and network interface
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Advanced Linux Administration
Technical requirements
Software management
The RPM software manager
The DPKG software manager
Software management with YUM
Software management with Zypp
Software management with apt
Networking
Identifying the network interfaces
Identifying the IP address
Showing the route table
Network configuration
Changes in the network configuration
Hostname
DNS
Storage
Storage provided by block devices
Adding a data disk
Partitioning
Filesystems in Linux
Ext4 filesystem
XFS filesystem
ZFS filesystem
BTRFS filesystem
Swap filesystem
Linux software RAID
Systemd
Working with units
Services
Targets
Scheduled tasks
Mounting local filesystems
Mounting remote filesystems
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Managing Linux Security and Identities
Linux security tips
Technical requirements
Linux firewall
Firewalld zones
Firewalld services
Firewalld network sources
Linux Security Modules
SELinux
SELinux configuration
SELinux context on ports
SELinux context on files
SELinux Boolean
AppArmor
AppArmor status
Generating AppArmor profiles
Systemd security
Restricting access to the filesystem
Restricting network access
Azure Active Directory Domain Service
Setting up AADS
Linux configuration
NTP configuration
Hostname
DNS servers
Installing dependencies
Joining the domain – Ubuntu and RHEL/CentOS
Joining the domain – SUSE
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Deploying Your Virtual Machines
Deployment scenarios
What do you need?
Automated deployment options
Scripting
Azure Resource Manager
Initial configuration
Initial configuration with the Custom Script Extension
Initial configuration with cloud-init
Vagrant and Packer
Installing and configuring Vagrant
Deploying a virtual machine with Vagrant
Vagrant provisioners
Packer (part 1)
Installing and configuring Packer
Custom images and VHDs
Creating a managed image
Alternative method using snapshots
Packer (part 2)
Custom VHDs
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Exploring Continuous Configuration Automation
Technical requirements
Ansible
Installation of Ansible
SSH configuration
Bare-minimum configuration
Inventory file
Ansible playbooks and modules
Conditionals – when statement
Loops
Handlers
Working with variables
Working with templates
Authenticating to Microsoft Azure
Resource group
Virtual machine
Azure inventory management in Ansible
SaltStack
Some Salt terminology
SaltStack installation
Authorization
Execution modules
Salt states
Top file
Salt grains
State conditions
Working with variables and templates
Integration with Azure
PowerShell desired state configuration
Azure automation DSC
Automation account
Installing PowerShell DSC on Linux
Creating a desired state
PowerShell DSC Resources
Applying the resources in Azure
Other solutions
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Container Virtualization in Azure
History of containers
Chroot environment
OpenVZ
LXC
Systemd-nspawn
Creating a container with debootstrap
Creating a container with yum
systemd-firstboot
Deploying the first container
Enabling a container at boot time
Rkt
Getting started with Rkt
Creating Rkt images with acbuild
Creating Rkt images with Buildah
Docker
Docker installation
Building Docker images
Docker Machine
Docker Compose
Azure container instances
Docker registry
Azure container registry
Containers and storage
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Working with Azure Kubernetes Service
Technical requirements
Installing dependencies
Minikube
Starting to use AKS
Creating a cluster with the Azure CLI
Creating a cluster with PowerShell
First deployment in AKS
Creating services
Multicontainer pods
Working with Helm
Installing Helm
Helm repository management
Installing applications with Helm
Creating Helm charts
Working with Draft
Installing Draft
Using Draft
Managing Kubernetes
Updating applications
Scaling applications
Upgrading Kubernetes
Persistent storage
Azure Disk for Kubernetes
Azure File for Kubernetes
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Troubleshooting and Monitoring Your Workloads
Technical requirements
Accessing your system
No remote access
Knocking on the port
Boot diagnostics
Logging in Linux
Working with journalctl
Filters
Filtering based on fields
Database persistence
Syslog protocol
Adding log entries
Integrating journald with RSYSLOG
Other log files
Microsoft Log Analytics
Configuring the Log Analytics service
Installing the OMS agent
Getting the data
Log Analytics and Kubernetes
Log Analytics for your network
Performance monitoring
Displaying Linux processes with top
Top alternatives
Sysstat – a collection of performance-monitoring tools
dstat
Network stats with iproute2
Network monitoring with IPTraf-NG
tcpdump
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Assessments
Chapter 1: Exploring the Azure Cloud
Chapter 2: Getting Started with the Azure Cloud
Chapter 3: Basic Linux Administration
Chapter 4: Managing Azure
Chapter 5: Advanced Linux Administration
Chapter 6: Managing Linux Security and Identities
Chapter 7: Deploying Your Virtual Machines
Chapter 8: Exploring Continuous Configuration Automation
Chapter 9: Container Virtualization in Azure
Chapter 10: Working with the Azure Kubernetes Service
Chapter 11: Troubleshooting and Monitoring Your Workloads
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