Programming and Problem Solving With C++ · Comprehensive by Dale, Nell -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Copyright Contents Preface 1 Overview of Programming and Problem Solving

1.1 Overview of Programming

What Is Programming? How Do We Write a Program? What Is an Algorithm? What Is a Programming Language?

1.2 How Does a Computer Run a Program?

What Kinds of Instructions Can Be Written in a Programming Language? What Is Software Maintenance?

Software Maintenance Case Study: An Introduction to Software Maintenance 1.3 What’s Inside the Computer? 1.4 Ethics and Responsibilities in the Computing Profession

Software Piracy Privacy of Data Use of Computer Resources Software Engineering

1.5 Problem-Solving Techniques

Ask Questions Look for Things That Are Familiar Solve by Analogy Means-Ends Analysis Divide and Conquer The Building-Block Approach Merging Solutions Mental Blocks: The Fear of Starting Algorithmic Problem Solving

Problem-Solving Case Study: Leap Year Algorithm Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Case Study Follow-Up Line Number

2 C++ Syntax and Semantics, and the Program Development Process

2.1 The Elements of C++ Programs

C++ Program Structure Syntax and Semantics Syntax Templates Naming Program Elements: Identifiers Data and Data Types Naming Elements: Declarations Taking Action: Executable Statements Beyond Minimalism: Adding Comments to a Program

2.2 Program Construction

Blocks (Compound Statements) The C++ Preprocessor

Software Maintenance Case Study: Adding Titles to Names 2.3 More About Output

Creating Blank Lines Inserting Blanks Within a Line Special Characters

2.4 Program Entry, Correction, and Execution

Entering a Program Compiling and Running a Program

Problem-Solving Case Study: Printing a Chessboard Testing and Debugging Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

3 Numeric Types, Expressions, and Output

3.1 Overview of C++ Data Types 3.2 Numeric Data Types

Integral Types Floating-Point Types

3.3 Declarations for Numeric Types

Named Constant Declarations Variable Declarations

3.4 Simple Arithmetic Expressions

Arithmetic Operators Increment and Decrement Operators

3.5 Compound Arithmetic Expressions

Precedence Rules Type Coercion and Type Casting

Software Maintenance Case Study: Precedence Error 3.6 Function Calls and Library Functions

Value-Returning Functions Library Functions Void Functions

3.7 Formatting Output

Integers and Strings Floating-Point Numbers

3.8 Additional string Operations

The length and size Functions The find Function The substr Function Accessing Characters Within a String: The at Function Converting to Lowercase and Uppercase

Problem-Solving Case Study: Mortgage Payment Calculator Testing and Debugging Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

4 Program Input and the Software Design Process

4.1 Getting Data into Programs

Input Streams and the Extraction Operator (>>) The Reading Marker and the Newline Character Reading Character Data with the get Function Skipping Characters with the ignore Function Reading String Data

4.2 Interactive Input/Output 4.3 Noninteractive Input/Output 4.4 File Input and Output

Files Using Files

Software Maintenance Case Study: Adding File Input/Output to a Program

Run-Time Input of File Names

4.5 Input Failure 4.6 Software Design Methodologies 4.7 Functional Decomposition

Modules Implementing the Design A Perspective on Design

Problem-Solving Case Study: Displaying a Name in Multiple Formats Testing and Debugging Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

5 Conditions, Logical Expressions, and Selection Control Structures

5.1 Flow of Control

Selection

5.2 Conditions and Logical Expressions

The bool Data Type Logical Expressions

5.3 The If Statement

The If-Then-Else Form Blocks (Compound Statements) The If-Then Form A Common Mistake

Software Maintenance Case Study: Incorrect Output 5.4 Nested If Statements

The Dangling else

5.5 Logical Operators

Precedence of Operators Relational Operators with Floating-Point Types

5.6 Testing the State of an I/O Stream Problem-Solving Case Study: BMI Calculator Testing and Debugging

Testing in the Problem-Solving Phase: The Algorithm Walk-Through Testing in the Implementation Phase The Test Plan Tests Performed Automatically During Compilation and Execution

Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

6 Looping

6.1 The While Statement 6.2 Phases of Loop Execution 6.3 Loops Using the While Statement

Count-Controlled Loops Event-Controlled Loops Looping Subtasks

Software Maintenance Case Study: Make a Program General 6.4 How to Design Loops

Designing the Flow of Control Designing the Process Within the Loop The Loop Exit

6.5 Nested Logic

Designing Nested Loops

Problem-Solving Case Study: Recording Studio Design Testing and Debugging

Loop-Testing Strategy Test Plans Involving Loops

Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

7 Additional Control Structures

7.1 The Switch Statement 7.2 The Do-While Statement 7.3 The For Statement Software Maintenance Case Study: Changing a Loop Implementation 7.4 The Break and Continue Statements 7.5 Guidelines for Choosing a Looping Statement 7.6 Additional C++ Operators

Assignment Operators and Assignment Expressions Increment and Decrement Operators Bitwise Operators The Cast Operation The sizeof Operator The ?: Operator Operator Precedence Type Coercion in Arithmetic and Relational Expressions

Problem-Solving Case Study: The Rich Uncle Testing and Debugging Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

8 Functions

8.1 Functional Decomposition with Void Functions

When to Use Functions Why Do Modules Need an Interface Design? Designing Interfaces Writing Modules as Void Functions

8.2 An Overview of User-Defined Functions

Flow of Control in Function Calls Function Parameters

8.3 Syntax and Semantics of Void Functions

Function Call (Invocation) Function Declarations and Definitions Local Variables The Return Statement

8.4 Parameters

Value Parameters Reference Parameters

Software Maintenance Case Study: Refactoring a Program

Using Expressions with Parameters A Last Word of Caution About Argument and Parameter Lists Writing Assertions as Function Documentation

Problem-Solving Case Study: Lawn Care Company Billing Testing and Debugging

The assert Library Function

Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

9 Scope, Lifetime, and More on Functions

9.1 Scope of Identifiers

Scope Rules Variable Declarations and Definitions Namespaces

9.2 Lifetime of a Variable

Initializations in Declarations

Software Maintenance Case Study: Debug a Simple Program 9.3 Interface Design

Side Effects Global Constants

9.4 Value-Returning Functions

Complete Example Boolean Functions Interface Design and Side Effects When to Use Value-Returning Functions

9.5 Type Coercion in Assignments, Argument Passing, and Return of a Function Value Problem-Solving Case Study: Health Profile Testing and Debugging

Stubs and Drivers

Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

10 User-Defined Data Types

10.1 Built-In Simple Types

Numeric Types Characters

10.2 User-Defined Simple Types

The Typedef Statement Enumeration Types Named and Anonymous Data Types

10.3 Simple Versus Structured Data Types 10.4 Records (Structs)

Accessing Individual Components Aggregate Operations on Structs More About Struct Declarations Binding Like Items

Software Maintenance Case Study: Changing a Loop Implementation 10.5 Hierarchical Records 10.6 Unions 10.7 Pointers

Pointer Variables Pointers Expressions

10.8 Reference Types Problem-Solving Case Study: Stylistical Analysis of Text Testing and Debugging

Coping with Input Errors Debugging with Pointers

Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

11 Arrays

11.1 One-Dimensional Arrays

Declaring Arrays Accessing Individual Components Out-of-Bounds Array Indexes Initializing Arrays in Declarations (Lack of) Aggregate Array Operations Examples of Declaring and Accessing Arrays Passing Arrays as Arguments Commenting Arrays

Software Maintenance Case Study: Modularizing a Program

Using Typedef with Arrays Pointer Expressions and Arrays C-Style Strings Strings as Arrays C String Operations Converting C Strings to C++ Strings Which String Representation to Use

11.2 Arrays of Records

Arrays of Records

11.3 Special Kinds of Array Processing

Subarray Processing Indexes with Semantic Content

11.4 Two-Dimensional Arrays 11.5 Passing Two-Dimensional Arrays as Arguments 11.6 Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays

Sum the Rows Sum the Columns Revised Sum the Columns Initialize the Array Print the Array

11.7 Another Way of Defining Two-Dimensional Arrays 11.8 Multidimensional Arrays Problem-Solving Case Study: Calculating Exam Statistics Problem-Solving Case Study: Favorite Rock Group Testing and Debugging

One-Dimensional Arrays Complex Structures Multidimensional Arrays

Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

12 Classes and Abstraction

12.1 Abstract Data Types 12.2 C++ Classes

Implementing the Member Functions Classes, Objects, and Members Built-in Operations on Objects Class Scope

12.3 Information Hiding

User-Written Header Files Specification and Implementation Files Compiling and Linking a Multifile Program

12.4 What Is an Object? 12.5 Class Design Principles

Encapsulation Abstraction Designing for Modifiability and Reuse Mutability

Software Maintenance Case Study: Comparing Two TimeOfDay Objects 12.6 The Name ADT

Specification of the ADT Implementation File

12.7 Composition

Design of an Entry Class

12.8 UML Diagrams

Diagramming a Class Diagramming Composition of Classes

Problem-Solving Case Study: Create an Array of Name Objects Testing and Debugging Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

13 Array-Based Lists

13.1 What Is a List? 13.2 The List as an Abstract Data Type

Refining Responsibilities Data Representation Example Program

13.3 Implementation of List ADT

Basic Operations Insertion and Deletion Sequential Search Iterators

Software Maintenance Case Study: Enhancing Class List with a Sort 13.4 Sorted Lists

Basic Operations Insertion Sequential Search Binary Search Deletion

13.5 Sorted List of Classes

IsThere Insert and Delete

13.6 More on UML Diagrams Problem-Solving Case Study: Calculating Exam Statistics Revisited Testing and Debugging Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

14 Dynamic Data and Linked Lists

14.1 Dynamic Data

Allocating Dynamic Data Deleting Dynamic Data Constants and Dynamic Data

14.2 Sequential Versus Linked Structures 14.3 Creating a Dynamic Linked List: A Walk-Through Example 14.4 Dynamic Implementation of ADT List

Creating an Empty Linked List Inserting into a Linked List Traversals of a Linked List Deleting from a Linked List Resetting the List Getting the Next Item Testing for the Full Linked List Searching the List

14.5 Destructors and Copy Constructors

Destructor Shallow Versus Deep Copying Copy-Constructor

14.6 Sorted Linked List

Insert(20) Insert(60) (pick up with loop) Insert(100) Deleting from a Linked List Delete(30) Delete(50)

Problem-Solving Case Study: Creating a Sorted List of Entry Objects Testing and Debugging Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

15 Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Object-Oriented Design

15.1 Object-Oriented Programming 15.2 Inheritance

An Analogy Inheritance and the Object-Oriented Design Process Deriving One Class from Another Class Specification of the ExpandedEntry Class Implementation of the ExpandedEntry Class Constructor Execution Order

Software Maintenance Case Study: Extending TimeOfDay with Support for a Time Zone 15.3 Dynamic Binding and Virtual Functions

The Slicing Problem Virtual Functions

15.4 Object-Oriented Design

Brainstorming Filtering Scenario Exploration Responsibility Algorithms A Final Word

15.5 Implementing a Design Problem-Solving Case Study: Creating an Appointment Calendar Testing and Debugging Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

16 Templates, Operator Overloading, and Exceptions

16.1 Template Classes

Defining a Class Template Instantiating a Class Template Another Way of Implementing Incoming Parameters: const References Organization of Program Code A Word of Caution

16.2 Generic Functions

Function Overloading Defining a Function Template Outside a Class Instantiating a Function Template

16.3 Operator Overloading

Using *this

16.4 Exceptions

The throw Statement The try-catch Statement Nonlocal Exception Handlers Rethrowing an Exception Standard Exceptions

Software Maintenance Case Study: Adding Exceptions to the Date Class Problem-Solving Case Study: Starship Weight and Balance Testing and Debugging Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

17 Introduction to Data Structures Using the Standard Template Library

17.1 Abstract Data Structures versus Implementations 17.2 Additional Linear Structures

Stacks Queues Priority Queues

17.3 Bidirectional Linear Structures

Bidirectional Lists Deques

17.4 An Introduction to the STL

Iterators The vector Template The list Template The stack Template The queue Template The priority_queue Template The deque Template

Software Maintenance Case Study: Appointment Calendar Using STL List 17.5 Nonlinear Structures

Binary Trees Hash Tables

17.6 Associative Containers

The set Template The map Template

Problem-Solving Case Study: Creating a Deck of Cards Testing and Debugging Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

18 Recursion

18.1 What Is Recursion? 18.2 Recursive Algorithms with Simple Variables 18.3 Towers of Hanoi 18.4 Recursive Algorithms with Structured Variables Software Maintenance Case Study: Substituting Binary Search for Linear Search 18.5 Recursion Using Pointer Variables

Printing a Dynamic Linked List in Reverse Order Copying a Dynamic Linked List

18.6 Recursion or Iteration? Problem-Solving Case Study: Quicksort Testing and Debugging Summary Quick Check Answers Exam Preparation Exercises Programming Warm-Up Exercises Programming Problems Case Study Follow-Up

Appendices

Appendix A: Reserved Words Appendix B: Operator Precedence Appendix C: A Selection of Standard Library Routines Appendix D: Using This Book with a Prestandard Version of C++ Appendix E: Character Sets Appendix F: Program Style, Formatting, and Documentation Appendix G: More on Floating-Point Numbers Appendix H: Using C Strings Appendix I: C++ char Constants

Index

← Prev
Back
Next →

← Prev
Back
Next →