Genes and DNA by Omoto, Charlotte K. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Half title Title Copyright Dedication Contents Acknowledgments List of Contributors Preface: Why Is Genetics Important? Chapter 1. What Are Genes?

DNA DNA Can Be Specifically Stained and Observed in Cells DNA Determines Genetic Properties in Bacteria DNA Is a Double Helix Transfer of Genetic Information to Progeny DNA Can Be Replicated in the Test Tube Summary Try This at Home: Extract DNA from Vegetables in Your Kitchen Box 1.1. PCR and Identification

Chapter 2. Inheritance of Single-Gene Traits

Plants Are Good Organisms for the Study of Inheritance Genes Do Not Blend Rules of Inheritance Behavior of Chromosomes The Punnett Square Incomplete Dominance Sex Is Also Determined by Inheritance Rules Summary

Chapter 3. Mendelian Traits in Humans

Blood Types Sex-Linked Traits: Hemophilia Sex-Linked Traits: Color Blindness Prostate and Breast Cancer Genetic Metabolic Diseases Sickle-cell Anemia Hemochromatosis Another Sex-Influenced Trait: Male Pattern Baldness Dominant Genetic Diseases Pedigree Analysis Summary Try This at Home: Pedigree Game Box 3.1. Warning on Diet Products

Chapter 4. From Genes to Phenotype

Transcription Translation Changes in DNA Modify the Amino Acid Sequences of Proteins Gene Regulation Summary Try This at Home: DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation Game Box 4.1 Why People Are Saving Their Babies' Cord Blood

Chapter 5. Using Bacteria as Protein Factories

Tools for Manufacturing Proteins Using Restriction Enzymes and Plasmids to Clone a Gene Producing Human Proteins in E. Coli Medically Important Human Proteins Made in E. Coli Summary

Chapter 6. Genetically Modified Plants

What Are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)? Agrobacterium-Mediated Gene Transfer Biolistics Genetic Modifications Genetically Modified Nonfood Plants Ecological Issues Labeling Issues and Food Safety Summary Box 6.1: Detecting Foreign Genes in Genetically Modified Plants

Chapter 7. When Things Go Wrong

Errors in Chromosome Number Multiple Sets of Chromosomes Looking at Our Chromosomes Changes in the DNA Base Sequence Triplet Repeat Errors Summary

Chapter 8. Mutagens, Teratogens, and Human Reproduction

Spontaneous Mutations Mutagens How Do We Detect Mutagens? Teratogens Human Reproduction Summary Box 8.1: Why There Were Few Thalidomide-Caused Birth Defects in the United States

Chapter 9. Linkage and Mapping: Gene Discovery

There Are Many Genes on Each Chromosome Independent Assortment of Genes Linkage Recombination Linkage to a DNA Marker The Human Genome Project and Others Discovering Disease Genes in Humans Summary Try This at Home: Independent Assortment of Chromosomes and the Making of a Unique Individual Try This at Home: Explore Genetics Databases Box 9.1: Identifying Disease Genes Using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Box 9.2: Identifying a Disease-Resistance Gene in Barley Through Map-Based Cloning

Chapter 10. Genetics of Populations and Genetic Testing

Why Don't We Observe to Ratios of Dominant Versus Recessive Traits in Populations? Predicting the Genotype of the Next Generation Using the Punnett Square Conditions for Observing Constant Gene and Genotype Frequencies Another Application of the Hardy-Weinberg Law Predicting Gene Frequency for a Recessive Trait Gene Frequencies Vary in Different Populations Newborn Testing and Conditional Probability Predicting Genotype Frequency for Sex-Linked Traits Summary

Chapter 11. Survival of the Fittest?

What Is Meant by Fitness? Selection Requires Variation. Selection Can Result in Reduced Genetic Diversity Natural Selection Determined Skin Color in Humans Fitness Depends Upon the Environment Selection and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Heterozygous Advantage Why Do Dominant Genetic Diseases Exist? Small Populations Summary Box 11.1: DNA Sequences Provide Clues to Human Evolution: The Founder Effect in Prehistoric Africa Try This at Home: Demonstrations of the Effects of Small Population Size

Chapter 12. Nature Versus Nurture

Polygenic Traits Are Additive Polygenic Traits Exhibit Continuous Variation in Phenotype Polygenic Traits Are Influenced by the Environment Measuring Variance in Traits and Estimating Heritability Twin Studies Are Helpful in Studying Polygenic Traits in Humans Quantitative Traits in Medicine and Agriculture Summary

Chapter 13. Genetically Modified Animals and the Applications of Gene Technology for Humans

Cloning Animals by the Nuclear-Transfer Technique Genetically Modifying Animals Using Embryonic Stem Cells Uses of Genetically Modified Animals Human Gene Therapy Human Reproductive Cloning Human Therapeutic Cloning Summary

Appendix A. Internet Resources Appendix B. Glossary of Scientific Names of Organisms Appendix C. Glossary of Human Genetic Diseases Appendix D. Glossary of Terms Index

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