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Index
Half title
Title page
Imprints page
Dedication
Contents
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction to Practical Reasoning
1.1 The Basic Form of Practical Reasoning
1.2 The BDI and Commitment Models
1.3 Autonomous Agents
1.4 Shared Intentions
1.5 Complex Practical Reasoning
Practical Reasoning: The 1990 Necessary Condition Scheme
1.6 Values and Goals
1.7 Taking Consequences into Account
1.8 The State Space Explosion
1.9 Critical Questions for Practical Reasoning
Critical Questions for Practical Reasoning
1.10 Communicative Agents in Multi-agent Systems
2 Practical Reasoning in Health Product Ads
2.1 The Dialectical Structure of the Ads in the Examples
2.2 The Yogurt Example
2.3 The Lunesta Example
2.4 The Mucinex Example
2.5 The ACTOS Example
2.6 The Caduet and Plavix Examples
2.7 The Lap-Band Example
2.8 The Charge that Ads Widely Tend to Commit Fallacies
2.9 Issues of Argument Evaluation Raised by the Ads
2.10 Conclusions
3 Formal and Computational Systems of Practical Reasoning
3.1 Abstract Argumentation Frameworks
3.2 ArguMed Based on DefLog
3.3 The Carneades Argumentation System
3.4 Evaluating Practical Reasoning with Carneades
3.5 Managing Critical Questions with Carneades
3.6 Managing Critical Questions for Practical Reasoning
3.7 Visualizing the Health Ad Examples with Carneades
3.8 The Smart Car Example
3.9 Instrumental and Value-based Practical Reasoning
3.10 Evaluating Practical Reasoning
4 Practical Reasoning in Arguments and Explanations
4.1 Traditional Approaches to Scientific Explanation
4.2 Criteria to Determine Whether Something Is an Argument or an Explanation
4.3 Defining Argument and Explanation
4.4 A Dialogue Model for Argument and Explanation
4.5 Transfer of Understanding in Dialogues
4.6 The Radiators Example
4.7 The Heated Metal Example
4.8 The Hawk Example
4.9 Practical Reasoning and Explanations
4.10 Conclusions
5 Explanations, Motives, and Intentions
5.1 The Flagpole Example
5.2 Practical Reasoning in the Flagpole Example
5.3 The Flagpole Example as an Explanation
5.4 Defining Key Terms
5.5 Practical Reasoning in Multi-agent Systems
5.6 Reasoning from Action to Motive
5.7 Inference to the Best Explanation
5.8 Reasoning from Motive to Intention
5.9 Reasoning from Circumstances to Intention
5.10 Conclusions
6 Practical Argumentation in Deliberation Dialogue
6.1 The Printer Example
6.2 The Real Estate Example
6.3 The Carneades Policy Modeling Tool
6.4 The Town Hall Meeting Example
6.5 The McBurney, Hitchcock, and Parsons Model
6.6 Speech Acts in a Deliberation Dialogue
6.7 Revised Versions of the Model
6.8 Deliberation with an Open Knowledge Base
6.9 Closing a Deliberation Dialogue
6.10 Conclusions
7 Goal-Based Argumentation in Different Types of Dialogue
7.1 Reconsidering the Closure Problem in the Examples
7.2 An Example of Persuasion Dialogue Mixed with Deliberation
7.3 The Dialectical Shift in the Example
7.4 The Social Progress Example
7.5 The Second Stage of the Social Progress Example
7.6 Is There a Burden of Proof in Deliberation?
7.7 Speech Acts and Burdens in Deliberation Dialogue
7.8 Advising Dialogue
7.9 Moving Research Forward on Practical Reasoning
7.10 Conclusions
8 Practical and Epistemic Rationality
8.1 Practical Versus Theoretical Reasoning
8.2 Two Views of Knowledge
8.3 Epistemic Rationality Defined
8.4 Practical Rationality Defined
8.5 Practical Rationality and Reasoning
8.6 Practical Irrationality and Multi-agent Attributions of Goals
8.7 Rationality and Fallacies
8.8 Dialectical Frameworks of Practical Rationality
8.9 The Dialectical Model of Rationality
8.10 Concluding Remarks on Rationality
Bibliography
Index
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