Neuroinflammation and CNS Disorders by Amor, Sandra, Woodroofe, Nicola -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Titlepage Copyright List of Contributors Preface Introduction: Interactions between the Immune and Central Nervous Systems

Origins By invitation only Cross-talk between the immune system and CNS Of mice and men Immune responses and neurodegenerative disorders Acknowledgements References

About the Companion Website 1 Immune Privilege of the Brain

Introduction The original experiment Mechanisms of the brain's immune privilege Concluding remarks Acknowledgements References

2 Innate Immunity in the CNS – A Focus on the Myeloid Cell

Introduction to concepts of innate immunity Cells of the innate immune system Innate immune cell receptors Innate immune responses in the CNS Summary Conflict of interests References

3 Adaptive Immune Responses in the CNS

Introduction to concepts of adaptive immunity Leukocyte populations in the CNS T cell populations T lymphocyte subsets Mediators of the adaptive immune response MHC expression on cells of the CNS Antigen presentation in the CNS Suppression of immune responses in the CNS Allografts and cytotoxic T cell responses Summary References

4 Ageing and the Immune Response in the CNS

Gene expression in the ageing brain Inflammation as a hallmark of the ageing brain Microglia Microglia in the ageing brain Microglia in the neurogenic niche Changes in regulation of microglial activation with ageing Neural contribution to age-associated brain inflammation Role of astrocytes in age-associated neuroinflammation Immune cells in the aged brain Implications of altered neuroinflammation for the ageing brain References

5 Brain Repair: The Role of Endogenous and Transplanted Neural Stem Cells

Introduction The homeostatic regulatory role of endogenous NPCs NPC transplantation as a therapeutic tool to promote brain repair The bystander effect of transplanted NPCs Immunomodulatory effects of transplanted NPCs Neurotrophic effects of transplanted NPCs Conclusions and perspectives Acknowledgements References

6 Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's Diseases

General introduction Alzheimer's disease Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease Neuroinflammation in Huntington's disease Conclusions References

7 CNS Infections

Introduction Herpes viruses Picornaviruses Retroviruses JC polyoma virus Prion diseases Conclusions References

8 Neuroimmunology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Overview of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Mutant superoxide dismutase animal model of ALS TDP43 animal model of ALS Proposed mechanisms of motoneuron injury in ALS Neuroinflammation and mSOD1 mice Immunologic aspects of ALS: part 1 – microglia Immunologic aspects of ALS: part 2 – T cells Immunologic aspects of ALS: part 3 – B cells Immunologic aspects of ALS: part 4 – astrocytes Immunologic aspects of ALS: part 5 – cytokines, chemokines and other markers of inflammation in ALS Immunologic aspects of ALS: part 6 – dendritic cells Conclusions References

9 Demyelinating Disorders of the CNS

Introduction Specific diseases Conclusion Conflict of interest Acknowledgements References

Systemic lupus erythematosus Primary Sjögren's syndrome Gluten-related neurological dysfunction Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes References

11 Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Depression

Introduction A role for the immune system in depressive illness – what is the evidence? Evidence for activation of the immune system in depressed patients Stress as a trigger for activating the immune system in depressed patients Conclusion Acknowledgements References

12 Immune Responses in the CNS in Epilepsy

Introduction Innate immunity in epilepsy Adaptive immunity in epilepsy Conclusions References

Focal ischaemia and early mechanisms of injury Calcium ion homeostasis Free radical formation The ischaemic inflammatory response The neurovascular unit Blood–brain barrier permeability References

14 Spinal Cord Injury

Overview of neuroinflammation and spinal cord injury Role of the innate immune response: neutrophils Role of the innate immune response: astrocytes Role of the innate immune response: macrophages Role of the adaptive immune response: T and B cells Current clinical approaches Conclusion References

15 Immune Responses to Tumours in the CNS

Tumours of the CNS The inflammatory infiltrate in CNS tumours Biology of immune responses to CNS tumours Immunotherapy of CNS tumours Conclusions Acknowledgements References

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