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Index

INTRODUCTION ANCIENT POLITICAL THOUGHT 800 BCE–30 CE

If your desire is for good, the people will be good • Confucius The art of war is of vital importance to the state • Sun Tzu Plans for the country are only to be shared with the learned • Mozi Until philosophers are kings, cities will never have rest from their evils • Plato Man is by nature a political animal • Aristotle A single wheel does not move • Chanakya If evil ministers enjoy safety and profit, this is the beginning of downfall • Han Fei Tzu The government is bandied about like a ball • Cicero

MEDIEVAL POLITICS 30 CE–1515 CE

If justice be taken away, what are governments but great bands of robbers? • Augustine of Hippo Fighting has been enjoined upon you while it is hateful to you • Muhammad The people refuse the rule of virtuous men • Al-Farabi No free man shall be imprisoned, except by the law of the land • Barons of King John For war to be just, there is required a just cause • Thomas Aquinas To live politically means living in accordance with good laws • Giles of Rome The Church should devote itself to imitating Christ and give up its secular power • Marsilius of Padua Government prevents injustice, other than such as it commits itself • Ibn Khaldun A prudent ruler cannot, and must not, honour his word • Niccolò Machiavelli

RATIONALITY AND ENLIGHTENMENT 1515–1770

In the beginning, everything was common to all • Francisco de Vitoria Sovereignty is the absolute and perpetual power of a commonwealth • Jean Bodin The natural law is the foundation of human law • Francisco Suárez Politics is the art of associating men • Johannes Althusius Liberty is the power that we have over ourselves • Hugo Grotius The condition of man is a condition of war • Thomas Hobbes The end of law is to preserve and enlarge freedom • John Locke When legislative and executive powers are united in the same body, there can be no liberty • Montesquieu Independent entrepreneurs make good citizens • Benjamin Franklin

REVOLUTIONARY THOUGHTS 1770–1848

To renounce liberty is to renounce being a man • Jean-Jacques Rousseau No generally valid principle of legislation can be based on happiness • Immanuel Kant The passions of individuals should be subjected • Edmund Burke Rights dependent on property are the most precarious • Thomas Paine All men are created equal • Thomas Jefferson Each nationality contains its centre of happiness within itself • Johann Gottfried Herder Government has but a choice of evils • Jeremy Bentham The people have a right to keep and bear arms • James Madison The most respectable women are the most oppressed • Mary Wollstonecraft The slave feels self-existence to be something external • Georg Hegel War is the continuation of Politik by other means • Carl von Clausewitz Abolition and the Union cannot co-exist • John C. Calhoun A state too extensive in itself ultimately falls into decay • Simón Bolívar An educated and wise government recognizes the developmental needs of its society • José María Luis Mora The tendency to attack “the family” is a symptom of social chaos • Auguste Comte

THE RISE OF THE MASSES 1848–1910

Socialism is a new system of serfdom • Alexis de Tocqueville Say not I, but we • Giuseppe Mazzini That so few dare to be eccentric marks the chief danger of the time • John Stuart Mill No man is good enough to govern another man, without that other’s consent • Abraham Lincoln Property is theft • Pierre-Joseph Proudhon The privileged man is a man depraved in intellect and heart • Mikhail Bakunin That government is best which governs not at all • Henry David Thoreau Communism is the riddle of history solved • Karl Marx The men who proclaimed the republic became the assassins of freedom • Alexander Herzen We must look for a central axis for our nation • Ito Hirobumi The will to power • Friedrich Nietzsche It is the myth that is alone important • Georges Sorel We have to take working men as they are • Eduard Bernstein The disdain of our formidable neighbour is the greatest danger for Latin America • José Martí It is necessary to dare in order to succeed • Peter Kropotkin Either women are to be killed, or women are to have the vote • Emmeline Pankhurst It is ridiculous to deny the existence of a Jewish nation • Theodor Herzl Nothing will avail to save a nation whose workers have decayed • Beatrice Webb Protective legislation in America is shamefully inadequate • Jane Addams Land to the tillers! • Sun Yat-Sen The individual is a single cog in an ever-moving mechanism • Max Weber

THE CLASH OF IDEOLOGIES 1910–1945

Non-violence is the first article of my faith • Mahatma Gandhi Politics begin where the masses are • Vladimir Lenin The mass strike results from social conditions with historical inevitability • Rosa Luxemburg An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile hoping it will eat him last • Winston Churchill The Fascist conception of the state is all-embracing • Giovanni Gentile The wealthy farmers must be deprived of the sources of their existence • Joseph Stalin If the end justifies the means, what justifies the end? • Leon Trotsky We will unite Mexicans by giving guarantees to the peasant and the businessman • Emiliano Zapata War is a racket • Smedley D. Butler Sovereignty is not given, it is taken • Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Europe has been left without a moral code • José Ortega y Gasset We are 400 million people asking for liberty • Marcus Garvey India cannot really be free unless separated from the British empire • Manabendra Nath Roy Sovereign is he who decides on the exception • Carl Schmitt Communism is as bad as imperialism • Jomo Kenyatta The state must be conceived of as an “educator” • Antonio Gramsci Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun • Mao Zedong

POST-WAR POLITICS 1945–PRESENT

The chief evil is unlimited government • Friedrich Hayek Parliamentary government and rationalist politics do not belong to the same system • Michael Oakeshott The objective of the Islamic jihad is to eliminate the rule of an un-Islamic system • Abul Ala Maududi There is nothing to take a man’s freedom away from him, save other men • Ayn Rand Every known and established fact can be denied • Hannah Arendt What is a woman? • Simone de Beauvoir No natural object is solely a resource • Arne Naess We are not anti-white, we are against white supremacy • Nelson Mandela Only the weak-minded believe that politics is a place of collaboration • Gianfranco Miglio During the initial stage of the struggle, the oppressed tend to become oppressors • Paulo Freire Justice is the first virtue of social institutions • John Rawls Colonialism is violence in its natural state • Frantz Fanon The ballot or the bullet • Malcolm X We need to “cut off the king’s head” • Michel Foucault Liberators do not exist. The people liberate themselves • Che Guevara Everybody has to make sure that the rich folk are happy • Noam Chomsky Nothing in the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance • Martin Luther King Perestroika unites socialism with democracy • Mikhail Gorbachev The intellectuals erroneously fought Islam • Ali Shariati The hellishness of war drives us to break with every restraint • Michael Walzer No state more extensive than the minimal state can be justified • Robert Nozick No Islamic law says violate women’s rights • Shirin Ebadi Suicide terrorism is mainly a response to foreign occupation • Robert Pape

DIRECTORY GLOSSARY CONTRIBUTORS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS COPYRIGHT

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