Alexandra Horowitz (eds.) by Domestic Dog Cognition -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Preface Contents Part IOrientation: Perceptual and Breed Effects on Behavior and Early Ethological Research 1 Canine Olfaction: Scent, Sign, and Situation

Abstract 1.1…The Sciences of Canine Olfaction 1.2…A Neurocognitive and Neuroconative Perspective on Olfaction

1.2.1 Three Main Neuroanatomical Components of Olfactory Cognition and Conation

1.2.1.1 Pyriform Cortex 1.2.1.2 Entorhinal Cortex 1.2.1.3 Orbitofrontal Cortex

1.2.2 Motor and Motivational Factors in Olfaction

1.3…Between Nose, Brain, and Mind: Cognitive Processes

1.3.1 Neurocognitive Sub-Systems

1.3.1.1 The WHAT System 1.3.1.2 The WHERE System 1.3.1.3 The HOW MUCH System

1.4…Methodology: Psychophysics, Olfactory Learning, and Cognition

1.4.1 Habituation-Dishabituation 1.4.2 Errorless Discrimination Training 1.4.3 Line-Ups: Memory Load Issues in Scent Processing 1.4.4 Remote Scenting: Attentional Load Issues in Scent Processing 1.4.5 Ethological Approaches and Future Lines of Investigation

1.5…Medical Detection and Assistance Canines: Cancer, Diabetes, and Epilepsy

1.5.1 Cancer Detection 1.5.2 Diabetes Detection 1.5.3 Seizure Alert Dogs 1.5.4 Where to Go From Here?

1.6…Human-Canine Sensory Symbiosis and Appeal for a Renewed (Situated) Science of Canine Olfaction Acknowledgements References

2 Dog Breeds and Their Behavior

Abstract 2.1…Introduction 2.2…What is a Breed? 2.3…Measuring Breed Differences in Behavior 2.4…Current Study

2.4.1 Methods

2.4.1.1 The Sample 2.4.1.2 About the C-BARQ

2.4.2 Results

2.4.2.1 Aggression 2.4.2.2 Anxiety and Fear 2.4.2.3 Attachment and Attention-Seeking 2.4.2.4 Predatory Chasing 2.4.2.5 Excitability 2.4.2.6 Energy 2.4.2.7 Trainability 2.4.2.8 Miscellaneous Problems: Persistent Barking, House Soiling, Escaping/Roaming

2.5…Discussion References

3 The Significance of Ethological Studies: Playing and Peeing

Abstract 3.1…Introduction 3.2…Observing Animals: There are no Substitutes 3.3…What Is this Thing Called Play?

3.3.1 A Rearview and Prospective View of Social Play 3.3.2 Fair Play 3.3.3 Future Research: Play and the Ethology of Peace

3.4…Ethological Studies of Urination Patterns

3.4.1 What can we Learn from Yellow Snow?

3.5…Back to Basics: The Ethological Approach and Watching Animals Acknowledgments References

Part IIBehavior and Cognition: Observational and Experimental Results 4 Dog Imitation and Its Possible Origins

Abstract 4.1…Introduction 4.2…Social Influences and Socially Biased Individual Learning in Dogs

4.2.1 Species-Typical and Motivational Factors 4.2.2 Perceptual Factors

4.3…Social Learning

4.3.1 Behaviour Matching (Perhaps Without Imitation) 4.3.2 Automatic Imitation 4.3.3 Voluntary Imitation 4.3.4 Do-As-I-Do Imitation

4.4…The Potential Origins of Dog Social Learning 4.5…Conclusion References

5 Social Looking in the Domestic Dog

Abstract 5.1…Introduction: Dogs’ Scientific Renaissance 5.2…What’s in a Gaze? Dogs’ Understanding of Gazing

5.2.1 Social Significance of Eye Contact 5.2.2 Do Dogs Understand that Eye-gazing Can Reveal Something of the Gazer’s State of Attention? Do They Know we can ‘See’ Them and Are They Sensitive to Others’ Visual Perspective? 5.2.3 Can Dogs Follow Eye-gazing and Read this Behaviour as a Referential Gesture? 5.2.4 Do Dogs Understand that Eye-gazing May be Used as an ‘Ostensive Cue’ to Signal a Communicative Context?

5.3…Looking at Humans: How, When, and Why Dogs Engage in Looking Behaviour

5.3.1 Looking Behaviour: Is it Part of a Referential Communicative Act? 5.3.2 Do Dogs Adjust Gazing (and Showing) in Accordance with Their Human Audience? 5.3.3 What Do Dogs Want When They Look at us? 5.3.4 Nature and Nurture in Dogs’ ‘Looking’ Behaviour

5.4…Conclusions Acknowledgements References

6 Visual Attention in Dogs and the Evolution of Non-Verbal Communication

Abstract 6.1…Introduction 6.2…Eye-Tracking Study

6.2.1 Methods 6.2.2 Results 6.2.3 Discussion of Results

6.2.3.1 Dogs’ Focus of Visual Attention During Human Gestures 6.2.3.2 Influence of Familiarity on Dogs’ Visual Behaviors 6.2.3.3 Pointing with the Hand Versus Head-Gaze Cues

6.3…General Discussion Acknowledgments References

7 Cognitive Development in Gray Wolves: Development of Object Permanence and Sensorimotor Intelligence with Respect to Domestic Dogs

Abstract 7.1…Introduction 7.2…Wolf Study

7.2.1 Method 7.2.2 Behavioral Observation of Sensorimotor Intelligence 7.2.3 Tests of Object Permanence 7.2.4 Video Analysis 7.2.5 Results

7.2.5.1 Development of Sensorimotor Intelligence 7.2.5.2 Development of Object Permanence 7.2.5.3 Comparison with Domestic Dogs

7.2.6 Discussion of Results

7.2.6.1 Development of Object Permanence 7.2.6.2 Development of Sensorimotor Intelligence

7.3…Conclusion Acknowledgments References

Part IIIThe Future of Dog Research: Critical Reassessment of Methods and Practice, and Practical Applications 8 Measuring the Behaviour of Dogs: An Ethological Approach

Abstract 8.1…Introduction 8.2…What is a Dog?

8.2.1 Dog Breeds 8.2.2 Mixed Breeds 8.2.3 Single-Subject Studies

8.3…Comparative Studies

8.3.1 Wolves and Dogs 8.3.2 Comparison of Dog Breeds 8.3.3 Dogs and Children

8.4…Notes on Experimental Methodology for Testing Family Dogs

8.4.1 Owner Effects

8.4.1.1 Testing Without the Owner 8.4.1.2 Testing in the Presence of the Owner

8.4.2 The Effects of Dog Training and its Use in Research

8.5…Describing Behaviour

8.5.1 The Human Observer and Degrees of Freedom in Movement 8.5.2 Categorisation and Labelling 8.5.3 Toward a More Objective Measure of Dog Behaviour 8.5.4 Direction of Future Research on Dog Behaviour

Acknowledgements References

9 Looking at Dogs: Moving from Anthropocentrism to Canid Umwelt

Abstract 9.1…Introduction 9.2…Anthropomorphisms

9.2.1 Testing of Anthropomorphisms

9.2.1.1 Guilt 9.2.1.2 Fairness

9.2.2 Physical Prompts to Anthropomorphisms

9.3…Anthropocentrism and Canid-Centrism

9.3.1 Assumptions About Sensory Abilities 9.3.2 Premature Labeling 9.3.3 Umwelt

9.4…Conclusion Acknowledgments References

10 A Dog’s-Eye View of Canine Cognition

Abstract 10.1…Introduction

10.1.1 What are Humans for Dogs? 10.1.2 Dogs’ ‘Human-like’ Social Cognition 10.1.3 So What do we Mean by Dogs? 10.1.4 What is different about the Behavior of Dogs Compared to their Wild Relatives?

10.1.4.1 Social Imprinting 10.1.4.2 Reproductive Behavior

10.2…Conclusions References

11 Canine Welfare Science: An Antidote to Sentiment and Myth

Abstract 11.1…Introduction 11.2…Philosophical Approaches to What Might Constitute ‘Well-being’ for Domestic Dogs 11.3…Major Issues in Dog Welfare

11.3.1 Obesity 11.3.2 Pedigree Dog Breeding

11.3.2.1 Exaggerated Physical Features 11.3.2.2 Increased Incidence of Inherited Disease 11.3.2.3 Why Do Such Effects Persist?

11.3.3 Lack of Human Company 11.3.4 Separation-Related Behaviour 11.3.5 Fear and Anxiety 11.3.6 Dog Training 11.3.7 ‘Problem’ Behaviours

11.4…Obstacles to Improving Dog Welfare

11.4.1 Misconceptions in Canid Behaviour 11.4.2 Anthropomorphism and Anthropocentrism

11.4.2.1 Anthropomorphism 11.4.2.2 Anthropocentrism

11.4.3 Challenges in Measuring Dog Welfare

11.4.3.1 Abnormal Repetitive Behaviours 11.4.3.2 Play Behaviour 11.4.3.3 New Technologies in Dog Welfare Assessment 11.4.3.4 Preference Testing

11.4.4 Welfare and Cognition

11.5…Conclusions Acknowledgments References

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