Introduction to Phenomenology by Moran, Dermot -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgements List of abbreviations Introduction

Phenomenology and twentieth-century European philosophy What is phenomenology? The origins of the term ‘phenomenology’ Phenomenology in Brentano The presuppositionless starting point The suspension of the natural attitude The life-world and being in the world Phenomenology as the achievement of knowing The structure of intentionality Philosophy and history Phenomenology in France Conclusion

1 Franz Brentano: descriptive psychology and intentionality

Introduction: exact philosophy The Brentano school Brentano: life and writings (1838–1917) Brentano’s philosophical outlook: empiricism Brentano’s theory of wholes and parts Brentano’s reform of logic Descriptive psychology Inner perception Inner perception as additional awareness The tripartite structure of mental life Presentations and modifications of presentations The intentional relation Distinction between physical and psychical phenomena Twardowski’s modification of Brentanian descriptive psychology Brentano and Husserl

2 Edmund Husserl: founder of phenomenology

Introduction: an overview of Husserl and his philosophy Husserl’s central problem: the mystery of subjectivity Husserl as perpetual beginner The stages of Husserl’s development Husserl: life and writings (1859–1938) A leader without followers

3 Husserl’s Logical Investigations (1900–1901)

Introduction The composition of the Logical Investigations The ideal of science as a system of evident cognitions The Prolegomena (1900) Psychologism The six Investigations and the ‘breakthrough’ to pure phenomenology A brief survey of the six Investigations The First Logical Investigation The Fifth Logical Investigation The Sixth Logical Investigation Realism and idealism in the Logical Investigations

4 Husserl’s discovery of the reduction and transcendental phenomenology

Introduction Phenomenology as a presuppositionless science Husserl’s principle of principles The absolute self-givenness of our mental acts Phenomenology an eidetic not a factual science Eidetic seeing (Wesenerschauung) Husserl’s transcendental turn David Hume as a transcendental philosopher The critique of naturalism The epoché and the reductions The epoché and scepticism Breaking with actuality Imaginative free variation The noetic–noematic structure of experience Problems with the reduction The horizon

5 Husserl and the crisis of the European sciences

Introduction The notion of constitution Static and genetic constitution The transcendental ego Intersubjectivity and the experience of the other (Fremderfahrung) The Crisis of European Sciences: the investigation of the life-world The life-world The origin of geometry Husserl’s achievement

6 Martin Heidegger’s transformation of phenomenology

The enigma of Heidegger The question of being Heidegger: life and writings (1889–1976) The political implications of Heidegger’s philosophy

7 Heidegger’s Being and Time

Introduction: the road to Being and Time The review of Karl Jaspers’ Psychology of World Views (c. 1921) Heidegger’s Aristotle interpretation (1922) Heidegger’s critical appropriation of Husserl Readiness to hand (Zuhandenheit) and presence at hand (Vorhandenheit) Expression (Aussage) Heidegger’s fusion of phenomenology with hermeneutics The hermeneutical structure of the question The hermeneutical circle The nature of Dasein Authenticity and inauthenticity Anxiety and being-towards-death Mood and state of mind (Befindlichkeit) Mitsein Transcendental homelessness Heidegger’s influence

8 Hans-Georg Gadamer: philosophical hermeneutics

Introduction: an overview of Gadamer’s philosophy The classical legacy The tradition of understanding Philosophy as dialogue Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900–): life and writings Gadamer on the Greeks and the Germans The importance of language The tradition of hermeneutics Hermeneutics in Dilthey and Heidegger Truth and Method (1960) Language and world Gadamer’s influence

9 Hannah Arendt: the phenomenology of the public sphere

Introduction: Hannah Arendt as philosopher Arendt: life and writings (1906–1975) The Human Condition Arendt’s contribution

10 Emmanuel Levinas: the phenomenology of alterity

Introduction: ethics as first philosophy Emmanuel Levinas: life and writings (1906–1995) Levinas and phenomenology The role of philosophy The religious dimension of Levinas’s thought Early writings A defence of subjectivity The face to face Levinas s influence

11 Jean-Paul Sartre: passionate description

Introduction: the engagé intellectual Sartre’s philosophical outlook Jean-Paul Sartre: life and writings (1905–1980) Post-war politics The Transcendence of the Ego (1936) L’Imaginaire (1940): the phenomenology of imagining Being and Nothingness (1943): phenomenological ontology Sartre’s influence

12 Maurice Merleau-Ponty: the phenomenology of perception

Introduction: a philosophy of embodiment Maurice Merleau-Ponty: life and writings (1908–1961) A phenomenology of origins Merleau-Ponty’s intellectual background The critique of reductionism in The Structure of Behaviour (1942) Phenomenology of Perception (1945) The role of sensation in perception One’s own body (Le corps propre) The body as expression Merleau-Ponty’s later philosophy The metaphysics of contingency Merleau-Ponty’s influence on contemporary philosophy

13 Jacques Derrida: from phenomenology to deconstruction

Introduction – neither philosophy nor literature Jacques Derrida: life and writings (1930–) Deconstruction and morality Derrida and the end of philosophy The critique of Husserl’s The Origin of Geometry Logocentrism Deconstruction: ‘more than one language’ The world as text: “there is no outside-text” Derrida’s engagement with Husserlian phenomenology Derrida’s debt to Heidegger The influence of structuralism: de Saussure and Lévi-Strauss The nature of ‘différance’ Sketch of a history of différance Différance and the trace Derrida and religion Derrida’s contribution to twentieth-century philosophy

Notes Bibliography Index