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Index
Preface
CHAPTER 1
Elementary Programming Concepts
1.1 Programs, Languages and Compilers
1.2 How a Computer Solves a Problem
1.2.1 Define the Problem
1.2.2 Analyze the Problem
1.2.3 Develop an Algorithm to Solve the Problem
1.2.3.1 Data and Variables
1.2.3.2 Example – Develop the Algorithm
1.2.4 Write the Program for the Algorithm
1.2.5 Test and Debug the Program
1.2.6 Document the Program
1.2.7 Maintain the Program
1.3 How a Computer Executes a Program
1.4 Data Types
1.5 Characters
1.6 Welcome to C Programming
1.6.1 Run the Program
1.6.2 A Word on Program Layout
1.7 Write Output with printf
1.7.1 The Newline Character, \n (backslash n)
1.7.2 Escape Sequences
1.7.3 Print the Value of a Variable
1.8 Comments
1.9 Programming with Variables
Exercises 1
CHAPTER 2
C – The Basics
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The C Alphabet
2.3 C Tokens
2.3.1 Spacing Within a Program
2.3.2 Reserved Words
2.3.3 Identifiers
2.3.4 Some Naming Conventions
2.4 Basic Data Types
2.5 Integer Numbers - int
2.5.1 Declaring Variables
2.5.2 Integer Expressions
2.5.3 Precedence of Operators
2.5.4 Print an Integer Using a "Field Width"
2.6 Floating-point Numbers – float and double
2.6.1 Print double and float Variables
2.6.2 Assignment Between double and float
2.6.3 Floating-point Expressions
2.6.4 Expressions with Integer and Floating-point Values
2.6.5 Assigning double/float to int
2.7 Strings
2.8 The Assignment Statement
2.9 printf
Exercises 2
CHAPTER 3
Programs with Sequence Logic
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Read Data Supplied by a User
3.3 scanf
3.3.1 Read Data Into a float Variable
3.3.2 Read Data Into a double Variable
3.4 Read Strings
3.5 Examples
3.5.1 Problem 1 - Average
3.5.2 Problem 2 - Square
3.5.3 Problem 3 - Banking
3.5.4 Problem 4 – Tickets
Exercises 3
CHAPTER 4
Programs with Selection Logic
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Boolean Expressions
4.2.1 AND,
4.2.2 OR, ||
4.2.3 NOT, !
The data type bool in C99
4.3 The if Construct
4.3.1 Find the Sum of Two Lengths
4.4 The if...else Construct
4.4.1 Calculate Pay
4.5 On Program Testing
4.6 Symbolic Constants
4.6.1 The #define Directive
4.6.2 Example – Symbolic Constants
4.7 More Examples
4.7.1 Print a Letter Grade
4.7.2 Classify a Triangle
Exercises 4
CHAPTER 5
Programs with Repetition Logic
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The while Construct
5.2.1 Highest Common Factor
5.3 Keep a Count
5.3.1 Find Average
5.4 Increment and Decrement Operators
5.5 Assignment Operators
5.6 Find Largest
5.7 Find Smallest
5.8 Read Data from a File
5.8.1 fscanf
5.8.2 Find Average of Numbers in a File
5.9 Send Output to a File
5.9.1 fprintf
5.10 Payroll
5.11 The for Construct
5.11.1 The for Statement in C
5.11.2 A Bit of Aesthetics
5.12 Multiplication Tables
5.13 Temperature Conversion Table
5.14 Expressive Power of for
5.15 The do...while Statement
5.15.1 Highest Common Factor
5.15.2 Interest at the Bank
Exercises 5
CHAPTER 6
Characters
6.1 Character Sets
6.2 Character Constants and Values
6.3 The Type char
6.4 Characters in Arithmetic Expressions
6.4.1 Uppercase To/From Lowercase
6.5 Read and Print Characters
6.6 Count Characters
6.6.1 Count Characters in a Line
6.7 Count Blanks in a Line of Data
6.8 Compare Characters
6.9 Read Characters From a File
6.10 Write Characters to a File
6.10.1 Echo Input, Number Lines
6.11 Convert Digit Characters to Integer
Exercises 6
CHAPTER 7
Functions
7.1 About Functions
7.2 skipLines
7.3 A Program with a Function
7.3.1 The Function Header
7.3.2 How a Function Gets Its Data
7.4 max
7.5 Print the Day
7.6 Highest Common Factor
7.6.1 Using HCF to Find LCM
7.7 factorial
7.7.1 Using Factorial
7.7.2 Combinations
7.8 Job Charge
7.9 Calculate Pay
7.10 Sum of Exact Divisors
7.10.1 Classify Numbers
7.11 Some Character Functions
7.11.1 Position of a Letter in the Alphabet
7.12 Fetch the Next Integer
Exercises 7
CHAPTER 8
Arrays
8.1 Simple vs Array Variable
8.2 Array Declaration
8.3 Store Values in an Array
8.3.1 About not using element 0
8.4 Average and Differences from Average
8.5 Letter Frequency Count
8.6 Making Better Use of fopen
8.7 Array as Argument to a Function
8.8 String - Array of Characters
8.8.1 Reverse the Characters in a String
8.9 Palindrome
8.9.1 A Better Palindrome Function
8.10 Array of Strings – Name of Day
8.11 A Flexible getString Function
8.12 A Geography Quiz Program
8.13 Find the Largest Number
8.14 Find the Smallest Number
8.15 A Voting Problem
Exercises 8
CHAPTER 9
Searching, Sorting and Merging
9.1 Sequential Search
9.2 Selection Sort
9.2.1 Analysis of Selection Sort
9.3 Insertion Sort
9.3.1 Analysis of Insertion Sort
9.3.2 Insert an Element in Place
9.4 Sort an Array of Strings
9.4.1 Variable-Length Arrays
9.5 Sort Parallel Arrays
9.6 Binary Search
9.7 Word Frequency Count
9.8 Merge Sorted Lists
9.8.1 Implement the Merge
Exercises 9
Appendix A - Keywords in C
Appendix B - ASCII Character Set
Appendix C - Representation of Integers
Conversion of Decimal Numbers to Binary
Representation of Integers
Two’s Complement
Appendix D - How to Get a C Compiler
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