Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis by Kaiser, Hans E. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Introduction Acknowledgments Contributors 1 The Influence of Human Behavior on Neoplastic Progression

INTRODUCTION EMOTIONAL ASPECTS STRESS LIFELONG HABITS ETHNIC ASPECTS RELIGIOUS ASPECTS IMMEDIATE SURROUNDINGS (ENVIRONMENT) NUTRITION DRINKS: ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION-PROMOTERS IN SOFT DRINKS TOBACCO AND LUXURY ARTICLES AND HABITS SEXUAL ACTIVITY, MARRIAGE, RITUALS, HYGIENE, CIRCUMCISION, AIDS, IMMUNOLOGIC DEFENSE, HERPES VIRUS MEDICAL TREATMENT: CARCINOGENS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST OTHER DISEASES, IMMUNOLOGY AND TRANSPLANTATION, RADIATION AND CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED NEOPLASMS EXPOSURE OF HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL TO ANTICANCER DRUGS RECREATION: SUNBATHING, SPORT, DIVING, AND OTHER BEHAVIOR OCCUPATIONAL ACTIVITIES: HISTORIC BACKGROUND, MINING, INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES, AND OTHERS TRAFFIC POLLUTION CHAIN REACTION WITH OTHER SPECIES WAR SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES

2 The Influence of Stressors on the Progression of Neoplastic Change

Central nervous system influences on immune system Stress-provoked neurochemical change Stressor-provoked immunological changes Stress and neoplasia Summary REFERENCES

3 The Seven Types of Causes of Neoplastic Growth — An Organismic View

Chemical carcinogens (1, 10, 21) Physical carcinogens (16, 18) Radioactive carcinogens (19) Viruses (3, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 22) Genes (2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 20) Bacteria (6) Parasites (5) Summary and conclusions REFERENCES

4 Chemoprevention Research*

INTRODUCTION EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES HUMAN INTERVENTION STUDIES CURRENT LEVEL OF EFFORT IN THE VARIOUS EVALUATIVE SYSTEMS REFERENCES

5 Premalignant and Non-Invasive Lesions of the Urinary Bladder

Non-papillary carcinoma in situ Cytology Flow cytometry — what is it? Ultrastructural features Scanning electron microscopy Chromosomes Blood group iso-antigens Carcinoembryonic antigen Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) Lectins and histochemical studies Fluorescent labelling drugs Benign lesions of the bladder Summary and conclusions Acknowledgements REFERENCES

6 Species-Specific Aspects of the Carcinogenicity of Chloroform

INTRODUCTION CARCINOGENICITY STUDIES METABOLIC STUDIES SUMMARY REFERENCES

7 Carcinogenic Effects of Ionizing Radiation*

INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS LEVELS OF RADIATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS ON SPECIFIC TISSUES MECHANISMS AND DOSE-INCIDENCE RELATIONS MODIFYING EFFECTS OF OTHER PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL AGENTS ASSESSMENT OF THE CARCINOGENIC RISKS OF LOW-LEVEL RADIATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES

8 Selected Aspects of Viral Carcinogenesis

INTRODUCTION ONCOGENIC DNA VIRUSES REFERENCES

9 The Quantum Theory of Carcinogenesis — A Short Review

REFERENCES

10 Cellular Oncogene Activation by Chromosomal Translocation

INTRODUCTION MECHANISMS FOR ACTIVATION OF C-ONCS GENETIC TRANSPOSITION AS A CAUSE OF HUMAN CANCER HUMAN C-ONCS ACTIVATED BY CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION C-MYC TRANSLOCATIONS C-ABL TRANSLOCATIONS C-ONCS ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER TRANSLOCATIONS SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVES REFERENCES

11 Amplification of the Oncogene N-Myc as a Correlate to Advanced Stage in Human Neuroblastomas

INTRODUCTION ONCOGENIC ACTIVATION OF CELLULAR GENES AMPLIFICATION OF CELLULAR ONCOGENES AMPLIFICATION OF THE GENE N-MFC IN HUMAN NEUROBLASTOMA N-MYC MAY REGULATE CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION ONCOGENIC ACTIVITY OF N-MYC N-MYC IN RETINOBLASTOMA AND SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER HOW MIGHT AMPLIFICATION OF N-MYC CONTRIBUTE TO PROGRESSION OF NEUROBLASTOMA? SYNTHESIS REFERENCES

12 POTENTIAL ROLES OF ACTIVATED PROTO-ONCOGENES IN MALIGNANT PROGRESSION

INTRODUCTION THE ras AND myc ONCOGENE FAMILIES COOPERATION OF ONCOGENES IN TRANSFORMATION “PROGRESSION” IN TISSUE CULTURE THE v-abl ONCOGENE AND PROGRESSION EXPRESSION OF ALTERED c-abl IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF “NORMAL” c-ras GENES AND TUMOR PROGRESSION AMPLIFICATION OF PROTO-ONCOGENES IN HUMAN MALIGNANCIES N-myc AMPLIFICATION IN LATE STAGES OF HUMAN NEUROBLASTOMA AMPLIFICATION OF c-myc IN SMALL CELL LUNG CARCINOMA AMPLIFICATION OF GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTORS AND TUMOR PROGRESSION TRANSFECTED ras PROTO-ONCOGENES AND METASTASIS INVOLVEMENT OF PROTO-ONCOGENES IN BURKITT’S LYMPHOMA CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES

13 Oncogenes and Their Encoded Products as Targets for Cancer Therapy

INTRODUCTION MECHANISMS FOR ONCOGENE ACTIVATION ONCOGENES AND TUMORIGENESIS INHIBITION OF ONCOGENES AND THEIR ENCODED PRODUCTS TARGETING ONCOGENES AND THEIR ENCODED PRODUCTS FOR CANCER THERAPY TRANSLATING LABORATORY FINDINGS TO CLINICAL MEDICINE REFERENCES

14 Methods to Study Ras Oncogene-Mediated Induction of the Metastatic Phenotype

METHODOLOGY RAS ONCOGENE-MEDIATED INDUCTION OF THE METASTATIC PHENOTYPE IN NIH/3T3 CELLS DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES

15 Oncogene Products as Potential therapeutic Targets for Control of Established Metastatic Disease

INTRODUCTION ONCOGENE PRODUCTS AND METASTASIS ONCOGENES AND THEIR PRODUCTS IN HUMAN CANCER METASTASIS POTENTIAL ROLE FOR ONCOGENES AND THEIR PRODUCTS IN METASTASIS ONC GENES AND PRODUCTS IN TUMOR METASTASIS: DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS CONCLUDING COMMENTS REFERENCES

16 Neoplastic Cell Stages and Progression in Experimental Hepatocarcinogenesis

INTRODUCTION KINETICS OF TUMOR FORMATION: THE MULTI HIT-MULTI STAGE HYPOTHESIS OF NEOPLASTIC EVOLUTION NEOPLASTIC STAGES IN EXPERIMENTAL LIVER CARCINOGENESIS NEOPLASTIC PROGRESSION FACTORS INVOLVED IN NEOPLASTIC PROGRESSION REFERENCES

17 Characterization of Eleven Important Transplantable Murine Tumors from the Standpoint of Morphology, Pyrimidine Biosynthesis and Responsiveness to Pyrimidine Antimetabolites

INTRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ELEVEN WIDELY USED TRANSPLANTABLE TUMORS CHARACTERISTICS OF PYRIMIDINE BIOSYNTHETIC ENZYMES IN THESE ELEVEN TRANSPLANTABLE TUMORS CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC ACTIVITIES OF INHIBITORS OF THE DE NOVO PYRIMIDINE BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY PROSPECTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES

18 Use of Organ Explant and Cell Culture in Cancer Research

REFERENCES

19 Season of Operation and Differential Long-Term Progression: Clinical, Statistical, and Psychological Issues

INTRODUCTION DATA AND METHOD RESULTS AND DISCUSSION NOTE ON A POTENTIAL “FORMULA” DESIGNED TO OPTIMIZE TIME OF OPERATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES

20 Endogenous Factors Affecting the Progression of Carcinogen-Induced Rat Mammary Carcinomas

INTRODUCTION ENDOCRINE SYSTEM NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM IMMUNE SYSTEM STRESS DIET CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES (cAMP, cGMP) PROSTAGLANDINS (PG’s) REFERENCES

21 Age Factors in the Presence of Selected Neoplasms

INTRODUCTION AGING, A VARYING PHENOMENON OF VARIOUS SPECIES BIOLOGICAL TIME CHRONOBIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS SPECIES-SPECIFIC PERCENTAGEWISE DETERMINATION OF THE LIFE SPAN LIFE SPAN OF VERTEBRATE SPECIES, AN EVALUATION AND EXPERIMENT NEOPLASTIC DEVELOPMENT: AGE-SPECIFIC APPEARANCE OF NEOPLASMS PROGNOSIS, THERAPY AND SURVIVAL NEOPLASMS NOT STRICTLY A DISEASE GROUP OF THE ELDERLY SLOW TISSUE RENEWAL IN THE ELDERLY — SLOWER TUMOR GROWTH IN THE ELDERLY UNTREATED NEOPLASMS IN THE ELDERLY: EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS SUMMARY REFERENCES

22 Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields as Possible Promoters of Carcinogenesis

REFERENCES

23 Medical Geography and Neoplasms

INTRODUCTION LEUKEMIA AND ELECTRICAL WIRING CONFIGURATIONS AT PLACE OF RESIDENCE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES

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