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AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS THE CHEMISTRY OF PLANT LIFE THE CHEMISTRY OF PLANT LIFE
BY ROSCOE W. THATCHER, M.A., D.Agr. Dean of the Department of Agriculture and Director of the Agricultural Experiment Stations. University of Minnesota (formerly Professor of Plant Chemistry. University of Minnesota)
McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, Inc. NEW YORK: 370 SEVENTH AVENUE LONDON: 6 & 8 BOUVERIE ST., E. C. 4 1921
Preface CONTENTS INTRODUCTION
CHEMISTRY OF PLANT LIFE
CHAPTER I
PLANT NUTRIENTS PLANT FOOD ELEMENTS AVAILABLE AND UNAVAILABLE FORMS THE VALUE OF THE SOIL ELEMENTS AS PLANT FOOD RÔLE OF PLANT FOOD ELEMENTS IN PLANT GROWTH INORGANIC PLANT TOXINS AND STIMULANTS References
CHAPTER II
THE ORGANIC COMPONENTS OF PLANTS TYPES OF CHEMICAL CHANGES INVOLVED IN PLANT GROWTH GROUPS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FOUND IN PLANTS PHYSIOLOGICAL USES AND BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PHYSIOLOGICAL USES OF THE ORGANIC COMPONENT GROUPS
CHAPTER III
PHOTOSYNTHESIS PHYSIOLOGICAL STEPS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS FORMALDEHYDE, THE SIMPLEST CARBOHYDRATE STRUCTURE THE CONDENSATION OF FORMALDEHYDE INTO SUGARS THEORIES CONCERNING PHOTOSYNTHESIS THE PRODUCTION OF SUGARS AND STARCHES References
CHAPTER IV
CARBOHYDRATES GROUPS OF CARBOHYDRATES ISOMERIC FORMS OF MONOSACCHARIDES FOOTNOTES: CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION OF MONOSACCHARIDES CHARACTERISTIC REACTIONS OF HEXOSES THE OCCURRENCE AND PROPERTIES OF MONOSACCHARIDES DISACCHARIDES TRISACCHARIDES TETRASACCHARIDES THE RELATION OF THE MOLECULAR CONFIGURATION OF SUGARS TO THEIR BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES POLYSACCHARIDES (A) The Dextrosans (B) Levulosans (C) Mannosans, or Mannans (D) Galactans PHYSIOLOGICAL USE AND BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CARBOHYDRATES REFERENCES
CHAPTER V
GUMS, PECTINS, AND CELLULOSES THE NATURAL GUMS AND PENTOSANS MUCILAGES PECTINS CELLULOSES PHYSIOLOGICAL USE OF CELLULOSES REFERENCES
CHAPTER VI
GLUCOSIDES FOOTNOTES: HYDROLYSIS OF THE NATURAL GLUCOSIDES GENERAL PROPERTIES OF GLUCOSIDES THE PHENOL GLUCOSIDES THE ALCOHOL GLUCOSIDES THE ALDEHYDE GLUCOSIDES THE ACID GLUCOSIDES THE OXY-CUMARIN GLUCOSIDES THE PIGMENT GLUCOSIDES THE CYANOPHORE GLUCOSIDES THE MUSTARD OIL GLUCOSIDES TEE DIGITALIS GLUCOSIDES THE SAPONINS THE PHYSIOLOGICAL USES OF GLUCOSIDES BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF GLUCOSIDES References.
CHAPTER VII
TANNINS FOOTNOTES: OCCURRENCE CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION CLASSES OF TANNINS SOME COMMON TANNINS PHYSIOLOGICAL USES OF TANNINS BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TANNINS IN FRUITS References.
CHAPTER VIII
PIGMENTS THE CHLOROPHYLLS THE CONSTITUTION OF THE CHLOROPHYLLS SIMILARITY OF CHLOROPHYLL AND HÆMOGLOBIN PROPERTIES OF THE CHLOROPHYLLS THE CAROTINOIDS PHYCOERYTHRIN AND PHYCOPHÆIN THE ANTHOCYANS THE ANTHOXANTHINS THE PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL PIGMENTS IN FLOWERS, ETC. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL USES OF PIGMENTS BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ORNAMENTAL PIGMENTS References.
CHAPTER IX
ORGANIC ACIDS, ACID SALTS, AND ESTERS CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION SOME COMMON ORGANIC ACIDS PHYSIOLOGICAL USES OF ORGANIC ACIDS BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FRUIT ACIDS, ETC.
CHAPTER X
FATS AND OILS, WAXES, AND LIPOIDS A. FATS AND OILS OCCURRENCE CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION THE ACIDS WHICH OCCUR IN NATURAL FATS THE ALCOHOLS WHICH OCCUR IN NATURAL FATS HYDROLYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF FATS THE EXTRACTION OF OILS FROM PLANT TISSUES IDENTIFICATION OF FATS AND OILS PHYSIOLOGICAL USE OF FATS AND OILS B. THE WAXES C. THE LIPOIDS LECITHIN OTHER PLANT PHOSPHATIDES PLANT CEREBROSIDES PHYSIOLOGICAL USES OF LIPOIDS References.
CHAPTER XI
ESSENTIAL OILS AND RESINS THE ESSENTIAL OILS THE RESINS PHYSIOLOGICAL USES AND BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ESSENTIAL OILS References.
CHAPTER XII
THE VEGETABLE BASES THE PLANT AMINES ALKALOIDS THE PURINE BASES THE PYRIMIDINE BASES THE NUCLEIC ACIDS References
CHAPTER XIII
PROTEINS GENERAL COMPOSITION OF PROTEINS AMINO-ACIDS AND PEPTID UNITS INDIVIDUAL AMINO-ACIDS FROM PROTEINS COMPOSITION OF PLANT PROTEINS GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE PROTEINS FOOTNOTES: THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PROTEINS DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT AND ANIMAL PROTEINS THE EXTRACTION OF PROTEINS FROM PLANT TISSUES THE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS IN PLANTS PHYSIOLOGICAL USES OF PROTEINS References
CHAPTER XIV
ENZYMES AND THEIR ACTION ENZYMES AS CATALYSTS GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF ENZYMES NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OCCURRENCE AND PREPARATION FOR STUDY THE NATURE OF ENZYME ACTION ACTIVATORS AND INHIBITORS COENZYMES AND ANTIENZYMES ZYMOGENS PHYSIOLOGICAL USES OF ENZYMES FURTHER STUDIES NEEDED References
CHAPTER XV
THE COLLOIDAL CONDITION THE COLLOIDAL CONDITION A DISPERSION PHENOMENON NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION CONDITIONS NECESSARY TO THE FORMATION OF SOLS GEL-FORMATION GENERAL PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SOLUTIONS ADSORPTION CATALYSIS AFFECTED BY THE COLLOIDAL CONDITION INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF COLLOIDAL PHENOMENA NATURAL COLLOIDAL PHENOMENA References
CHAPTER XVI
THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF PROTOPLASM HETEROGENEOUS STRUCTURE OF THE CELL WATER SALTS OSMOTIC PRESSURE SURFACE BOUNDARY PHENOMENA ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA OF PROTOPLASM ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY OF PROTOPLASM SUMMARY References
CHAPTER XVII
HORMONES, AUXIMONES, VITAMINES, AND TOXINS HORMONES VITAMINES AUXIMONES TOXINS
CHAPTER XVIII
ADAPTATIONS TYPES OF ADAPTATIONS CHROMATIC ADAPTATIONS STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS CONCLUDING STATEMENTS
INDEX
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