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Index
Title Page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Acknowledgments
Contributors and Reviewers
To the Instructor
Organization
Key Features
Other Features
Ancillaries
To the Student
Key Features
Reading and Review Tools
Additional Learning Resources
Chapter Features
Unit I Medical-Surgical Nursing
1 Aspects of Medical-Surgical Nursing
Description
Professional Organizations
Roles
Practice Settings
Essential Knowledge and Skills
Ethical Considerations
Legal Considerations
Leadership and Management in Medical-Surgical Settings
Issues Related to Leadership and Management
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
2 Medical-Surgical Practice Settings
Community and Home Health Nursing
Rehabilitation
Long-Term Care
Assisted Living
Continuing Care Retirement Communities
Supportive Housing Programs
Other Patient Care Settings
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit II Populations Receiving Medical-Surgical Care
3 Medical-Surgical Patients
Health-Illness Continuum
Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Health Maintenance
Cultural Awareness and Competency
Medical-Surgical Patients From Various Cultures
Stage of Development
Social Network
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit III Pathology Processes and Effects
4 Health, Illness, Stress, and Coping
Health, Disease, and Illness
Psychologic Responses to Illness
Nursing Care to Promote Coping During Illness
Get Ready For The NCLEX® Examination!
5 Immunity, Inflammation, and Infection
Physical and Chemical Barriers
Immunity
Nonspecific Defenses Against Infection
Specific Defenses Against Infection—Immune Response
Inflammatory Process
Infection
Care of Patients With Infection
Nursing Care of the Patient With an Infection
Immunodeficiency
Nursing Care of the Immunosuppressed Patient
Hypersensitivity and Allergy
Nursing Care of the Patient With Allergies
Anaphylaxis
Nursing Care of the Patient With Anaphylaxis
Autoimmune Diseases
Nursing Care of the Patient With an Autoimmune Disorder
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
6 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Homeostasis
Body Fluid Compartments
Composition of Body Fluids
Transport of Water and Electrolytes
Osmolality
Regulatory Mechanisms
Age-Related Changes Affecting Fluid Balance
Focused Assessment of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Fluid Imbalances
Electrolyte Imbalances
Acid-Base Disturbances
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
7 The Patient With Cancer
Why Study Cancer?
What Is Cancer?
Diagnosis of Cancer
Medical Treatment of Cancer
Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Unproven Methods of Cancer Treatment
Nursing Care of the Patient Who Has Cancer
Oncologic Emergencies
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
8 Pain
Definition of Pain
Physiology of Pain
Factors Influencing Response to Pain
Responses to Pain
Nursing Care of the Patient in Pain
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
9 Shock
Definition of Shock
Types of Shock
Effects of Shock on Body Systems and Functions
Stages of Shock
Diagnosis
First Aid for Shock Outside the Medical Facility
General Medical Treatment
Nursing Care of the Patient in Shock
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Get Readyfor The NCLEX® Examination!
Unit IV Special Problems of the Older Adult Patient
10 The Older Adult Patient
Definitions
Roles of the Gerontological Nurse
Ageism—Myths and Stereotypes
Biologic and Physiologic Factors in Aging
Theories of Biologic Aging
Physiologic Changes in Body Systems
Psychosocial Theories of Aging
Coping and Adaptation
Family
Functional Assessment
Drug Therapy and Older Adults
The Nurse and the Older Patient
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
11 Falls
Definition of Falls
Incidence and Risk Factors
Restraints
Nursing Assessment and Intervention
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
12 Immobility
Psychosocial
Nursing Assessment and Intervention
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
13 Delirium and Dementia
Delirium
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
Major Neurocognitive Disorder (Dementia)
Nursing Care of the Patient With a Neurocognitive Disorder
Guidelines for Working With Patients With Dementia
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
14 Incontinence
Urinary Incontinence
Bowel (Fecal) Incontinence
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit V Therapeutics
15 Nutrition
Nutritional Requirements of Healthy Adults
Guidelines for Dietary Planning
Vegetarian Diets
Nursing Assessment of Nutritional Status
Disorders Associated With Food Consumption
Nutritional Delivery Methods for Feeding Problems
Medical Nutrition Therapy
Nutrition for the Older Adult
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
16 Intravenous Therapy
Indications for Intravenous Therapy
Types of Intravenous Fluids
Venous Access Devices
Initiation of Intravenous Therapy
Maintenance of Intravenous Therapy
Intravenous Infusion of Medications
Changing Venous Access Devices and Administration Sets
Termination of Intravenous Therapy
Precautions
Complications of Intravenous Therapy
The Older Patient and Intravenous Therapy
Nursing Care During Intravenous Therapy
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
17 Surgery
Purposes of Surgery
Variables Affecting Surgical Outcomes
Preoperative Phase
Intraoperative Phase
Intraoperative Nursing Care
Postoperative Phase
Immediate Postoperative Nursing Care in the Postanesthesia Care Unit
Postoperative Nursing Care on the Nursing Unit
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
18 The Patient With an Ostomy
Indications and Preparation for Ostomy Surgery
Nursing Care of the Patient Having Ostomy Surgery
Fecal Diversion
Urinary Diversion
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
19 Palliative and Hospice Care
Loss and Grief
Palliative Care
Hospice Care
Legal and Ethical Issues Related to Terminal Illness and Death
The Dying Process
Nursing Care at End of Life
Nursing Care Near End of Life
Care of the Body After Death
Needs of Caregivers
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
20 Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Nonmainstream Therapies
Whole Medical Systems
Nonmainstream Products and Practices in the United States
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit VI Neurologic System
21 Neurologic System Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System
Age-Related Changes
Pathophysiology of Neurologic Diseases
Nursing Assessment of Neurologic Function
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Common Therapeutic Measures
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
22 Neurologic Disorders
Headache
Seizure Disorder
Nursing Care of the Patient With a Seizure Disorder
Head Injury
Nursing Care of the Patient With a Head Injury
Brain Tumors
Nursing Care of the Patient With a Brain Tumor
Infectious and Inflammatory Conditions: Meningitis
Nursing Care of the Patient With Meningitis
Infectious and Inflammatory Conditions: Encephalitis
Nursing Care of the Patient With Encephalitis
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Nursing Care of the Patient With Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Parkinson Disease
Nursing Care of the Patient with Parkinson Syndrome
Multiple Sclerosis
Nursing Care of the Patient With Multiple Sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Nursing Care of the Patient With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Huntington Disease
Myasthenia Gravis
Nursing Care of the Patient With Myasthenia Gravis
Trigeminal Neuralgia (TIC Douloureux)
Nursing Care of the Patient With Trigeminal Neuralgia
Neurofibromatosis, Types 1 and 2
Bell's Palsy
Cerebral Palsy
Nursing Care of the Patient With Cerebral Palsy
Postpolio Syndrome
Summary
Get Ready For The NCLEX® Examination!
23 Cerebrovascular Accident
Risk Factors for Cerebrovascular Accident
Transient Ischemic Attack
Stroke
Nursing Care in the Acute Phase of Stroke
Nursing Care in the Rehabilitation Phase
Discharge
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
24 Spinal Cord Injury
Anatomy and Physiology of the Spinal Cord
Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury
Medical Treatment in the Acute Phase
Nursing Care in the Acute Phase
Nursing Care of the Laminectomy Patient
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit VII Respiratory System
25 Respiratory System Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System
Nursing Assessment of the Respiratory Tract
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Common Therapeutic Measures
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
26 Upper Respiratory Disorders
Disorders of the Nose and Sinuses
Disorders of the Throat
Disorders of the Larynx
Get Ready For The NCLEX® Examination!
27 Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders
Acute Bronchitis
Nursing Care of the Patient With Acute Bronchitis
Influenza
Nursing Care of the Patient With Influenza
Pneumonia
Nursing Care of the Patient With Pneumonia
Pleurisy (Pleuritis)
Nursing Care of the Patient With Pleurisy
Chest Trauma
Pneumothorax
Nursing Care of the Patient With Pneumothorax
Hemothorax
Rib Fractures
Nursing Care of the Patient With Rib Fractures
Flail Chest
Nursing Care of the Patient With Flail Chest
Pulmonary Embolus
Nursing Care of the Patient With a Pulmonary Embolus
Respiratory Arrest
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Nursing Care of the Patient With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
28 Chronic Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders
Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders
Chronic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders
Interstitial Lung Diseases
Occupational Lung Diseases
Lung Cancer
Nursing Care of the Patient With Lung Cancer
Extrapulmonary Disorders
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit VIII Hematologic and Immunologic Systems
29 Hematologic System Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Hematologic System
Nursing Assessment of the Hematologic System
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Common Therapeutic Measures
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
30 Hematologic Disorders
Red Blood Cell Disorders
Coagulation Disorders
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
31 Immunologic System Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Immune System
Nursing Assessment of the Patient With an Immunologic Disorder
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Common Therapeutic Measures
Nursing Actions for the Patient at Risk for Injury From Infection
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
32 Immunologic Disorders
White Blood Cell Disorders of the Immune System
Other Immune System Disorders
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Nursing Care of the Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit IX Cardiovascular System
33 Cardiovascular System Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
Age-Related Changes in the Cardiovascular System
Nursing Assessment of Cardiovascular Function
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Common Therapeutic Measures
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination
34 Cardiac Disorders
Coronary Heart Disease
Myocardial Infarction
Nursing Care of the Patient With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Heart Failure
Nursing Care of the Patient With Heart Failure
Cardiomyopathy
Nursing Care of the Patient With Cardiomyopathy
Cardiac Transplantation
Inflammatory Disorders
Valvular Disease
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination
35 Vascular Disorders
Arterial Embolism
Nursing Care of the Patient With Arterial Embolism
Peripheral Arterial Disease of Lower Extremities
Nursing Care of the Patient With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Thromboangiitis Obliterans
Raynaud Disease
Nursing Care of the Patient With Raynaud Disease
Aneurysms
Preoperative and Postoperative Nursing Care of the Patient With an Aneurysm
Aortic Dissection
Varicose Vein Disease
Nursing Care of the Patient With Varicose Vein Disease
Venous Thrombosis
Nursing Care of the Patient With Venous Thrombosis
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Nursing Care of the Patient With Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Lymphangitis
Nursing Care of the Patient With Lymphangitis
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
36 Hypertension
Definitions
Anatomy and Physiology of Blood Pressure Regulation
Types of Hypertension
Nursing Care of the Patient With Hypertension
Hypertensive Crisis
Nursing Care of the Patient in Hypertensive Crisis
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit X Digestive System
37 Digestive System Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive Tract
Accessory Organs
Age-Related Changes
Nursing Assessment of the Digestive Tract
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Common Therapeutic Measures
Get Ready For The NCLEX® Examination!
38 Upper Digestive Tract Disorders
Disorders Affecting Ingestion
Disorders Affecting Digestion and Absorption
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
39 Lower Digestive Tract Disorders
Obesity
Nursing Care of the Obese Surgical Patient
Disorders Affecting Absorption and Elimination
Patient Education to Promote Normal Bowel Function
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
40 Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreatic Disorders
Disorders of the Liver
Disorders of the Gallbladder
Disorders of the Pancreas
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit XI Urologic System
41 Urologic System Introduction
Anatomy of the Urinary System
Physiology of the Urinary System
Age-Related Changes in the Urinary System
Nursing Assessment of the Urinary System
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Common Therapeutic Measures
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
42 Urologic Disorders
Urinary Tract Inflammation and Infections
Hereditary Renal Disease
Immunologic Renal Disease
Urinary Tract Obstructions
Urologic Trauma
Cancers of the Urinary System
Kidney Failure
Renal Transplantation
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit XII Musculoskeletal System
43 Musculoskeletal System Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System
Age-Related Changes in the Musculoskeletal System
Nursing Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Common Therapeutic Measures
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
44 Connective Tissue Disorders
Osteoarthritis
Nursing Care of the Patient with Osteoarthritis
Nursing Care After Total Joint Replacement
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Nursing Care of the Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoporosis
Nursing Care of the Patient With Osteoporosis
Gout
Nursing Care of the Patient With Gout
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Nursing Care of the Patient With Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis
Nursing Care of the Patient With Polymyositis
Other Connective Tissue Disorders
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
45 Fractures
Classification of Fractures
Cause and Risk Factors
Fracture Healing
Complications
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Medical Treatment
Common Therapeutic Measures
Assistive Devices
Nursing Care of the Patient With a Fracture
Management of Specific Fractures
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
46 Amputations
Indications and Incidence
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Medical Treatment
Surgical Treatment
Prostheses
Complications
Preoperative Nursing Care of the Patient Having Amputation Surgery
Postoperative Nursing Care of the Patient Having Amputation Surgery
Older Adult With an Amputation
Replantation
Preoperative Nursing Care of the Patient Having Replantation Surgery
Postoperative Nursing Care of the Patient Having Replantation Surgery
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit XIII Endocrine System
47 Endocrine System Introduction
Hormone Functions and Regulation
Anatomy and Physiology of the Endocrine System
Age-Related Changes in the Endocrine System
Nursing Assessment of the Patient With an Endocrine Disorder
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Drug Therapy
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
48 Pituitary and Adrenal Disorders
Disorders of the Pituitary Gland
Posterior Pituitary Disorders
Disorders of the Adrenal Glands
Nursing Care of the Adrenalectomy Patient
Pheochromocytoma
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
49 Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders
Thyroid Disorders
Parathyroid Disorders
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
50 Diabetes and Hypoglycemia
Diabetes Mellitus
Nursing Care of the Patient With Diabetes Mellitus
Hypoglycemia
Nursing Care of the Patient With Hypoglycemia
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit XIV Reproductive Systems
51 Female Reproductive System Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
Nursing Assessment of the Female Reproductive System
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Common Therapeutic Measures
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
52 Female Reproductive Disorders
Uterine Bleeding Disorders
Nursing Care of the Patient With Uterine Bleeding
Infections
Fibrocystic Changes
Nursing Care of the Patient With Fibrocystic Changes
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Nursing Care of the Patient With Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Benign Growths
Uterine Displacement
Vaginal Fistulas
Cancer
Infertility
Nursing Care of the Patient With an Infertility Disorder
Menopause
Nursing Care of the Menopausal Patient
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
53 Male Reproductive System Introduction
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
Age-Related Changes in the Male Reproductive System
Nursing Assessment of the Male Reproductive System
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Common Therapeutic Measures
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
54 Male Reproductive Disorders
Infections and Inflammatory Conditions
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Nursing Care of the Patient With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Nursing Care of the Patient With a Prostatectomy
Prostatic Cancer
Nursing Care of the Patient With Prostatic Cancer
Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence)
Nursing Care of the Patient With Erectile Dysfunction
Peyronie Disease
Priapism
Phimosis and Paraphimosis
Infertility
Penile Cancer
Testicular Cancer
Nursing Care of the Patient With Testicular Cancer
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
55 Sexually Transmitted Infections
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Pathophysiology
Drug Therapy
Reporting Sexually Transmitted Infections
Specific Sexually Transmitted Infections
Nursing Care of the Patient With a Sexually Transmitted Infection
Condom Use
Dental Dam Use
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit XV Integumentary System
56 Integumentary System Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin
Nursing Assessment of the Skin
Age-Related Changes in the Skin
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Common Therapeutic Measures
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
57 Skin Disorders
Pruritus
Nursing Care of the Patient With Pruritus
Inflammatory Conditions and Infections
Infestations
Pemphigus
Cancer
Disorders of the Nails
Nursing Care of the Patient With a Nail Disorder
Burns
Nursing Care of the Patient With Burn Injury
Conditions Treated With Plastic Surgery
Nursing Care of the Patient Having Plastic Surgery
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit XVI Special Senses
58 Special Senses Introduction
Eye and Vision
Ear and Hearing
Surgical Intervention for the Eye and Ear
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
59 Eye and Vision Disorders
External Eye Disorders
Errors of Refraction
Nursing Care of the Patient With Errors of Refraction
Internal Eye Disorders
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
60 Ear and Hearing Disorders
External Ear and Canal
Middle Ear
Inner Ear
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit XVII Medical-Surgical Patients with Psychiatric Disorders
61 Psychobiologic Disorders
Establishing Therapeutic Relationships
Nursing Assessment of the Psychiatric Patient
Types of Psychiatric Disorders
Summary
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
62 Substance Abuse
The Science of Addiction
Nursing Assessment of the Person With an Addiction
Diagnostic Tests
Gambling Disorder
Prescription Drug Addiction
Substance-Related Disorders
Conditions Associated With Substance Use Disorders
Treatment for Substance Use Disorders
Nursing Care of the Person With a Substance Use Disorder
Special Problems for Populations of People With Substance Use Disorders
Peer Assistance Programs
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit XVIII Nursing in Disasters and First Aid
63 First Aid, Emergency Care, and Disaster Management
General Principles of Emergency Care
Nursing Assessment in Emergencies
Specific Emergencies
Acts of Bioterrorism
Disaster Planning
Legal Aspects of Emergency Care
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Glossary
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Index
ISMP's List of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations
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