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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface and Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Contributors
Chapter 1: The Technology of Roman Maritime Concrete
1.1. Introduction
1.2. The unique character of Roman maritime concrete
1.3. Recent research on Roman concrete
1.4. ROMACONS research questions
1.5. Summary of the archaeological and engineering significance of the analyses of the ROMACONS samples
Chapter 2: Ancient Literary Sources Concerned with Roman Concrete Technology
2.1. Theophrastus
2.2. M. Porcius Cato
2.3. Vitruvius Pollio
2.4. Q. Horatius Flaccus
2.5. P. Virgilius Maro
2.6. Strabo
2.7. L. Annaeus Seneca
2.8. Pliny the Elder
2.9. P. Papinius Statius
2.10. Flavius Josephus
2.11. Pliny the Younger
2.12. C. Suetonius Tranquillus
2.13. Apuleius
2.14. Cassius Dio
2.15. M. Cetius Faventinus
2.16. Procopius of Caesarea
2.17. Inscriptions
Chapter 3: History and Procedures of the ROMACONS Project
3.1. History of the project
3.2. Coring equipment and procedures
Chapter 4: Narrative of the ROMACONS Fieldwork
4.1. Portus, Fieldwork July–August 2002
4.2. Antium, Fieldwork August 2002
4.3. Cosa, Fieldwork July–August 2003
4.4. Santa Liberata, Fieldwork June 2003, September 2004, and June 2005
4.5. Caesarea Palaestinae, Fieldwork October 2005
4.6. Baianus Lacus, Baianus Sinus, and Portus Iulius (Bay of Pozzuoli), Fieldwork September 2006
4.7. Alexandria, Fieldwork May 2007
4.8. Chersonesos, Fieldwork September 2007
4.9. Egnatia, Fieldwork May 2009
4.10. Pompeiopolis, Fieldwork August 2009
Chapter 5: The Brindisi Pila Reproduction
5.1. The reconstruction project: Methods and materials
5.2. Formwork design
5.3. Construction of the formwork
5.4. Preparation of the mortar
5.5. Placement of the mortar and aggregate
5.6. Conclusions from the reconstruction experiment
Chapter 6: Maritime Concrete in the Mediterranean World
6.1. Important sites not sampled by ROMACONS
6.2. Catalogue of maritime concrete structures around the Mediterranean and Portugal
Chapter 7: Sea-water Concretes and their Material Characteristics
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Geologic materials of the concretes
7.3. Concrete mix design and preparation
7.4. Pozzolanic cementitious processes in the sea-water mortars
7.5. Material properties of the maritime concretes
7.6. Inferences regarding durability of the ancient sea-water concrete
7.7. Summary of analytical methods
Chapter 8: Roman Formwork Used for Underwater Concrete Construction
8.1. The Role of formwork in Roman concrete construction
8.2. A Typology of Roman formwork design for marine construction: Fixed forms
8.3. A Typology of formwork design for underwater construction: Prefabricated and floating forms
8.4. Conclusions
Chapter 9: Roman Maritime Concrete Technology in its Mediterranean Context
9.1. Trade in pozzolana, pumiceous ash pozzolan, and caementa
9.2. Mechanisms for the spread of innovation in Roman marine construction
9.3. Conclusions: Society, trade, and technology in the Roman Mediterranean
Appendix 1: Glossary of Technical Terms
Appendix 2: Schedule of Samples Collected for Preliminary Study Prior to the ROMACONS Project
Appendix 3: Catalogue and Descriptions of Concretes Drilled from Marine Structures by ROMACONS
A3.1. Santa Liberata
A3.2. Portus Cosanus
A3.3. Portus
A3.4. Portus Traiani
A3.5. Antium
A3.6. Baiae
A3.7. Secca Fumosa
A3.8. Portus Iulius
A3.9. Egnatia
A3.10. Brindisi
A3.11. Chersonesos
A3.12. Pompeiopolis
A3.13. Caesarea Palaestinae
A3.14. Alexandria
Appendix 4: Compositional Analyses of Concretes Drilled from Harbour Structures by ROMACONS
Bibliography
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