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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
PREFACE
SUMMARY
NOMENCLATURE
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
1.2 Eurocode
CHAPTER 2 REQUIREMENTS AND INITIAL DETAILS OF REINFORCED EMBANKMENTS
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Deformations, settlements and differential settlements
2.3 Traffic load
2.3.1 Introduction
2.3.2 Determination of uniformly distributed traffic load
2.3.3 Traffic load summary
2.4 Horizontal load
2.5 Effects of dynamic loads
2.5.1 Dynamic loads on the piles
2.5.2 Dynamic loads on geosynthetic reinforcement
2.5.3 Effect of dynamic loads on arching
2.6 Safety approach
2.7 Partial factors
2.8 Pile location tolerance
2.9 Service life / maintenance
2.10 Checking the geosynthetic reinforcement (GR)
2.10.1 Tensile strength
2.10.2 Deformation
2.11 Subsoil support of the geosynthetic reinforcement
2.12 Surface water
2.13 Applicability and limitations of this design guideline
CHAPTER 3 REQUIREMENTS AND INITIAL DETAILS FOR THE PILES AND PILE CAPS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Piles
3.3 Pile caps
CHAPTER 4 DESIGN OF THE REINFORCED EMBANKMENT
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Requirements for the basal reinforced embankment
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 Strength and stiffness of geosynthetic reinforcement
4.2.3 Service life of the geosynthetic reinforcement
4.2.4 Overlaps of the geosynthetic reinforcement
4.2.5 Embankment fill
4.3 Analytical design of the basal geosynthetic reinforcement in the embankment
4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.2 GR tensile force and GR strain due to vertical load
4.3.3 Tensile force due to horizontal load
4.3.4 Total tensile force in geosynthetic reinforcement and checking
CHAPTER 5 CALCULATION EXAMPLES FOR THE DESIGN OF REINFORCED EMBANKMENTS
5.1 Requirements and initial details
5.2 Four cases: geometry, properties, load and approach
5.3 Traffic load and arching reduction coefficient
5.4 Case 1, calculation step 1: load distribution
5.5 Case 1, calculation step 2: determine GR stiffness, calculation of GR strain and GR tensile force
5.6 Check of case 1
5.7 Case 2: unequal centre-to-centre pile spacing longitudinally and transversely
5.8 Case 3: shallow embankment (κ > 1.0)
5.9 Case 4: very shallow embankment (construction phase, partial arching)
CHAPTER 6 NUMERICAL MODELLING
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Purpose of numerical modelling
6.3 2D modelling
6.4 Numerical model
6.5 Deformation calculation, SLS
6.6 Calculation design values of bending moment and transverse shear force in the piles, ULS
CHAPTER 7 TRANSITION ZONES
7.1 The edges of the basal reinforced piled embankment (overhang)
7.2 Connection of a piled embankment to a structure
7.3 Transition of a piled embankment to a conventional embankment
CHAPTER 8 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
8.1 The construction of a piled embankment
8.2 Piles and pile caps
8.3 Reinforced embankment
8.3.1 Overlaps
8.3.2 Straight road
8.3.3 Bends
8.3.4 Vertical and horizontal openings
8.3.5 Enclosure of the reinforced embankment at the sides
CHAPTER 9 MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE
9.1 General
9.2 Cables and pipelines
9.3 Embankment widening
9.4 Service life and function retention of materials to be used
9.5 Other management aspects
9.5.1 Coverage of geosynthetic reinforcement in connection with maintenance of slopes
9.5.2 Accidents
9.5.3 Damage to geosynthetic reinforcements
9.5.4 Exceeding the deformation requirements
APPENDIX A TRAFFIC LOAD TABLES
REFERENCES
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